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BIOETHANOL: Potensi Potensi,, Tantangan dan Hambatan dalam pemanfaatannya
CONTENT 1. 2. 3. 4.
POTENSI POTRET INDUSTRI ETHANOL PROGRAM PEMERINTAH & REALISASI MENENGOK BIOETHANOL di NEGARA LAIN 5. HAMBATAN / TANTANGAN DI LAPANGAN 6. SARAN & PEMIKIRAN JANGKA PENDEK dan JANGKA PANJANG
sebagai Substitusi BBM
UNTUNG MURDIYATMO, Ph.D. • Senior Advisor PT Molindo Raya Industrial • Chairman of Asosiasi Spiritus dan Ethanol Indonesia (ASENDO)
LAHAN
1. POTENSI
ESTIMATED LAND USAGE FOR ETHANOL FEEDSTOCK, June 2008 & 2010 (GSI Report, 2008; berdasarlan Legowo, 2008 )
Bioethanol sebagai Liquid Energy/Fuel
Feedstock CO2 Di atmosfer
Sinar Matahari
Agro Inputs : Bibit, Pupuk, dll
Air
LAHAN
Cassava
Sbg Pupuk
Sugars, Starch, Biomass Sbg Energi (FEEDSTOCKS) Bioethanol
Waste
Total
POTENCY for cassava – based ethanol development (GSI Report, 2008; berdasarkan data Dep.Pertanian Dep.Pertanian)) Activities
Units billion litres
Ethanol blend rate
%
Ethanol Substitution
billion litres
Ethanol from
billion litre
682 000
278 000
698 000
20
17 180
17 200
472 020
925 180
1 397 200
420 000
Baverage Industry
CO2
Gasoline Demand
630 000
(all end uses) Sweet sorghum (all end uses)
PERTAMINA
52 000
Planned New Total Biofuel-related Plantation, by 2010
(biofuel feedstock only)
Sugarcane
Pabrik Ethanol
Plantations, as for June 2008
2006
2007
2008
2009
POTENSI LAHAN BAHAN BAKU: 2. TEBU (asumsi (asumsi : hanya Molasses yang dijadikan Bahan Baku Ethanol)
2010
17.17
18.37
19.66
21
22.51
1%
4%
7%
10%
10%
0.17
0.735
1.375
2.100
2.25
0.14
0.59
1.1
1.7
1.8
895
3820
7150
10920
11700
38.5
161
300
458
491
5000
22000
41000
62000
66000
Asumsi : Tebu Tebu/Ha /Ha 80 ton; Molasses/Ha 3,6 ton Menurut Tabel dalam GSI Report Per 2010 luas Lahan Tebu Total 698.000 Hektare Molasses yg dihasilkan = 698.000 x 3,6 ton = 2.512.800 ton Jika semua dikonversi menjadi Ethanol sekitar 700.000.000 liter
Cassava Cassava production for Ethanol
000 tons
Land area
000 ha
Farm labour
individuals
Potensi Ethanol dari Singkong (per 2010)
1.800.000.000 liter
POTENSI JUMLAH ETHANOL DARI TEBU dan SINGKONG 2.500.000.000 L
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Pabrik Ethanol berbahan baku Tetes yang telah ada di Indonesia
2. POTRET INDUSTRI BIOETHANOL
Perusahaan Molindo Raya PASA Djatiroto Etanol Ceria Abadi
Kapasitas per Tahun 50.000 Kl 7.000 Kl 12.000 Kl
Lokasi Pabrik Malang Lumajang Jombang
Indo Acidatama Madu Baru
45 000 Kl 7 000 Kl
Solo Yogyakarta
Palimanan Japura Sarana
7 000 Kl 6 000 Kl
Indo Lampung Dist Permata Sakti Molasindo Basis Indah
60 000 5 000 3 600 5 000
Cirebon Cirebon
Kl Kl Kl Kl
Lampung Medan Medan Makasar
Di Lampung : 2 Pabrik Ethanol berbahan baku Singkong
BAHAN BAKU:
PRODUKSI TETES (MOLASSES) Jawa 2008 2008--2010 (estimasi berdasarkan jumlah Tebu Giling Giling))
1. MOLASSES (TETES) Perusahaan
Merupakan co co--product dari tebu tebu,, setelah Sukrosa (Gula Gula)) dikristalkan di PABRIK GULA) Molasses telah menjadi KOMODITI INTERNATIONAL Molasses juga digunakan oleh Industri Fermentasi Asam Amino +Derivative, dan Pakan Ternak
Peta Kebutuhan dan Permintaan Tetes (2010) Jmlh PG/Produsen Tetes
Jmlh Prosesor/ Kebutuhan
Balance (+/-)
2009
2010
307.777 265.927 142.493 19.846 79.636 815.679
227.237 235.958 125.418 18.170 60.245 667.028
306.186 246.258 149.064 22.505 61.268 785.263
Rajawali II PTPN IX PT. IGN PG Trangkil* PT Madu Baru PG. Pakis Baru JUMLAH Jateng DIY dan Jabar
67.382 107.189 141 53.094 21.818 249.624
71.085 94.713 4.435 40.163 21.224 6.712 238.332
89.881 100.581 6.767 40.845 20.937 15.762 274.773
1.065.303
905.360
1.060.036
Jumlah, JAWA
Propinsi
2008
PTPN X PTPN XI Rajawali I PG Candi PT Kebon Agung* JUMLAH Jatim
Harga Lelang Tetes Tahun 2008 (Berdasarkan data lelang tetes dari KPB Jakarta)
PULAU JAWA -
Jawa Barat
-
Jawa Tengah
-
DIY
-
Jawa Timur
5 PG/ 89.881 ton
Ethanol 2 / 49.000 ton
+ 40.881 ton
10 PG/ 148.202 ton
Ethanol 1 / 180.000 ton
-31.798 ton
1 PG/ 20.937 ton
Ethanol 1 / 21.000 ton
+ /- 0 ton
28 PG/ 785.263 ton
MSG 5 / 525.000 ton Ethanol 3 / 255.000 ton
+ 5.263 ton
+ 14.346 ton
PAKET
-
Jumlah Jawa
LUAR P. JAWA
42PG/ 1.044.283 ton
12 / 1.034.000 ton
. Sumatra Utara
2PG / 27.320 ton
Ethanol 2 / 20.000 ton
+ 7.320 ton
.Lampung/Sumsel
7 PG/ 387.611 ton
Ethanol 2 / 183.000 ton
+ 204.611 ton
.Sulawesi Selatan
3 PG / 18.244 ton
Ethanol 1 / 15.000 ton
+ 3.244 ton
Gorontalo
1 PG / 18.000 ton
0 / 0
+ 18.000 ton
Jumlah Luar Jawa
12 PG / 451.180 ton
5 Pabrik / 218.000 ton
+ 233.180 ton
Tanggal
Rata-rata (USD / ton )
Jateng
Jatim 1
Jatim 2
Jatim 3
29-Apr-2008
58,00
58,00
61,66
55,48
58,29
29-May-2008
58,10
58,10
61,75
55,47
58,36
30-Jun-2008
60,00
60,00
64,00
57,00
60,25
28-Aug-2008
63,00
63,00
67,00
60,20
63,30
18-Sep-2008
65,00
-
69,10
62,07
65,39
*Rata – rata 2008 : *Tambahan 3,5% : *Rata – rata 2008 :
61,32 2,15 63,47
2009 : Jawa Balance : defisit 167.000 ton Luar Jawa Balance : surplus 300.000 ton
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Harga Lelang Tetes Tahun 2009 ( USD / ton ) (Berdasarkan data lelang tetes dari KPB Jakarta) Luar Jawa
Perkembangan Harga Tetes
Jawa
Tanggal 1
2
3
Rata-- rata Rata
Jateng
Jatim 1
Jatim 2
Jatim 3
Rata-- rata Rata
7- Apr Apr-- 2009
96,50
91,50
90,00
92,67
125,00
125,00
115,00
-
121,67
23-- Apr 23 Apr-- 2009
-
-
-
-
120,00
124,50
122,00
115,00
120,38
7- May May-- 2009
-
-
-
-
120,00
125,00
126,00
114,50
121,38
26-- May 26 May-- 2009
-
-
-
-
119,00
126,00
132,00
118,00
123,75
9- Jun Jun-- 2009
-
-
-
-
123,00
126,50
133,00
120,00
125,63
25-- Jun 25 Jun-- 2009
-
-
-
-
127,00
127,50
135,00
122,00
127,88
*Rata – rata 2009 : *Tambahan 3,5% : *Rata – rata 2009 :
92,67 3,24 95,91
123,45 4,32 127,77
Tahun
Harga Rata-rata
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Rp. 413,-/kg Rp. 614,/kg Rp. 656,-/kg Rp. 550,-/kg Rp. 589,-/kg Rp. 1.342,-/kg US$ 115 – 203/ton
Daftar investor yang akan akan//sedang membangun pabrik Ethanol
Sebagai dampak dari kenaikan Harga Molasses thn 2009 – 2010 ada 3 Pabrik Ethanol yang berhenti berproduksi
Perusahaan PT Madusari Lampung Indah PT Medco Downstream PT Budi Acid Jaya PT Indonesia Ethanol Indust PT EN3 (Korea) PT Perkebunan Nusantara XI PT Perkebunan Nusantara X PT Ethanol Ceria Abadi PT Sampoerna Bio Energi
Lokasi Lampung Lampung Lampung Lampung Makassar Jawa Timur Jawa Timur Jawa Timur Jawa Tengah
Bahan baku & Ket. Tebu, plantation start 2011 Singkong, production 2010 Singkong, ditunda Singkong, production 2011 Singkong, ditunda Molasses, proyek dibatalkan Molasses, project start 2011 Molasses, production 2010 Singkong, Dibatalkan 2008
bo re N 2 e po 0 70 bm re seD 02 me 0 7 b re 2 aJ 0 un 70 a ir F 02 b e 80 aur ir 02 M 80 ra te 02 80 pA lir 2 0 80 M ie 02 0 8 uJ in 2 0 80
600 500 400 300 200 100 0
O tk
Produksi nasional sekitar 20 juta ton Pengguna utama : Industri Tapioka Tapioka,, Konsumsi (Makanan Makanan)) Potential for Food & Fuel Competition Harga sangat berfluktuasi berfluktuasi,, mengikuti tren harga Tapioka Internasional Produktivitas masih rendah (<20 ton/ha)
Harga Singkong
BAHAN BAKU: Singkong
Bulan
Ref aksi standard setiap bulannya : 10 – 11%
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Situasi Singkong di Lampung Terkait dengan harga Tepung Tapioka internasional internasional,, yang tendensinya dalam 5 tahun terakhir selalu NAIK Harga singkong di Lampung : - Tahun 2010 : Rp 700 – 800 /kg - Tahun 2011 : Rp 800 – 900 /kg • Suplai singkong di Lampung << Demand (Pabrik (Pabrik Tapioka + Pabrik Ethanol) Food & Fuel Competition • Karena tekanan harga dan kontinyuitas suplai suplai,, Pabrik Ethanol di Lampung ada yg melakukan switching Raw Material,, dari Singkong Molasses Material
LOSARI CONCEPT (July 2006) • Aim of the Plan : to improve energy security, boost economic
3. PROGRAM PEMERINTAH, CITA-CITA, REGULASI, dan REALISASI di Lapangan
Peraturan yang terkait dengan Ethanol sebagai Bahan Bakar Nabati
growth, create employment and reduce poverty in rural area. •These Aims would be achieved through substitution of Petroleum Fuels with domestically produced Biofuels. •The Plan envisaged bringing Millions of “Non-productive” hectares into production for biofuel feedstock cultivation. •Target : to create 3.6 million new jobs, reduce poverty rate by 16%, and lower oil imports by US$ 5 billion a year.
BIOFUEL ROADMAP (Ministry of Energy) Year Biodiesel
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Perpres No 5/2006, Kebijakan Energi Nasional Inpres No 1/2006, Penyediaan dan Pemanfaatan BBN sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternative SK Dirjen Migas No. 3674K/24/DJM/2006 PP No. 08/2007, Pembentukan Green Energy Fund Peraturan Per aturan Men Menteri teri ESDM Tahun 2009 Mandatory Bahan Bakar Nabati + lebih dari 10 Peraturan lainnya
2005-2010
2011-2015
Use of Biodiesel 2% Diesel Oil Consumpt 0.72 million KL
Use of Biodiesel 3% Diesel oil consumpt 1.5 million KL
2016-2025 Use of Biodiesel 5% diesel oil consumpt 4.7 million KL
NATIONAL BIOFUEL STANDARD
Gasohol
Biofuel
Use of Gasohol 2% gasoline consumpt 0.43 million KL
Use of Gasohol 3% gasoline consumpt 1.0 million KL
Use of Gasohol 5% gasoline consupt 2.8 million KL
Use of Biofuel 1.1 million KL
Use of Biofuel 2.5 million KL
Use of Biofuel 7.5 million KL
Use of Biofuel 4.0 juta kL
Use of Biofuel 22.0 juta kL
Presidential Regulation No 5/2006 on National Energy Policy
Biofuel
Use of Biofuel 1.7 juta kL
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Realisasi Luas Lahan & Produksi Tebu 2008 – 2010
REALISASI LUAS dan PRODUKSI SINGKONG
(AGI / Asosiasi Gula Indonesia) 2008 luas,ha
Jawa
Produksi, Ton
2009 luas,ha
Produksi, Ton
2010 luas,ha
Produksi, Ton
279.65
20.985.043
263.352
19.473.106
274.782
22.895.570
Luar Jawa
154.477
11.294.279
152.983
10.775.098
157.954
12.562.452
Indonesia
434.127
32.279.322
416.335
30.248.204
432.736
35.458.022
No available Data
Plan : 698 000 Hectares by 2010
REALISASI JUMLAH PABRIK ETHANOL YG MAMPU MEMPRODUKSI BIOETHANOL- BBN
Realisasi Pemakaian Ethanol BBN* (data ASENDO) Tahun
(Fuel Grade Ethanol) (KL) 2006
2006 Satu Pabrik 2010 Satu Pabrik
Realisasi Pemakaian Ethanol BBN
450
2007
500
2008
1342
2009
1772
2010
0
*Asumsi : Pertamina tidak mengimpor Ethanol-BBN
4. Menengok (belajar dari) Negara Lain
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USA RFS : Use of Ethanol
reaching 136 million liters in 2022 • 2000 54 Ethanol Plants, 2009 170 Ethanol Plants 29,000 jobs • 2008 : reduced 321 miilion barrel of oil import • 2008: reduced CO2 equivalent GHG of 14 million tons equivalent of removing 2.1 million cars from roadways. US Ethanol Production, 1990 - 2010
BRAZIL
14000
After 36 years PRO-ALCOOL
production
12000 10000 8000
• More than 434 Sugar/Ethanol Plants
6000 4000 2000 0
‘’90
1
3
‘’95
5
7
9
‘00
11
13
‘05
15
17
19
‘10
21
tahun
Brazil July 2011
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THAILAND Program Gasohol/Biofuel Gasohol/Biofuel dimulai 2004 1 Petro Station di komplek Istana Raja menjual Gasohol E5 Per June 2009 : Total Ethanol Plants in Operation 15, with Installed Capacity 2,275 KL/D Ethanol Plants Under Construction = 8, with Total Installed Cap. 3,420 KL/D (Per June 2009) National Target : by 2023 Ethanol production = 9,000 KL/D Per August 2009 6,981 Petro Station selling GASOHOL (E10 –Octane91; E10E10-Octane 95; E20 dan E85)
THAILAND ETHANOL PROGRAM
Price Structure of Fuel in Bangkok (June, 2011)
2004 – 2011 First National Alternative Energy Development Plan 2008 – 2022 Second National Alternative Energy Development Plan
Realization : Bioethanol Daily Production (kiloliter/day) (kiloliter/day)
Retail Price
Premium
Reguler
Gasohol
Gasoline
Gaoline
E10
E10
(Octane 95)
(Octane 91)
Octane 91
Octane 95
48.34
42.94
35.54
38.04
E20
E85
34.64
22.52
COLOMBIA : • Undang2 dibuat 2001, diberlakukan 2006 • 1 Pabrik di Th.2005 menjadi 5 Pabrik di Tahun 2009 • Sangat efisien : 1 Ha Tebu 11,12 ton Gula + 2340 liter Ethanol • Produksi Ethanol (Juta liter/tahun)
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COLOMBIA Gasohol E8 Rp 10.800/liter Premium Rp 12.700/liter
BRAZIL: Harga / liter • E25
Common • E25 High Octane • Gasoline Common • Gasoline High Oct
Rp Rp Rp Rp
9.270 9.790 13.400 14.170
“ASAHI – OKINAWA SUGARCANE RESEARCH” in Japan: has been successful to yield HIGH BIOMASS CANE (2006) •estimated DRY MATTERS yield: 37.4 tons per hectare processed into: 7.1 tons of sugar, 4300 liters of ethanol and 24 tons of bagasse •conventional cane: 17.4 tons per hectare - processed into: 6.9 tons of sugar, 1400 liters of ethanol production, 7.8 tons of bagasse •new cane yields three times as much bagasse bagasse,, which is burned to generate the energy to run a sugarsugar-ethanol plant; large amount of excess electricity can be fed into the grid •excess biomass (leaves, nonnon-crushed stalks) to be mixed with manure used as organic fertilizer
Learning from other countries SUGARCANE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
In allall-over the world believe that SUGARCANE is one of the most efficient plant in absorbing solar energy, then converting it into SUGAR & BIOMASS AGRI--BIOTECH Companies collaborate AGRI with RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS / UNIV racing to produce HIGH SUGAR /BIOMASS CANE
Syngenta Starts Research Partnership in Australia for Sugarcane Biomass Conversion to Biofuels By: Syngenta via PR Newswire Posted on October 22, 2007 at 00:00 AM EDT BASEL, Switzerland and BRISBANE, Australia, Oct. 22 /PRNewswire/
•Syngenta announced today that it has agreed a research partnership in Australia that focuses on the development of cost effective conversion of sugarcane bagasse to biofuels biofuels,, including the delivery of plant plant--expressed enzymes.. The research partners are the Queensland University of enzymes Technology (QUT), its technology transfer and commercialization company qutbluebox and the Australian agbiotech company Farmacule BioIndustries.. A new Syngenta Centre for Sugarcane Biofuel Development BioIndustries will be established at QUT's campus in Brisbane, Australia •Under the collaboration agreement Syngenta will have exclusive global marketing rights for the products, excluding for Australia, New Zealand and Pacific islands, where rights are held by the other project partners partners.. Syngenta can also use the developed technologies in other crops crops.. The Syngenta Centre for Sugarcane Biofuel Development will commence operations immediately immediately.. in Brisbane, Australia Australia..
Energy Cane Research Leadership USDA--ARS Sugarcane Research Unit (SRU); Houma, La. USDA Joint Press Release August 4, 2009 CTC – Centro de Tecnologia Canavieira – and BASF enter technical cooperation agreement in sugarcane German--based BASF and Brazilian research center enter cooperation in German plant biotechnology Focus on development of genetically modified sugarcane varieties for the Brazilian market with drought tolerance and 25 percent higher yields Piracicaba (SP, Brazil), August 4, 2009 –
CTC – Centro de Tecnologia Canavieira Canavieira--Brazil & BASF announced today a cooperation agreement in plant biotechnology. The companies are combining their competencies in sugarcane breeding and biotechnology with the aim of bringing sugarcane growers higherhigher-yielding and drought--tolerant sugarcane varieties. The goal is to bring sugarcane varieties drought with yield increases of 25 percent to the market within about the next decade. This would result in an almost unprecedented jump in productivity for any crop.
Mission Statement To provide researchresearch-based solutions that enhance the viability of sugar cane as a sugar and/or biofuels feedstock through the development of improved varieties and environmentally friendly production strategies .
Research Accomplishments/Strengths: • The major emphasis of the SRU’s breeding program is the development of high yielding, disease and insect resistant, cold tolerant, good ratooning varieties that are adapted to low organic matter mineral soils. • The SRU’s photoperiod/crossing facilities will be tripled in 2010 as a result of congressional appropriations. • The SRU and its two Louisiana partners released three energy cane varieties in 2007 and will release another variety in 2010. • Human
Resource : 12 Ph.D. holders involved in these Research Program
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1. Kendala BAHAN BAKU
5. KENDALA dan TANTANGAN
KENDALA OPERASIONAL PROYEK BARU Investor mengalami banyak kesulitan dalam memperoleh lahan Sistem insentif belum efektif
Utk Existing Plant : Fluktuasi harga dan Suplai Utk Pengembangan Pabrik Baru : LAHAN Produktivitas Bahan Baku rendah 2. Kendala Pabrikasi : Efisiensi Fermentasi Fermentasi,, Efisiensi Energi 3. KENDALA Fundamental : R & D
6. SARAN dan PEMIKIRAN JANGKA PENDEK • Mengingat Program BBN mengemban amanat Pro Job, Job, Pro Poor,, Pro Lingkungan Poor Lingkungan,, dan Pro Pengurangan Impor BBM BBM,, sudah semestinya semua Kementrian dan Badan Negara Stakeholder BBN segera MENYATUKAN VISI DALAM MEREVITALISASI PROGRAM BBN, BBN, kemudian masing masing--masing mengimplementasikannya dalam bentuk KEBIJAKAN dan TINDAKAN OPERASIONAL / MEMBUMI, sehingga HAMBATAN RIEL yang dihadapi dapat segera diatasi diatasi.. • Pemerintah menugaskan secara khusus Kementrian Kementrian--2 BUMN, Keuangan,, dan ESDM untuk segera meng Keuangan meng--upgrade Pabrik Pabrik--2 Ethanol milik BUMN menjadi Pabrik Bioethanol BBN, serta Pertamina untuk membeli dan mendistribusikan Bioethanol BBN produksi BUMN
Saran dan Pemikiran JANGKA PENDEK Pemerintah menugaskan Kementrian dan Badan yang terkait dengan INVENTARISASI LAHAN TIDUR, agar segera membuat Kebijakan yang membumi untuk memfasilitasi (MEMPERMUDAH) Investor dalam mengakses /mendapatkan LAHAN sebagai sumberdaya untuk produksi Bahan Baku BBN Perlu dibuka SATU PINTU Komunikasi secara intens dan transparan antara Pemerintah dan Investor dalam merealisasikan Program BBN
JANGKA PANJANG (tetapi (tetapi harus dimulai sekarang sekarang)) • Keseriusan dalam Kebijakan R&D (Komitmen (Komitmen pembiayaan Jangka Panjang,, dan Fokus pada BBN) khususnya Riset kearah PLANT Panjang PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT
Semoga di HARI PAHLAWAN ini, kita dapat meniru SEMANGAT PARA PAHLAWAN untuk tetap berjuang mewujudkan Cita-cita “LOSARI PLAN” yang merupakan Fondasi Program BBN, demi mengemban amanat - PRO-JOB - PRO-POOR - PRO-LINGKUNGAN - PENGURANGAN IMPOR MINYAK
TERIMAKASIH
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