Warmteproductie en -verdeling

Warmteproductie en -verdeling 17/03/2011

Inhoud Inleiding: ketels en toepassingen Stoom en alternatieve warmte-dragers

Stoom-opwekking: verliezen en rendementen “Checklist”

Stoom-netten Diverse themas

Cases Diverse themas

2

21/03/2011

Warmteproductie en -verdeling

Ketels en toepassingen

INLEIDING

3

21/03/2011


Stoomketels: verschillende types Vlampijp Waterpijp Stoomgenerator Thermische olieketels Warmwaterketels …WHB(waste heat boilers)

4

21/03/2011


Stoomketels

5

21/03/2011


Stoomgenerator Saturated “wet” steam …up to 20…25T/h…

6

21/03/2011


Warm waterketels

7

21/03/2011


Turbulators

8

21/03/2011


Boiler capacity distribution

9

Capacity

Number

Main Type

< 3T/h

<1000

Generator

3-20T/h

>1000

Flame-pipe

20-<<50T/h 50-100

Mix

>50T/h

Water-pipe

21/03/2011

250


9

Eigenschappen, basisbegrippen thermodynamica

STOOM EN ANDERE WARMTEDRAGERS 10

21/03/2011


Water / steam / thermal oil Water: … eerder lagere temperaturen (<< 180°C)

Thermische olie: … voor hoge temperaturen (>> 200°C)

Stoom: aspecten… 11

temperaturen (>150 – 250°C) … Waterbehandeling en condensaatretour nodig Hoge warmteoverdracht van condenserende stoom Gemakkelijke regeling Grote warmte-inhoud Veiligheid : PED , … 21/03/2011


Water / steam / thermal oil (2)

12

21/03/2011


Properties of steam at 10bar(g)…Mollier…CritP Density

5,64 kg/m3

Volume

0,177 m3/kg

Internal Energy

2586 kJ/kg

Enthalpy

2781 kJ/kg

Entropy

6,552 J/g*K

Cv

1,955 J/g*K

Cp

2,765 J/g*K

Sound Spd.

501,8 m/s

Joule-Thomson

2,837 K/bar

Viscosity

1,52E-05 Pa*s

Therm. Cond.

13

Tsat(°C) = 100 x (Pbar)exp(1/ 4de) + 2°C

21/03/2011

0,0372 W/m*K


Properties of steam at 10bar(g) ….turbulence…. Density

5,64 kg/m3

Volume

0,177 m3/kg

Internal Energy

2586 kJ/kg

Enthalpy

2781 kJ/kg

Entropy

6,552 J/g*K

Cv

1,955 J/g*K

Cp

2,765 J/g*K

Sound Spd.

501,8 m/s

Joule-Thomson

2,837 K/bar

Viscosity

1,52E-05 Pa*s

Therm. Cond.

0,0372 W/m*K

bvb.: Re >> turbulent flow Stoom op 10 bar(g) V = 30 m/s L = ø = 10 mm Re = 5,64 * 30 * 0,010 / 1,52E-5 = 1,11E+5

14

21/03/2011


15

21/03/2011


16

21/03/2011


http://www.ohio.edu/mechanical/thermo/applied/ chapt.7_11/SteamPlant/ph_water.gif

17

21/03/2011


P/h-diagram

18

21/03/2011


Verliezen en rendementen

OPWEKKING VAN STOOM

19

21/03/2011


Ketelhuis: verliezen bij stoomproductie Rookgasverliezen (10 à 20% CBW) Onverbrande in rookgas …C/CO… Wandverliezen : (0,5 à 2% van het nominaal ketelvermogen) Inwendige verliezen … stilstandverliezen/lek… Spuiverliezen/lekken ( ~ 1% ; ifv make-up water) 20

21/03/2011


Ketelhuis- versus verbrandings-rendement Afhankelijk van Luchtovermaat Rookgastemperatuur Omgevingstemperatuur

Rigoureuze berekening met warmtecapaciteiten: DGS-rekentool of benadering met Siegert-formules

21

21/03/2011


DGS-rekentool verbranding

22

21/03/2011


Rookgasverliezen: Siegertformules “Siegert” voor verscheidene brandstoffen Tr = rookgastemperatuur To = verbrandingsluchttemperatuur %CO2 = CO2-gehalte rookgassen

“Siegert” indien aardgas

k = brandstofparameter Aardgas: 0,467 Gasolie: 0,528 Zware olie: 0,607 Steenkool: 0,700

L-gas

H-gas

⎛ 38,5 ⎞ ⎛ Tf − Ta ⎞ [% Hi] + 0,87 ⎟ ⎜ Qf = ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ CO 2 ⎠ ⎝ 100 ⎠

⎛ 39 ⎞⎛ Tf − Ta ⎞ [% Hi] + 0,86 ⎟⎜ Qf = ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ CO 2 ⎠⎝ 100 ⎠

Beiden − 68 ⎛ + 0,87 ⎞⎟⎛⎜Tf Ta ⎞⎟ [% Hi] Qf = ⎜ ⎝ 21 −O 2drg ⎠⎝ 100 ⎠

23

21/03/2011


Rookgasverliezen: Siegertformules - voorbeeld “Siegert” voor aardgas

k = 0,467 Tr= 200°C T°= 20°C CO² ~ +/-9%... Qf= ……… in NCV

“Siegert” voor aardgas

[% Hi] Tr = rookgastemperatuur To = verbrandingsluchttemperatuur %CO2 = CO2-gehalte rookgassen k = brandstofparameter “multi-point” Aardgas: 0,467 avg Gasolie: 0,528 avg Zware fuelolie: 0,607 avg Steenkool: 0,700 avg

− 68 ⎛ + 0,87 ⎞⎟⎛⎜Tf Ta ⎞⎟ Qf = ⎜ ⎝ 21 −O 2drg ⎠⎝ 100 ⎠

… O² ~ 2% (dr rg) Qf= ……….. in NCV

24

21/03/2011


Lay-out en verliezen

STOOMNETTEN

25

21/03/2011


DGS Stoommodel (…. enkel illustratief!)

26

21/03/2011


Estimation of Losses Radiation Losses ~ 5 à 10W/m²/K X Emissivity-factor …..typical 0,5-1% of nominal power

Example radiation loss… 5MW X 0,5% = 25kWh/h … X 8760h/y = 250MWh/y

27

21/03/2011


Estimation of Losses Convective Losses Alfa ~ 10 à 15W/m²/K …..typical 0,5% of nominal power

Example convective loss… 5MW X 0,5% = 25kWh/h … X 8760h/y = 250MWh/y Example for area of 10m² DT 100-200°C 10-15 W/m²/K Results in +/- 25 kWh/h permanent losses 28

21/03/2011


Thema - Flame-emissivity (εf) : gas versus liquid

29

21/03/2011



30

21/03/2011



31

21/03/2011


Thema – heat-recup-capacity … in flue gases

32

21/03/2011


Thema – heat-recup-capacity … sensible heat

33

21/03/2011


Thema – formula … ventilator/fan…

34

21/03/2011


Thema – formula…compression…

35

21/03/2011


Thema – formula …pump….

36

21/03/2011


37

21/03/2011


38

21/03/2011


Lay-out en verliezen

STOOMNETTEN

39

21/03/2011


Steamgrid: …Cascade of losses…”multiplier”

40

21/03/2011


Steamgrid : parts of a grid …. Hardware…

System-boundary & “tearing” is very important... 41

21/03/2011


41

Example : levels of study/equipment…softwares 93°C 391 kJ/kg 19,6 t/h 100°C 418 kJ/kg

16,2 t/h Ketel 1 Vermogen 11370 kW Efficientie 92,0%

5,6 t/h

16,0 t/h

8,0 t/h ontluchter 14,0 t/h 15°C 66 kJ/kg

Spui 1% 0,2 t/h

28,3 t/h Ketel 2 Vermogen 19898 kW Efficientie 93,5%

99,5 t/h (preces + let down) Spui 1% 0,3 t/h

28,0 t/h HPS 1 oververhit 35,0 bara 290°C 2949 kJ/kg

1,1 t/h Verliezen 0,7 t/h 497 kW

0,1 t/h desuperheater Proces 1 95,0 t/h -63537 kW

34,2 t/h Turbine η=65,0% P=4000 kW ON/OFF

1,2 t/h

26,2 t/h 130,0 t/h 90°C 380 kJ/kg

Processen 70,0 t/h 46817 kW

HPS 2 verzadigd 20,0 bara 212°C 2799 kJ/kg

0,4 t/h desuperheater

214°C 2832 kJ/kg 34,2 t/h 15,0 bara

utilities 4,0 t/h -2629 kW

0,1 t/h 26,6 t/h

34,2 t/h

4,8 t/h Processen 60,0 t/h 39428 kW

42

21/03/2011

η=97,5% P=3900 kW ON

HPS 3 verzadigd 6,0 bara 159°C 2757 kJ/kg


42

Revaporisation-steam (“flash” , “revap”) : ….

43

21/03/2011


Revaporisation-steam : principle Mass- and Heat-balance “in - stock = out + stock” Mcond = Mvap + Mwat Mc.Hc = Mvap.Hvap + Mwat.Hwat %Mvap/Mcond = (Hcond-Hwat/Hvap-Hwat)

44

21/03/2011


Revaporisation-steam : example calculation

45

21/03/2011


Grid-aspects Header-pressure Pressure levels P higher… V lower , Dp lower , T higher , Losses higher,…

P lower… V higher, Dp higher , Tlower , Losses lower , Tfg …

“Volume” of header-vessel… Steam content of header-buffer with floating pressure… Buffer : “dry” buffer (versus “wet” buffer) Line-pack… Envelope…

46

21/03/2011


Grid-aspects Topology of grid…

Header+Antenna shape Loop/ring-shape Star-shape …

Plot-plan/location

HP/HT parts LP/LT parts Buidings …

Neighbours…Clustering/integration/…peakshaving… 47

21/03/2011


Dimensioneren van leidingen Drukverliezen Bepalen dimensionering van de leiding : L en D Kan indirect via bvb stroomsnelheden

“Overtollige” leidingen Periodiek evalueren waar niet-gebruikte leidingen liggen Loskoppelen van het net (opgelet : valven lekken ….)

Warmteverliezen Directe schatting Indirecte schatting Focus van wat volgt….

48

21/03/2011


Thema: Velocities in piping…by experience… Steam 10 – 15 m/s

< 10 bar

15 – 20 m/s

< 40 bar

20 – 40 m/s

< 125 bar

30 – 60 m/s

Condensate

1 – 2 m/s

Boiler feedwater

0.5 – 1 m/s

Hotwater system

2 – 3 m/s

Fuel oil

49

< 2 bar

Suction

0.1 – 0.3 m/s

Other

0.2 – 0.5 m/s

Propane/butane

< 40 m/s

Flue gases

< 15 m/s

21/03/2011


Thema: Drukval in stoomleidingen D’Arcy equation

50

21/03/2011


Thema: drukval in stoomleidingen (2) Rekenvoorbeeld Stoom op 10 bar(g) L = 100 m u = 30 m/s g = 9.81 m/s² D = 0.100 m f = ? (Moody chart) ks = 0.000045 m (voor ‘commercial steel pipe’) ks/D = 0.00045 Re = 5,64 * 30 * 0,100 / 1,52E-5 = 1,11E+6 f ≈ 0.0043 hf = 789 m ∆p = 0,44bar

51

21/03/2011


Thema: drukval in stoomleidingen (3) Alternatieve D’Arcy vergelijking (ten Hagen & Stam)

∆p = drukval [Pa] λ = wrijvingsfactor [-] L = leidinglengte [m] u = stroomsnelheid [m/s] D = inwendige diameter [m] ρ = dichtheid [kg/m³]

Met toeslag voor afsluiters en bochten

52

21/03/2011


Thema: drukval in stoomleidingen (4) Rekenvoorbeeld Stoom op 16 bar(g) L = 50 m u = 28 m/s (~1200kg/u) D = 0,050 m ρ = 6,3 kg/m³

k

2 bochten, 1 klep, 1 terugslagklep k=? k(leiding) = 20 (λ = 0,02 - Eberle) k(bocht) = 0,28 k(klep) = 4,5 k(terugslagklep) = 3,3 k = 28 ∆p = 28 * 28²/2 * 6,3 = 70 000 Pa = 0,7 bar

53

21/03/2011


Thema: drukval in appendages

54

21/03/2011


Thema: drukval in header (5)…richtwaardes… Richtwaarde grote/HP-MP-LP netten <0.1bar / 100m in een header Voldoende oververhitting DT… Regelingen per drukniveau… Let-down en “ont-oververhitting”

Richtwaarde MP/LP netten 0.5-1bar Dp-max in net tussen “vooraan/achteraan” …regelingen ketelhuis in een band 0.5bar …

Ketelregelingen Base-load in flowcontrol FC Variable load in pressurecontrol PC 55

21/03/2011


Thema: sizing of steam-valves (Cv…Kv) Critical expansion : Po= Pi/2 Subcritical Po>Pi/2 Supercritical Po
Pi

G= kv x sqrt ( 1000 x Dp / V) G (kg/h) Dp = Pi-Po (bar) V (kg/m³)

Kv100… Kv100 = 2 x Kvcalc Kv100 = 1,3 x Kvmax “100” is full travelling

56

21/03/2011


P°

Thema: “wet”-buffer (1) …in batch process…sudden peaks in demand…

57

21/03/2011


Thema: wet buffer (3) …both LP and HP peaks…

58

21/03/2011


Thema: wet buffer (3) …control for varying LP load…

59

21/03/2011


Theme Heat Loss : How to calculate heat loss

Depends on insulation material Depends on environmental conditions, difficult to model ÆAverages based on experience

60

21/03/2011


Theme Heat Loss : Example

2 bar(a), 120°C Ø 150 mm (6”) 60 mm insulation (λ = 0,045 W/mK) Î Q = 48 W/m (cf. 620 W/m without insulation) 61

21/03/2011


Theme Heat Loss : flanges & valves Moeilijk te kwantificeren (oppervlakte bvb.)

Via equivalente leiding-lengte “Le”

Eenvoudige benadering: 1 m equivalente buis voor 1 kraan 0,5 m equivalente buis voor 1 flenzenpaar

62

21/03/2011


Theme Heat Loss : Optimal isolation

63

21/03/2011


Distrigas Gas Services-tabel

64

21/03/2011


Spirax Sarco-tabels

65

21/03/2011


VDI-graphs

66

21/03/2011


Theme Heat Loss : …. via regressie-analyse+…

67

21/03/2011


Theme Heat Loss : …. via regressie-analyse+…

68

21/03/2011


CHECKLIST, CASES & THEMA’S 69

21/03/2011


Overview of energy-saving techniques (partly) Production Opex

Reduce excess air

Distribution

Avoid excessive steam consumption

Check for steam plumes

Combustion air below ceiling

Application

Restore insulation after repair

Combustion air from compressors Send purge flash Controlled steam to feed tank condensate injection

Manex

Correct boiler sizing

Steam trap control program

Boiler maintenance Water treatment vs. purge Reduce steam pressure Economiser

Insulation maintenance Shut down unnecessary parts

Use purge heat

Capex

Measure steam consumption

Decentralised production

Condensor

Combustion air preheater Modulating burner Oxygen probe

Insulate piping

Condensate recuperation High-pressure condensate Use flash steam recuperation

Insulate flanges & valves

Mechanical vapour recompression

Boiler insulation

Innex

70

21/03/2011

Cogen

CO probe

Direct gas applications

Use residual process heat


Energiebesparing in netwerken (partly) Technische fiches: (bron VITO-emis) Economiser voor voorverwarming van voedingswater Luchtvoorverwarmer Regelmatige verwijdering van aanslag op de waterzijdige kant van de productieketels Minimaliseren van de ketelspui Warmterecuperatie uit de spuiverliezen Verliezen door intermitterend gebruik van de ketel minimaliseren Hoge druk stoomketels en tegendrukstoomturbines voor productie van elektriciteit of voor roterende installaties Een controle- en reparatieprogramma voor condenspotten Isolatie van stoomleidingen en condensaatretourleidingen Verwijderbare isolerende schalen op kranen en kleppen Opvang van condensaat en hergebruik in het ketelhuis Hergebruik van flash stoom Gebruik van flash stoom op de site zelf of door condensaatrecuperatie op onderdruk …

71

21/03/2011


Checklist … “idea brainstorming” (partly) … see 3 pages hand-out

“OPEX” : operational excellence ….”good housekeeping”

“MANEX” : management exposure…procedureel

“CAPEX” : capital/capacity expense

“INNEX” : innovative experiences 72

21/03/2011


Checklist … “idea brainstorming” (partly) SS/DS…supply-side & demand-side Back-up? Standby : hot? Semi-warm? Cold?

Profile info in “crossed grid”

Seasonal? Summer-winter? Hourly max-peak? Min/Max Week/weekend

Segregation of influences Process versus non-process Are all processes “lumped” together? °Days-dependant versus non-°Days-dependant 73

21/03/2011


Case: Eliminating a branch of a steamgrid Administratieve gebouwen Æ decentralisatie

74

21/03/2011


Case: monotone cumulatif curve (1)

75

21/03/2011


Case: monotone cumulatif curve (2) Heat Demand (MWh/h)

8760 Number of hours/year

76

21/03/2011


Case: renovatie stookplaats

Standby

Standby

Gemiddelde ketelbelasting van ~31% Specifiek verbruik 850 kWh / ton stoom

77

21/03/2011


Case: renovatie stookplaats

economiser

luvo

condensor

10 à 15% lager gasverbruik Specifiek verbruik < 750 kWh / ton stoom 78

21/03/2011


Thema: warmterecuperatie

Uit: Elsevier, Energiezakboek

79

21/03/2011


Thema: Data mining (1)

80

21/03/2011


Thema: Data mining (2) “Stoom/Dtsl/coating” Real and calculated consumption ‐ 88% Base 140°C ‐ 12% Base 16,5°C 7000

Real

Monthly consumption [MWh]

6000 5000 4000

Least square error: HT + LT

3000 2000 1000 0

81

Dec/09

Jan/10

Feb/10

Mar/10

Apr/10

May/10

Jun/10

Jul/10

Aug/10

Sep/10

Oct/10

Nov/10

Dec/09

Jan/10

Feb/10

Mar/10

Apr/10

May/10

Jun/10

Jul/10

Aug/10

Sep/10

Oct/10

Nov/10

Real monthly consumption [MWh]

5685

6063

5640

5971

5018

4885

4358

4316

4157

4515

4961

5730

Calculated total consumption [MWh]

5974

6448

5447

5566

4951

4876

4298

4204

4388

4620

5208

5317

Calc. consumption @ 140°C [MWh]

4866

5026

4412

4726

4418

4491

4144

4153

4291

4310

4609

4552

Calc. consumption @ 16,5°C [MWh]

1108

1422

1035

841

533

385

155

51

97

310

599

765

21/03/2011



82

21/03/2011


Thema: Data mining (4) oxygen in fluegases

Grote vlam

Brander uit (on-off regeling)

Kleine vlam

Kleine vlam Grote vlam

83

21/03/2011

Brander uit (on-off regeling)



Histogram ‐ hourly gas consumption 16,0% 14,0%

Frequency

12,0% 10,0% 8,0% 6,0% 4,0% 2,0%

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,5 6 6,5 7 7,5 8 8,5 9 9,5 10 10,5 11 11,5 12 12,5 13 13,5 14 14,5 More

0,0%

Energy [MWh]

84

21/03/2011


Thema: waterbehandeling vs. spui

85

21/03/2011


Thema: Condenspotcontrole (1) Na 3 tot 5 jaar: 30% van de condenspotten defect Jaarlijkse controle kan dit verminderen tot < 5% Bij hoge stoomdruk: automatische controle

Hoeveel stoom gaat verloren?

86

21/03/2011


Thema: condenspotcontrole (2)

Bron: “Energiebesparing in stoomnetwerken”, VITO - 2008

87

21/03/2011


Thema: condenspotcontrole (3) Technologie:…”cardiologie”… …ultrasound… …memory-space…

88

21/03/2011



89

21/03/2011



90

21/03/2011


Thema: pitot/anubar…how to measure…

91

21/03/2011



92

21/03/2011



93

21/03/2011


Thema: practicalities…

Uit: Spirax Sarco

94

21/03/2011


Theme: drying and flash-steam and MVR…

Uit: Elsevier, Energiezakboek

95

21/03/2011


Theme: heat-exchangers…. .

Capacity of HEX/WW

.

Voelbare warmte : Q = m cp (TH – TL) Bij verdamping/condensatie: Q = m ∆Hlg (@ Tlg )

Design of HEX/WW Q= U.A.DT… …

Minimal/typical ∆T: pinch…. Faseovergang

∆Tmin ≈ 5°C

Vloeistof – vloeistof

∆Tmin ≈ 10°C

Vloeistof – gas

96

21/03/2011

∆Tmin ≈ 15°C

Gas – gas

∆Tmin ≈ 25°C

Rookgassen

∆Tmin ≈ 50°C


Thema: kost van een ton stoom (1) Brandstof (ca. 80-90%) Afschrijving van het ketelhuis , ketel , netten , … Water en waterbehandeling+chemicaliën Elektriciteit (ventilatie , compressie) Onderhoud (inspectie , bemanning , …) …

97

21/03/2011


Thema: kost van een ton stoom (2) Vaste kosten (~20%)

Brandstof : wandverliezen en distributieverliezen Water-verliezen Afschrijving van het ketelhuis/netten/… Onderhoud/toezicht/inspectie/…

Variabele kosten ( ~80%) Brandstof voor (nuttige?) stoom Water en waterbehandeling Elektriciteit (BFW , luchtfan & ventilatie)

…Marginale kost (…dus van extra 1T stoom): …neem het verbrandingsrendement, niet het ketelrendement , niet het ketelhuis-rendement 98

21/03/2011


Thema: practicalities…leaks in a grid…

Uit: Spirax Sarco

99

21/03/2011


Thema: data collection - Natural Gas Natural Gas • Flow-metering: • Temperature: • Pressure:

Gasflowmeter 100

21/03/2011

gasflowmeters, average pitot-tube thermocouple – pt100 probe

Average pitot-tube Warmteproductie en -verdeling

Thema: data collection - Fluegas Flue-gases •

analyzers: CO2, CO, O2, NOx, SOx,…

… Evolution =>

101

21/03/2011


Thema: data collection - Loss visualization Loss visualization • • •

102

IR Camera Temperature: thermocouple – pt100 Via metering campaign: regime vs transients

21/03/2011


Thema: data collection - Product output Production output • • • • •

Flow-metering: Temperature: Pressure: Humidity: Factory input:

gasflowmeters, average pitot-tube thermocouple – pt100 annubar probe (Pitot-type) probe (RH,T) excel sheet with production data (m2, kg,…)

• • •

103

Flow-metering

21/03/2011

• •

Client:output product (m²,kg,°C,…)

Client:output product (m²,kg,°C,…)


Thema: data collection - Logging Logging • • • •

Pulse, signals, thermocouples (Wireless) Radiocommunication between stations Accessible by mobile phone, blue tooth (hand-held) Software for trending & analysis

Client

GSM

GSM

Linkebeek 104

21/03/2011


Remember “Hotspot”- generation first! Flame/fuel first …. Low exergy comes after that ….pinching

Valorisation of steam in grid first! …is not cost of steam …several optimisations

Heat/pressure/water : zero “leaks” in grid! Integration/location/clustering “Loss control” : Think : radiation/convection/conduction

See checklists/brainstorms/sources 105

…and externals.. 21/03/2011


Conclusie Stoom = het bloed van uw process/fabriek

Schouw = de adem van uw fabriek

Meten is weten = Eerste-lijns-zorg voor uw process = Hulp van “derden” …Distrigas kan misschien helpen… …”vreemde ogen dwingen”…

106

21/03/2011


Sources & bibliography Perry’s chemical engineers’ handbook Ten Hagen & Stam – “Stoom” VITO-emis Spirax Sarco Elsevier Energie zakboek Eni-Distrigas … 107

21/03/2011


Distrigas

BEDRIJFSINFO

108

21/03/2011


Distrigas Activiteiten: Aardgasverkoop: 183 TWh in 2009 Verkoop en transport van LNG

Meer dan 75 jaar actief Uitvalsbasis: België Onderdeel van Eni sinds 2009

109

21/03/2011


Distrigas Gas Services Ondersteuning bij optimaal gebruik van aardgas Vier formules

Thermal scan

Process metering

Process advice

REG

Training

110

21/03/2011


Distrigas Gas Services

Onze troeven 25 jaar ervaring

In de sector van aardgastechnologie en –verbruiksprocessen

Honderden meetcampagnes voor energie en milieu bij industriële klanten

Meer dan 1000 adviesopdrachten

rond Rationeel Energiegebuik (REG) en veiligheid

111

21/03/2011


Distrigas Gas Services – Tools & focus Environment & emissions Cogeneration simulation

Steam model

Dryer model

Furnace analysis

Combustion model

Metering & Data treatment

112

21/03/2011


Distrigas Gas Services – Metering Capabilities Fluid

P

T Q max bar max °C max “

Environmental

Humidity & Other VOC

Dust

Soots

Steam

<56

420

<12”

-

-

-

-

-

Condensate

<56

<400

-

-

-

-

-

-

Water (boiler feed & other)

<56

<400

Y

-

-

-

-

-

Hot Thermal Oils

Y

<160

1”30”

Cooling Water

Y

Y

Y(**)

-

-

-

-

-

Gaseous Fluids (N2, NG, others)

20

<200

Y

-

-

-

-

-

Flue-gasses

Y

<1200

Y

[Nox,CO,CO2,VOC,Dust]

Y

Y

Y

Y

LFO

Y

Y

Y

-

-

-

-

-

HFO

Y

Y

Y

-

-

-

-

-

Various other hydrocarbons

Y

Y

Some (*)

-

-

-

-

-

Hydrocarbons

Special methods: A.Temperature B.Flow

Infrared Thermography Pyrometry * Volume displacement counters (Q pumps) ** Ultrasonic (non invasive) metering

C.Annubars

D<4” --> ½” nipple Annubar + NPT thread D>=4” --> 1” nipple Annuar + NPT thread minimum signal dP > 20mm H2O – column Signal dP: range 0-600 mmH2O-column range 0-6000 mmH2O-column

113

21/03/2011


Vragen?

Pieter Jan Jordens --Guy Verkest/Steven Bettens Distrigas nv/sa Distrigas Gas Services Guimardstraat 1A B-1040 Brussel [email protected] Tel.: +32 (0)2 557 32 47 GSM : +32 (0)4 98 74 51 37

114

21/03/2011


Distrigas in a nutshell September 2010

1

116

Who are we

2

Natural Gas Sales

3

Gas Services

4

Natural Gas Supply

5

LNG Trade & Shipping

21/03/2011


Gas Sales 17.3 billion m³/y *

LNG trade & shipping

23% 33%

14% 10%

Resellers Power generation Industry Outside Belgium Arbitrage

20%

Keep 5% in growing European market

Diversify and optimise our portfolio

* Natural gas sales 2009

117

21/03/2011


Shareholder structure Eni

Eni Gas & Power Belgium sa

100 %

- 1 share

Belgian State 1 golden share

118

21/03/2011


Eni in a nutshell Eni is one of the most important integrated energy companies in the world operating in oil and gas, electricity generation and sale, petrochemical, oilfield services construction and engineering industries. In these businesses it has a strong edge and leading international market position. -> Eni is the 7th oil company of the world -> Eni is the first gas company in Europe

Eni is active in 77 countries with a staff of more than 78,400 employees.

119

21/03/2011


1

120

Who are we

2

Natural Gas Sales

3

Gas Services

4

Natural Gas Supply

5


21/03/2011


A true European gas merchant Gas Sales: 17.3 billion m³ (183.1 TWh)*

23% 36% 33%

14% 10%

Resellers Power generation Industry Outside Belgium Arbitrage

20%

* Natural gas sales 2009

121

21/03/2011


Business Overview: Consolidation of our sales positions

Strong position on the European market: Belgium the Netherlands Luxembourg

NBP ZB

+ in cooperation with Eni France Germany Spain, UK

122

21/03/2011


1

123

Who are we

2

Natural Gas Sales

3

Gas Services

4

Natural Gas Supply

5


21/03/2011


Distrigas Gas Services Four customized services:

124

Thermal scan Process metering Process advice Training

21/03/2011


1

125

Who are we

2

Natural Gas Sales

3

Gas Services

4

Natural Gas Supply

5


21/03/2011


Experience in securing the long-term supply Long-term supply diversification Geographic diversification “Pipeline gas” and LNG

Portfolio optimization Major player on Zeebrugge hub and NBP Optimization of sourcing cost Optimal use of contract flexibility

126

21/03/2011


Business Overview Continued diversification of our sourcing Norway 12%

Norway

17%

39%

Netherlands Qatar Short Term

Netherlands 32%

2009

Qatar 127

21/03/2011


1

128

Who are we

2

Natural Gas Sales

3

Gas Services

4

Natural Gas Supply

5


21/03/2011


LNG = Liquefied Natural Gas LNG is the same natural gas used for heating and power generation, only in a different form When chilled to -161 degrees Celsius, natural gas liquefies and reduces to 1/600th of its original volume Liquefaction allows large quantities of natural gas to be transported and stored efficiently and economically

129

21/03/2011


The LNG chain

Marketing & Distribution

Supply

Local Local distribution distribution companies companies

Industry Industry Power Power generation generation

Production & Transmission

Liquefaction

Storage

Shipping

Terminalling

Regasification

Marine transport of LNG between LNG load terminals in a producing country and LNG reception terminals at the end-user markets

130

21/03/2011


Transmission

Experienced LNG player More than 25 year experience in LNG activities Main supplier of LNG in Zeebrugge

Methania Property of Distrigas Capacity: 131.235 m³ LNG

131

21/03/2011


European LNG regasification terminals

LNG Terminals

Teesside

Existing

Swinoujscie

Under construction

Dragon South Hook

Planned

Canvey Island Isle-ofGrain

Wilhemshaven Eemshaven Liongas Gate Zeebrugge Dunkerque Le havre

Montoir Le verdon El Ferrol El Musel Bilbao

Sines Huelva

Fos-Tonkin

Trieste Panigaglia

Krk

Rovigo Fos-Cavaou Barcelona Marmara Brindisi Livorno Sagunto Rosignano Aliaga (Izmir) Gioia Tauro Taranto Cartagena Revithoussa Porto Empedocle

132

21/03/2011


Our strong points Strategically located with respect to main gas markets and producing areas in Western Europe Multiple Interconnections Diversified and optimised purchase portfolio Technical and commercial expertise Major player on the Zeebrugge hub Major player on the Atlantic LNG trade

133

21/03/2011


Distrigas nv/sa Guimardstraat, 1A, rue Guimard BE - 1040 Brussel/Bruxelles T: + 32 (0)2 557 30 01 F: + 32 (0)2 557 31 12 [email protected] www.distrigas.eu

Warmteproductie en -verdeling

Recommend Documents