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Betonkernactivering (BKA)%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%* Geluid %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%* Spraakverstaanbaarheid %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*
Inhoudsopgave Formules
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Tabellen
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Figuren
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INLEIDING
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1
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Inleiding 1.1 1.2 1.3
Probleemgebied %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*+ Probleemstelling %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*+ Doelstelling%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*+
LITERATUURSTUDIE
"
2
"
Betonkernactivering 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
3
Inleiding %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*& Principe betonkernactivering (BKA) %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*& Toepassingsgebied %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*& Voordelen en nadelen t.o.v. traditionele klimaatsystemen in gebouwen. %%%%%%%%%%*, Werking van BKA
"%
3.1 Zelfregelend effect. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*3 3.1.1 Straling & 3.1.2 Zichtfactoren ' 3.1.3 Convectie ( 3.1.4 Worp ) 3.1.5 Berekeningsvoorbeeld zelfregelend effect. % % 3.1.6 Accumulatie of warmteopslagcapaciteit 3.1.7 berekening van warmtecapaciteit van gebouwmassa rond leidingen & 3.2 Regeling van BKA %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%+3 3.2.1 watertemperatuurregeling & 3.2.2 Voorbeeld berekening ' 3.2.3 Verschillende regelingen in relatie tot comfort ( 3.2.4 Operatieve temperatuur 3.2.5 PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) %) 3.2.6 Op. temperatuur – gewogen temperatuuroverschrijdingsuren (GTO-uren). %) 3.2.7 Stralingstemperatuur r %
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3.2.8 Dauwpunt % 3.2.9 Oppervlaktetemperaturen % 3.2.10 Te grote stralingsasymmetrie % 3.3 Bouwkundige aspecten%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%(+ 3.3.1 Gevelconstructie % 3.3.2 Vloeren voor Thermische Betonkern Activering %% 3.3.3 Vloerafwerking %& 3.4 Vergelijk met een klimaatplafond. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%(3 4
Geluid
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4.1 Inleiding %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%(7 4.2 Luchtgeluid%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%(7 4.2.1 Meten van de luchtgeluidisolatie van een constructie %( 4.2.2 geluidlekken door kieren ) 4.3 Contactgeluid %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&) 4.3.2 Homogene vloerconstructies 4.4 Geluidsabsorptie %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&+ 4.4.2 Bepaling van absorptiecoëfficiënt % 4.4.3 Absorptiecoëfficiënt - transmissiecoëfficiënt % 4.4.4 Geluidsisolatie – geluidsabsorptie 4.4.5 Noise Reduction Coëfficiënt (NRC) 4.5 Weging en beoordeling van geluid %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&3 4.5.1 Luidheid & 4.5.2 Foon & 4.5.3 Soon & 4.5.4 A-, B-, C- en D-weging van niveaus & 4.5.5 NR-Curves (Noise-Rating-Curves) ' 5
Nagalmtijd
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5.2 Sabine %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%,) 5.3 Eyring %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%,) 5.4 Vergelijking theorieën - metingen %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%,* 5.4.1 Ducourneau en Planeau 5.4.2 Neubauer en Kostek % 5.5 Het bepalen van de nagalmtijd in een testopstelling.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%,, 5.5.1 ISO3382 5.5.2 NEN5077 & 5.6 Mean free path %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%,5 5.7 Theoretische benadering van de formule van Sabine %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%,5 6
Spraakverstaanbaarheid 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6
&$
Inleiding %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%,1 De geluidsterkte van spraak %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%3) Signaal-Ruis verhouding (SNR signal-noise ratio)%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%3+ Strength (G) %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%3+ Articulation Index (AI) %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%3( Early energy fraction C-50 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%3&
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6.7 Useful-to-detrimental sound ratio (U)%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%3, 6.8 Articulation loss of consonants (ALcons).%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%3, 6.9 Spraak transmissie index STI %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%33 6.10 Speech Transmission Index in Noise (STI-N)%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%35 7
Normen en richtlijnen
%$
7.1 Nederlandse norm. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%31 7.2 Internationale normen. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%31 7.3 Richtlijnen%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%5* 7.3.1 Nagalmtijd ' 7.3.2 Geluiddrukniveau. ' 8
Invloedfactoren op de spraakverstaanbaarheid in klaslokalen
'
8.1 Signal to noise ratio %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%5( 8.1.1 Geluidssterkte van het “signaal” (spreker) '% 8.1.2 Achtergrond geluidniveau ' 8.2 Materialen %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%5& 8.3 Bezetting %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%5, 9
Absorptie en nagalm in klaslokalen
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9.1 De plaats van de absorberende materialen.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%57 9.1.1 Absorptie in klaslokalen '( 9.1.2 Nagalm in klaslokalen ' 9.2 Ruimte geometrie %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%51 9.2.1 Indeling van vergaderzalen, auditoria en collegezalen. '
AANPAK
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10
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Aanpak
10.1 10.2 10.2.1 10.2.2 10.3 10.4 10.4.1 10.4.2
Rekenhulpmiddel voor de berekening van -gemiddeld%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%7* Casestudy%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%7* Metingen in 2 bestaande lokalen ( Model van deze lokalen in CATT ( Effect van de locatie absorptie op de spraakverstaanbaarheid %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%7* Straling afname door geluidabsorberend materiaal %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%7+ zichtfactoren ( Oppervlakte temperaturen (
DEELONDERZOEKEN
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11
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Catt voorbereidingen
11.1 11.1.1 11.2 11.2.1 11.2.2 11.3 11.4
Invoer van een klaslokaal.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%7( Inleiding (% Geluidsterkte%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%7( (% Geluidsniveau van de bron (spreker) Achtergrondgeluid (% Aanpassingen%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%7& Resultaten(voorbeeld)%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%7&
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11.5 11.6 11.6.1 11.6.2 11.6.3 12
Conclusie %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%7& Directivity van de bron.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%7, Singers ( Seanger ( Luidspreker (
Atlas college Triade Edam
#%
12.1 Inleiding%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%73 12.1.1 De School (& 12.1.2 De lokalen (& 12.2 Meetopstelling.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%77 12.3 Berekeningen %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%77 12.3.1 Handberekening (( 12.3.2 CATT-acoustics (( 12.4 Uitvoer %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1) 12.5 Beoordeling%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1) 12.5.1 Beoordelingscriteria ) 12.5.2 Beoordeling van Lokaal 1_03 12.5.3 Beoordeling van Lokaal 1_22 12.5.4 Conclusie naar aanleiding van de beoordeling % 12.6 Bezetting%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1( 12.7 Verschillende bron%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1( 12.8 Aanpassingen%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1( 12.9 Uitvoer ‘aanpassingen’ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1, 12.10 Conclusie %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%13 12.10.1 STI in ruis & 12.10.2 Praktijk & 13
Locatie absorptie
13.1 13.1.1 13.1.2 13.1.3 13.2 13.2.1 13.2.2 13.2.3 13.3 14
$'
Inleiding%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%15 Het model ' Het absorberend materiaal ' De locatie van het absorberende materiaal ( Resultaten %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%17 Nagalmtijden ( Absorptiecoëfficiënt STI Conclusie %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%11
Straling
14.1 14.2 14.2.1 14.2.2 14.3 14.3.1 14.3.2
"
Inleiding%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*)) Methode %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*)) Temperaturen )) Model )) Berekening %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*)* Oppervlaktetemperaturen ) ) Zichtfactoren
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14.4 14.4.1 14.4.2 14.5 15
Locatie absorptie
15.1 15.1.1 15.2 15.2.1 15.2.2 15.2.3 15.2.4 16
" #
Ontwerphulpmiddel
" $
Aanleiding %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*)1 Inleiding%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*)1 Rekensheet %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*)1 Invoer - VO ) Invoer-aanpassingen ) Aanpassingen. ) Invoer – DO ) Uitvoer ) Informatie-site %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%**) Betonkernactivering ) Akoestiek ) Rekensheet
Literatuurlijst
18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.4.1 18.4.2 18.4.3 18.4.4 18.4.5 18.4.6 18.4.7 18.5 19
Wandabsorptie%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*)& Bevestiging wandpanelen. ) Plafond absorptie %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*)& Eilanden ) Randen ) Stroken )& Baffles )& Conclusie %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*)7 Aanbevelingen.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*)7
17.1 17.2 17.3 17.3.1 17.3.2 17.3.3 17.3.4 17.3.5 17.4 17.4.1 17.4.2 17.4.3 18
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Conclusies en aanbevelingen
16.1 16.2 17
Resultaten %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*)( Temperaturen )% Zichtfactoren )% Conclusie %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*)(
""
Boeken en normen %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%**+ College sheets%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%**( Onderzoeksrapporten %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%**( Publicaties %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%**( American Journal of Audiology % Applied Acoustics The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America TVVL magazine Verwarming & Ventilatie tijdschriften overig & overig & Internetbronnen %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%**5
Bijlagen
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( formule 3.1 stralingscomponent warmteoverdrachtscoëfficiënt formule 3.2 gemiddelde stralingstemperatuur in vertrekken formule 3.3 bolvormig elementje gelegen boven een hoek van een rechthoekig vlak formule 3.4 bolvormig element midden boven vlak formule 3.5 convectieve aandeel warmtetransport formule 3.6 convectiecomponent warmteoverdrachtcoëfficiënt bij vrije convectie formule 3.7 convectiecomponent warmteoverdrachtcoëfficiënt bij gedwongen convectie formule 3.8 getal van Archimedes formule 3.9 afbuiging van de luchtstroom in de ruimte formule 3.10 Acculmulatievermogen formule 3.11 Operatieve temperatuur formule 4.1 Geluidisolatie formule 4.2 Massawet loodrecht voor de bereking van de geluidweerstand van een wand formule 4.3 Massawet schuin voor de bereking van de geluidweerstand van een wand formule 4.4 Massawet alzijdig voor de bereking van de geluidweerstand van een wand formule 4.5 geluidweerstand van een samengestelde constructie formule 4.6 genormeerd contactgeluidniveau formule 4.7 contactgeluid formule 4.8 contactgeluid eenvoudig formule 4.9 Absorptiecoëfficiënt formule 4.10 Transmissiecoëfficiënt formule 4.11 Transmissiecoëfficiënt formule 4.12 NRC berekening formule 4.13 omrekenformule foon-soon formule 5.1 Sabine formule 5.2 -gemiddeld formule 5.3 Geluidsnelheid in lucht formule 5.4 Eyring formule 5.5 -gemiddeld formule 5.6 berekening van de ruimtehoek formule 5.7 berekening van de gemiddelde voor Sabine vanuit de ruimtehoek. formule 5.8 berekening van de gemiddelde voor Eyring vanuit de ruimtehoek. formule 5.9 minimale afstand tussen bron en microfoon formule 5.10 Mean free path formule 5.11 Volume van een bol formule 5.12 oppervlakte van een bol formule 5.13 gemiddelde afstand formule 5.14 mean free path formule 5.15 energie afname van 60 dB formule 5.16 Aantal reflectie per tijdseenheid formule 5.17 tijdsduur voor een energieafnamen van 60 dB formule 5.18 tijdsduur afhankelijk van V, S en formule 5.19 Nagalmtijd Sabine formule 6.1 Geluiddrukniveau formule 6.2 Strength formule 6.3 Strength formule 6.4 Strength formule 6.5 Articulation Index formule 6.6 Clarity-50 formule 6.7 U50 formule 6.8 C50 formule 6.9 U50 berekend vanuit C50 formule 6.10 Dci Kritische afstand
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formule 6.11 ALcons’71 voor Dci formule 6.12 ALcons’71 na Dci formule 6.13 ALcons’88 formule 6.14 ALcons STI formule 6.15 Modulation reduction factor formule 6.16 Apparent Signal-Noise Ratio formule 6.17 Speech Transmission Index formule 6.18 omrekenen STI STI-NOISE stap 1 formule 6.19 omrekenen STI STI-NOISE stap 2 formule 6.20 omrekenen STI STI-NOISE stap 3 formule 6.21 omrekenen STI STI-NOISE stap 4 formule 6.22 omrekenen STI STI-NOISE stap 5 formule 8.1 Geluidniveau formule 8.2 Bronsterkte spreker formule 8.3 Absorptie bezette klaslokaal formule 8.4 Ventilatiegeluidniveau bezet klaslokaal formule 8.5 geluid van het ventilatiesysteem formule 8.6 geluid van de activiteit van scholieren
&& && && && &' &' &' &( &( &( &( &( '% '% '% ' ' '
) tabel 3.1 Berekeningsvoorbeeld zelfregelend effect tabel 3.2 Overzicht temperaturen betonkernactivering (tbi = 21ºC) tabel 3.3 verband tussen PMV en PPD tabel 4.1 Normwaarden luchtgeluid isolatie tabel 4.2 Normwaarden contactgeluidisolatie tabel 4.3 Normwaarden contactgeluiddrukniveau tabel 5.1 Aantal meetposities voor het bepalen van de nagalmtijd tabel 5.2 Minimale afstand tussen ontvanger en obstakel tabel 6.1 SNR tabel voor klaslokalen tabel 6.2 AI weegfactor tabel 6.3 Spraakverstaanbaarheid indeling sti tabel 8.1 Meetresultaten en berekende absorptiecoëfficiënt tabel 8.2 Absorptiecoëfficiënt per leerling tabel 12.1 Beoordeling STI tabel 12.2 Overzichttabel normen en richtlijnen tabel 12.3 Toe te voegen m²aan de hand van de richtlijnen tabel 12.4 Absorberende oppervlakken per richtlijn tabel 12.5 Toe te voegen m²aan de hand van de richtlijnen tabel 12.6 Absorberende oppervlakken per richtlijn tabel 12.7 Toe te voegen m² tabel 14.1 Vermogens plafonds bij T=3°C
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figuur 3.7 Mogelijke luchtstromingen bij verschillende Archimedesgetallen figuur 3.8 Alpha-waarden betonoppervlak. in relatie tot temperatuurverschil % figuur 3.9 Schema temperatuurverloop;C warmer; figuur 3.10 Warmteverlies van warmwaterleidingen in beton & figuur 3.11 Warmtebelasting kantoorvertrek (interne warmte last + zon) ' figuur 3.12 Gemiddelde temperaturen in het kantoor vertrek zonder naregeling ( figuur 3.13 Gemiddelde temperaturen in kantoorvertrek met geregelde watertemperatuur ( figuur 3.14 Relatie tussen buitenlcuhttemperatuur en de aanvoertemperatuur (voorbeeld) figuur 3.15 breedplaatvloer %% figuur 3.16 waterleidingnet op breedplaatvloer %% figuur 3.17 bubbledeckvloer met BKA % figuur 3.18 rib-cassettevloer % figuur 3.19 Vloeropbouw % figuur 3.20 Principe tekening van een combinatie BKA en koelplafond %' figuur 3.21 Koelelement met koppeling naar BKA %' figuur 4.1 voorplanting van geluid van vertrek naar vertrek %( figuur 4.2 geluidenergie-wand figuur 4.3 Absorptiecoefficient bepaling met een staandegolf % figuur 4.4 verschillende -waarden met de zelfde NRC-50 figuur 4.5 A- B- C- D-Filter ' figuur 4.6 NR-kormmen ( figuur 5.1 Nagalmtijd figuur 5.2 Bepaling van de ruimtehoek van een vlak figuur 5.3 Bepaling van de ruimtehoek van een vlak figuur 5.4 tekening vertrek1 figuur 5.5 relatieve fout van de berekende nagalmtijd van vertrek1 figuur 5.6 tekening vertrek2 % figuur 5.7 relatieve fout van de berekende nagalmtijd van vertrek2 % figuur 5.8 Vergelijking tussen meetwaarden en berekende waarden met Sabine figuur 5.9 Vergelijking tussen meetwaarden en berekende waarden figuur 6.1 geluidsterkte van spraak op 1 m &) figuur 6.2 Spraakspectrum man/vrouw voor 4 spraakniveaus; normaal, verheffen, luid en schreeuwen.& figuur 6.3 Geluiddrukniveau rondom het hoofd & figuur 6.4 (C-50, vroeg / laat - geluid) & figuur 6.5 vergelijk ALcons en STI && figuur 7.1 nagalmtijd norm België & figuur 7.2 nagalmtijd norm Frankrijk ') figuur 7.3 nagalmtijd norm Italië ') figuur 7.4 nagalmtijd norm Italië ') figuur 7.5 nagalmtijd norm Portugal ' figuur 8.1 Verloop nagalmtijd bezet en onbezet klaslokaal ' figuur 8.2 Verbetering van STI ten gevolge van bezetting '' figuur 8.3 Afname van de nagalmtijd ten gevolge van bezetting '' figuur 9.1 positie van absorptie '( figuur 9.2 signaal-ruis verhouding () figuur 12.1 lokalen 1C_2.2 en 1C_03 (& figuur 12.2 Afmetingen klaslokaal en plafondeiland (' figuur 12.3 Verdeling van de tafels in het lokaal (' figuur 12.4 afmetingen klaslokaal en plafondeiland (( figuur 12.5 verdeling van de tafels in het klaslokaal (( figuur 12.6 Variant V2 ( figuur 12.7 Variant V3 ( figuur 12.8 Variant V4a ( figuur 12.9 enkelzijdige toekenning absorptie ( figuur 12.10 dubbelzijdige absorptie ( figuur 12.11 Doorsnede uiteindelijke model (V10c) )
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