2016 ACADEMIC YEAR THESIS

THE USE OF PHRASES IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT BY THE STUDENTS OF SMA NEGERI 1 BOYOLALI IN 2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR

THESIS Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Master Degree in Language Study at Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta

By: INTAN WIJAYANTI S200140019

POST GRADUATE SCHOOL MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA 2016

ABSTRACT INTAN WIJAYANTI, S200140019. “THE USE OF PHRASES IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT BY THE STUDENTS OF SMA NEGERI 1 BOYOLALI IN 2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR.”Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.Thesis. 2016. This research focuses on analyzingthe use of phrases in writing descriptive text by the students of sma negeri 1 boyolali 2015/2016 academic year. The objectives are to describe the students‟ ability in writing of phrases in descriptive text, to know the dominant phrase found in descriptive text made by student, and to describe the construction of phrases used by the students.This research applies descriptive qualitative method. The data and data sourcearethe phrases written by the twelfth grade students of IIS 2. The ways to collect data are by using docummentation, task, and documentation. The results of the research show that, firstly, the ability of the twelfth grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Boyolali in writing phrases of descriptive text was very good. It can be seen from the percentage of total correct phrases (92.15%) to the total incorrect phrases (7.85%). The highest incorrect phrase made by the students was on the verb phrase. They totally produced 216 verb phrases with 165 correct phrases and 51 incorrect phrases. The students used all five phrases in writing descriptive text namely noun phrase, verb phrase, adjective phrase, adverb phrase and prepositional phrase.The dominant phrase found in writing phrases of descriptive text written by the twelfth grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Boyolali was noun phrase (47.94%). The writer found many constructio of phrases made by the students in writing descriptive text with the theme of historical places. They produced 43 construction of noun phrase, two construction of verb phrase, adjective phrase of complementation, adverb phrase, and prepositional phrase.

Keywords: phrase, genre, descriptive text

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Abstrak

Penelitian ini bepusat pada menganalisa (1) Kemampuan siswa dalam menulis frase-frase dalam teks deskriptif (2) Dominan frase yang ditemukan dalam teks deskriptif yang dibuat oleh siswa (3) Kostruksi frase yang digunakan oleh siswasiswa. Penelitian ini diambil di SMA Negeri 1 Boyolali. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Subyek dari penelitian ini meliputi 320 siswa kelas duabelas dari SMA Negeri 1 Boyolali di tahun ajaran 2015/2016. Untuk alasan efisiensi, penulis hanya mengambil satu kelas yang terdir dari 31 siswa. Mereka terdiri dari 24 siswa perempuan dan 7 siswa laki-laki.. Data dan sumber data antaralain frase-frase yang ditulis oleh siswa kelas XII IIS 2 dalam menulis deskriptif teks.hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, yang pertama, kemampuan siswa kelas duabelas dari SMA Negeri 1 Boyolali dalam menulis frase-frase deskriptif teks adala sangat bagus. Hal ini bisa dilihat dari presentase darijumlah total frase yang benar (92.15%) dari total frase Yang salah (7.85%). Frase tertinggi dari frase yang salah yang dibuay oleh siswa adalah pada frase kata kerja. Mereka secara keseluruhan memproduksi 216 frase dengan jumlah 165 frase yang benar dan 51 frase yang salah. Siswa-siswa menggunakan lima seluruh 5 frase dalam menulis deskriptif teks yang bernama frase kata benda, frase kata kerja, frase kata sifat, frase keterangan, dan frase preposisi. Dominan frase yang ditemukan dalam penulisan frase dari teks deskripsi yang ditulis oleh siswa kelas duabelas dari SMA Negeri 1 Boyolali adalah frase kata benda (47.94%). Penulis menemukan banyak konstruksi dari frase-frase yang dibuat siswa dalam penulisan teks deskripsi dengan tema tempat-tempat besejarah. Mereka memproduksi 43 konstruksi dari frasekata benda, dua konstruksi kata kerja, frase kata sifat sebagai pelengkap, frase kata keterangan, dan 2 konstruksi frase preposisi.

Kata kunci: menulis, jenis teks, teks deskripsi, dan frase

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MOTTO

“Where there is a will, there are many ways” “Waktu itu bagaikan pedang, jika kamu tidak memanfaatkannya menggunakan untuk memotong, ia akan memotongmu (menggilasmu).” (HR Muslim)

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DEDICATION

This research paper is dedicated to:

Her beloved family  Her beloved friends

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT Alhamdulillahi Robbil„aalamin, praise to Allah SWT for the strength and guidance so that the writer is able to finish writing the research entitled “ The Use of Phrases in Writing Descriptive Text by The Students of SMA Negeri 1 Boyolali 2015/2016 Academic Year”. The research is completed because of advice, support, prayer from everyone. Therefore, the writer would like to express her gratitude and appreciation to: 1.

Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyati, SH, M.Hum, the Director of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,

2.

Prof. Dr. Markhamah, M.Hum, the Head of Language Study Department,

3.

Dr. Anam Sutopo, S.Pd, M.Hum. and Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.d as the consultants, who have given guidance, information, suggestion and correction patiently during the arrangement of the research.

4.

Her beloved father and mother who always give warm feeling, prayer, care, support and motivation during the writer completing this research.

5.

Her beloved husband (Arief Prastya) and son (Diandra Rafie Prastya) for everything.

6.

Her beloved brother (Bagas and Bagus) for all care, pray and support.

7.

Her respondents (students of XII IS 2) who have given their time and support.

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8.

Her closed friends (Maratina Indah, Dinar Setiyani, mbak Icha, Dian, and Nandi) for the support, help, and being very good friends.

9.

All friends of MPB Inggris Class A 2014 who have given their support and motivation (Dyah, Dewi, Hesti, Linda, Rifky, ibu Nurul, mbak Indria, mbak Linna, Nok, Hima, Tira, bang Muvid, mas Jimmy, mas Eko, mas Tono, mas Agung, and pak Danang).

10. All of her families, friends, and leturers that cannot be mentioned one by one, who have supported her. The writer realizes that this research is far from being perfect. Therefore, the writer will accept all positive and constructive criticism and suggestion.

The writer

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TABLE OF CONTENT

NOTE OF ADVISOR I...................................................................................................... i NOTE OF ADVISOR II ................................................................................................... ii APPROVAL ..................................................................................................................... iii ACCEPTANCE ................................................................................................................ iv PRONOUNCEMENT ....................................................................................................... v ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... vi MOTTO ........................................................................................................................... viii DEDICATION ............................................................................................................... viv ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................................................. ix TABLE OF CONTENT................................................................................................... xviii LIST OF FIGURE ........................................................................................................ xix ABBREVIATION ........................................................................................................ xx CHAPTER1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 1 A. Backgrounds of the Study ................................................................ 1 B. Limitation of the Study ..................................................................... 5 C. Problem Statement ............................................................................ 5 D. Objectives of the Study ..................................................................... 6 E. Benefits of the Study ......................................................................... 6 1. Theoretical Benefit ........................................................................ 6 2. Practical Benefits .......................................................................... 6 a. Students ................................................................................... 6 b. Institution ................................................................................ 7 F. Research Paper Organization .......................................................... 7 CHAPTER II UNDERLYING THEORY ...................................................................... 8 A. Previous Study ................................................................................... 8 B. Related Theory ................................................................................ 14 1. Teaching Writing ........................................................................ 14 a. The concept of teaching writing ............................................ 15 1) Choosing and narrowing a topic..................................... 16 2) Brainstorming................................................................. 17 a) Listing ...................................................................... 17

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b) Freewriting ............................................................... 18 c) Clustering ................................................................. 18 b. The writing process ............................................................... 19 1) Writing Stage 1: PREWRITING .................................... 19 2) Stage II: PLANNING ..................................................... 19 a) Making sublist .......................................................... 19 b) Writing the topic sentence ........................................ 20 c) Outlining................................................................... 20 3) Stage III: WRITING and REVISING DRAFTS ............ 20 a) Writing the first rough draft. .................................... 20 b) Revising content and organization. .......................... 21 c) Proofreading the second reading. ............................. 21 d) Writing the final copy. ............................................. 22 c. Types of writing .................................................................... 22 1) Practical Writing ............................................................ 22 2) Creative or Imaginary Writing ....................................... 22 d. Purpose of writing ................................................................. 22 1) Informative ..................................................................... 22 2) Expressive or narrative ................................................... 23 3) Persuasive....................................................................... 23 e. Requirement of good writing ................................................ 23 1) Need ............................................................................... 23 2) Verification .................................................................... 23 3) Attainable ....................................................................... 24 4) Clarity............................................................................. 24 a) Unity ......................................................................... 24 b) Coherence ................................................................. 25 2. General Concept of Genre ........................................................... 25 a. General Concept of Genre ..................................................... 25 b. Kinds of Genre ...................................................................... 26 1) Description ..................................................................... 26 2) News Item ...................................................................... 27

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3) Report ............................................................................. 27 4) Analythical Exposition ................................................... 27 5) Hortatory Exposition ...................................................... 28 6) Explanation .................................................................... 28 7) Discussion ...................................................................... 29 8) Review ........................................................................... 29 9) Procedure ....................................................................... 29 10) Recount .......................................................................... 29 11) Narrative......................................................................... 30 12) Spoof .............................................................................. 30 3. Descriptive Text .......................................................................... 30 a. Definition of Descriptive Text .............................................. 30 1) Describing Process ......................................................... 31 2) Describing and event ...................................................... 31 3) Describing a personality ................................................. 31 4) Describing a place .......................................................... 31 5) Describing an object ....................................................... 32 b. Generic Concept of Descriptive Text .................................... 32 c. Grammatical Feature of Descriptive Text ............................. 32 4. Phrases......................................................................................... 33 a. Noun Phrase .......................................................................... 34 1) The definition of Noun Phrase ....................................... 34 2) The Construction of English Noun Phrase ..................... 35 a) Determiner ................................................................ 35 b) Pre modifier .............................................................. 38 c) Post modifier ............................................................ 39 3) The Complex Noun Phrase ............................................ 40 b. Verb Phrase ........................................................................... 41 1) Definition of verb phrase ............................................... 41 c. Adjective Phrase .................................................................... 44 1) Definition of Adjective Phrase ....................................... 44 2) Classes of adjective: ....................................................... 45

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3) Characteristic of the Adjective ....................................... 45 4) Syntactic functions of adjectives .................................... 46 d. Prepositional Phrase .............................................................. 50 1) Definition of Prepositional Phrase ................................. 50 2) Preposition and Prepositional Phrase ............................. 51 3) Simple and Complex preposition ................................... 52 a. Simple prepositions .................................................. 52 b. Complex prepositions ............................................... 52 4) Syntactic function of prepositional phrase ..................... 53 C. Theoretical Framework .................................................................. 54 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ....................................................................... 56 A. Research Type ................................................................................. 56 B. Research Subject ............................................................................. 57 C. Research Object .............................................................................. 58 D. Data and Data Source ..................................................................... 58 E. Technique of Collecting Data ......................................................... 58 1. Observation ................................................................................. 58 2. Task ............................................................................................. 59 3. Documentation ............................................................................ 59 F. Data Validity.................................................................................... 60 G. Technique of Analyzing Data ......................................................... 60 CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION ............................................................. 62 A. The Students’ Ability in Writing Phrases in Descriptive Text.... 62 1. Noun phrase ................................................................................ 63 2. Verb phrase ................................................................................. 65 3. Adjective phrase .......................................................................... 66 4. Adverb phrase ............................................................................. 67 5. Prepositional phrase .................................................................... 67 B. The Dominant Phrase Found in Descriptive Text Made by the Students. ........................................................................................... 70 C. The Construction of Phrases Used by the Students. .................... 71 1. Noun Phrase ................................................................................ 71 2. Verb Phrase ................................................................................. 87

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2.1 Main verb .............................................................................. 87 a) Present tense ................................................................... 87 b) Main verb participal ....................................................... 87 c) Infinitive ......................................................................... 87 2.2 Auxiliary verb ....................................................................... 88 a) An auxiliary (be) and a main verb past participle .......... 88 b) An auxiliary (have) and a main verb past participle ...... 88 c) A modal verb and a main verb ....................................... 88 d) An auxiliary (have) and a main verb perfect passive ..... 89 3. Adjective Phrase.......................................................................... 89 4. Adverb Phrase ............................................................................. 90 a. Adverb phrase with type of prepositions ............................... 90 b. Adverb phrase made with infinitives type of purpose ........... 90 5. Prepositional Phrase .................................................................... 91 D. Discussion of Research Finding ..................................................... 91 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, SUGGESTION ............................. 96 A. Conclusion ....................................................................................... 96 B. Implication ....................................................................................... 97 C. Suggestion ........................................................................................ 97 1. For students ................................................................................. 97 2. For teacher................................................................................... 98 3. For other researchers ................................................................... 98 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................... 98 APPENDIX .................................................................................................................... 101

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LIST OF TABLE

1. TABLE 1. Students‟ name of class XII IIS 2. 2. TABLE 2. The table of phrases produced by the students. 3. TABLE 3. Types of phrases made by AP. 4. TABLE 4. Types of phrases made by AAM. 5. TABLE 5. Types of phrases made by ALW 6. TABLE 6. Types of phrases made by AA 7. TABLE 7. Types of phrases made by BP 8. TABLE 8. Types of phrases made by BFH 9. TABLE 9. Types of phrases made by CN 10. TABLE 10. Types of phrases made by DMS 11. TABLE 11. Types of phrases made by DMMP 12. TABLE 12. Types of phrases made by ESU 13. TABLE 13. Types of phrases made by EDP 14. TABLE 14. Types of phrases made by FUU 15. TABLE 15. Types of phrases made by FWFS 16. TABLE 16. Types of phrases made by FAA 17. TABLE 17. Types of phrases made by GAW 18. TABLE 18. Types of phrases made by IE 19. TABLE 19. Types of phrases made by IDP 20. TABLE 20. Types of phrases made by IHP 21. TABLE 21. Types of phrases made by INSA 22. TABLE 22. Types of phrases made by KHP 23. TABLE 23. Types of phrases made by MDC 24. TABLE 24. Types of phrases made by MN 25. TABLE 25. Types of phrases made by MAI 26. TABLE 26. Types of phrases made by NCNR 27. TABLE 27. Types of phrases made by NWP 28. TABLE 28. Types of phrases made by ONA 29. TABLE 29. Types of phrases made by PPW 30. TABLE 30. Types of phrases made by RDCS 31. TABLE 31. Types of phrases made by TKS 32. TABLE 32. Types of phrases made by TMA 33. TABLE 33. Types of phrases made by VFV

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LIST OF FIGURE 1. Figure 1. Table of phrases made by each students. 2. Figure 2. The dominant phrase found in descriptive text made by the students.

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ABBREVIATION

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Adj. P Adv. P Det. N NP Prep. P VP

: Adjective Phrase : Adverb Phrase : Determiner : Noun : Noun Phrase : Prepositional Phrase : Verb Phrase

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