A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PRESENT PERFECT TENSE AND PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE
A PAPER BY
NUR FITRI ANGRENI BATUBARA REG. NO.: 062202056
DIPLOMA III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2009
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Approved by Supervisor,
Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A. Nip. 130535807
Submitted to Faculty of Letters University of Sumatera Utara in partial fulfillment of the requirements for DIPLOMA (D-III) in English.
Approved by Head of English Study Program,
Dra. Syahyar Hanum DPFE Nip. 13702287
Approved by the Diploma III of English Study Program Faculty of Letters, University of Sumatera Utara
as a Paper for the Diploma (D-III) Examination
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
D-III Examination of the Diploma III of English Study Program, Faculty of
Letters, University of Sumatera Utara.
The examination is held on the .………………………………………………...
Faculty of Letters, University of Sumatera Utara
Dean,
Drs. Syaifuddin, M.A., Ph.D Nip. 132098531
Board of Examiner and Reader:
Examiner
: Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A.
Reader
: Dra. Syahyar Hanum DPFE
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, NUR FITRI ANGRENI BATUBARA, declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except where reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for awarded another degree.
No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of the paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.
Signed : Date
: June 2009
Universitas Sumatera Utara
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
Name
: NUR FITRI ANGRENI BATUBARA
Title of paper
: A Brief Description of Present Perfect Tense and Present Perfect Progressive Tense
Qualification
: D-III/ Ahli Madya
Study Program
: English
I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Librarian of the Diploma in English Study Program Faculty of Letters USU on the understanding that user are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.
Signed
:
Date
: June 2009
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Jika kita menggunakan bahasa Inggris, kita tidak akan pernah lepas dari masalah tenses karena untuk menyusun kalimat-kalimat yang jelas dan mudah dipahami maka, kita harus menyesuaikan setiap kalimat dengan tenses yang ada sesuai dengan “time picture” dari kejadian yang ada dalam kalimat tersebut. Ada 16 jenis tenses dalam bahasa inggris. Namun, penulis hanya mengambil dua jenis tenses yang kemudian dijadikan sebagai judul kertas karya ini, yaitu “A Brief Description of Present Perfect Tense and Present Perfect Progressive Tense” yang menjelaskan tentang bentuk, penggunaan, dan keterangan waktu yang biasa dipakai pada kedua tenses tersebut serta dilengkapi dengan beberapa contoh. Selain itu, kertas karya ini juga memuat pendapat dari para ahli tata bahasa mengenai pengertian Present Perfect Tense dan Present Perfect Progressive Tense. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan kertas karya ini adalah dengan tinjauan pustaka (Library Research), yaitu dengan cara mengumpulkan beberapa buku yang memuat informasi tentang judul kertas karya ini serta membuka beberapa situs internet untuk mendapatkan referensi tambahan. Kertas karya ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman mengenai penggunaan dan bentukbentuk dari kedua tenses ini dan mengaplikasikannya ke dalam percakapan seharihari. Dari kertas karya ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua tenses tersebut memiliki bentuk, penggunaan dan makna yang berbeda-beda.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Bismillahirrahmanirrahim, First of all, thanks and praises to Allah SWT who gives her health, strength, patience, and ease to complete this paper since the beginning up to its completion in order to get a diploma degree from Faculty of Letters, University of Sumatera Utara and her invocation to the Prophet Mohammad SAW as the God’s messanger. On this valuable occasion, the writer would like to express her gratitude and appreciation to: 1. Her beloved parents, Mr. Yunan Batubara and Mrs. Khadijah Lubis, whose love and affection, give her strength to her weakness and who also pray for her so that she can achieve her success. For her younger sisters and brothers, Rusdi, Rinal, Roni, Riska and Ririn who have given spirit and love to her. 2. Drs. Syaifuddin, M.A., Ph.D., the Dean of Faculty of Letters, University of Sumatera Utara. 3. Dra. Syahyar Hanum DPFE as the Head of the English Diploma Program and also as her reader. Thank you for your attention, guidance and your devoted time to give her suggestion in completing this paper. 4. Drs. Syahron Lubis, M.A., as her supervisor who has given advice, guidance and helps to correct this paper with all of his patience since from the beginning to its completion.
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5. All of her lecturers in English Diploma Program who have taught her so many things. Thank you very much for all of your knowledge, advice, and your supports. 6. For her friends, especially Ris Handayani, Ammayati, Rahmi Agustina, Kriswayuni, Irlayani Malay, Maryam Damanik, Syaidati ifdari and Ermila Sari who always give spirit and support and also care of her in order to be a good person. And for all her friends of A and B class of English Department. 7. To all of her friends in her lodging. Especially for her sister Nini, Wati, Pitri, Lida, Tina, Ningsih, Anggi, Dedek, Zuly, and Helga and others whose name she can’t mention one by one. Thank you for being good sister and brother to her since three years ago. She will never forget our memories. 8. For her best friends in Padangsidimpuan, Eka, Rika, Nisa, Adek who always share experience with her. She misses you all. In writing this paper, the writer actually got many difficulties so that the writer realizes that this it is still far from being perfect. Without much help and support from all sides, this paper would not be completed. Therefore, the writer welcomes for any constructive criticism and suggestion toward the improvement of this paper. Finally, I expect that this paper would be useful for the readers in the future. Medan,
May 2009
The writer NUR FITRI ANGRENI BATUBARA 062202056
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page AUTHOR’S DECLARATION .................................................................. i COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ...............................................................
ii
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................... vi
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Background of the Study ...........................................................
1
1.2 The Scope of the Study .....................................................................
2
1.3 The Objective of the Study ...............................................................
2
1.4 The Significance of the Study ...........................................................
3
2. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 2.1 The Defenition of the Present Perfect Tense .....................................
4
2.2 The Usage of Present Perfect Tense ..................................................
5
2.3 The Way of forming Present Perfect Tense .......................................
9
2.3.1 Verbal Sentences ...................................................................
9
2.3.2 Nominal Sentences ................................................................ 12 2.4 Time Signals .................................................................................... 15
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3. THE PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE 3.1 The Defenition of the Present Perfect Progressive Tense .................. 20 3.2 The Usage of the Present Perfect Progressive Tense ......................... 22 3.2.1 Duration from the Past Until Now ......................................... 22 3.2.2 Recently, Lately .................................................................... 23 3.3 The Way of Forming Present Perfect Progressive Tense ................... 24 3.4 Time Signals .................................................................................... 27
4. THE
PRESENT
PERFECT
VERSUS
PRESENT
PERFECT
PROGRESSIVE TENSES 4.1 The Present Perfect and Present Perfect Progressive Tenses with Similar Meanings .................................................................... 29 4.2 The Present Perfect and Present Perfect Progressive Tenses with Different Meanings .................................................................. 30
5. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions ...................................................................................... 32 5.2 Suggestions ...................................................................................... 33
REFERENCES
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