TRANSLATION STRATEGIES OF NOUN PHRASES IN GRAND CANDI HOTEL’S BILINGUAL EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
A THESIS
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra (S.S.) in English Language
By :
Femmy Sulistyaningrum C11.2012.01377
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF HUMANITIES DIAN NUSWANTORO UNIVERSITY SEMARANG 2016
DECLARATION OF NON-PLAGIARISM
I declare that this thesis is my own work and does not involve plagiarism.
Semarang, 31 October 2016
Femmy Sulistyaningrum NIM. C11.2012.01377
ii
STATEMENT OF PUBLICATION
I hereby grant Dian Nuswantoro University the right to display or copy any part of the thesis, in all forms of media for reference purposes and legitimate educational purposes. Any use or reproduction of this thesis without written permission from Dian Nuswantoro University is prohibited.
Semarang, 31 October 2016
Femmy Sulistyaningrum
iii
ADVISOR’S APPROVAL
This thesis has been approved by the advisor, Strata 1 study program of English Language, Faculty of Humanities, Dian Nuswantoro University on 30 October 2016.
The Advisor,
Rahmanti Asmarani, S.S., M.Hum
iv
PAGE OF APPROVAL
This thesis has been approved by Board of Examiners, Strata 1 Study Program of English Language, Faculty of Humanities Dian Nuswantoro University on November 09, 2016.
Board of Examiners,
Chairperson
Secretary
Sunardi, S.S., M.Pd.
Setyo Prasiyanto Cahyono, S.S., M.Pd.
Examiner
Advisor
Anisa Larassati, M.Ling
Rahmanti Asmarani, S.S.,M.Hum
Approved by :
Dean of Faculty of Humanities
Dr. Dwi Eko Waluyo
v
MOTTO
1.You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream. (C.S. Lewis) 2.“The only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven‟t found it yet, keep looking. Don‟t settle.” (Steve Jobs)
vi
DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated with love and gratitude to : 1. My God, Allah SWT because of his grace, I can finish my thesis and provided all of I need. 2. My beloved parents who always love me. 3. All of my lecturers who always teach me patiently. 4. All of my big family who always encourage me to finish my study. 5. All of my friends and my beloved someone who always support me.
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly, I would like to fortunately for Allah SWT for giving me great blessing during the writing of this thesis. This thesis would ever be finished without help many people : 1. Dr. Ir. Edi Noersasongko, M.Kom., The Rector of Dian Nuswantoro University, who gave permission to me to conduct this thesis; 2. Dr. Dwi Eko Waluyo, The Dean of Faculty of Humanities, Dian Nuswantoro University, who gave permission me to conduct this research; 3. Dr. Drs. Jumanto, M.Pd., Head of English Department of Strata 1 Program Languages and Letters, Dian Nuswantoro University, who gave permission to me to conduct this thesis; 4. Rahmanti Asmarani, SS., M.Hum., as my advisor, for her continuous and valuable advice, encouragement and guidance in compliting this thesis; 5. All lecturers at the English Department of the Faculty of Humanities of Dian Nuswantoro University, who have taught, motivated, and given guidance during my study at this university; 6. My beloved family: my mother, my father, my sister and my brother, thank you for your endless love, prayers, motivations and supports. I am so blessed to have you; 7. My beloved someone who always support and motivate me to finish this thesis; 8. The last, all my best friends, thank you very much for your support for all this time, it is honor to know all of you.
viii
Hopefully, this thesis will be useful for the readers, especially for the students of English Deparment of the Faculty of Humanities Dian Nuswantoro University. Finally, I do realize that due to my limited ability this thesis is still far from perfection. Therefore, I welcome any suggestions, comments and criticisms.
The Researcher
Femmy Sulistyaningrum
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE OF TITLE ....................................................................................................
i
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY .............................................................................
ii
STATEMENT OF PUBLICATION ...........................................................................
iii
ADVISOR’S APPROVAL ........................................................................................
iv
PAGE OF APPROVAL ...........................................................................................
v
MOTTO ..............................................................................................................
vi
DEDICATION ......................................................................................................
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................................
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..........................................................................................
x
LIST OF TABLE .....................................................................................................
xii
LIST OF FIGURE ...................................................................................................
xiii
LIST OF APPENDICES...........................................................................................
xiv
ABSTRACT ...........................................................................................................
xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................
1
1.1
Background of the Study ............................................................
1
1.2
Statement of the Problem ..........................................................
3
1.3
Objective of the Study ................................................................
4
1.4
Scope of the Study ......................................................................
4
1.5
Significance of the Study ............................................................
4
1.6
Thesis Organization.....................................................................
5
x
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE...................................................
6
2.1
Translation ..................................................................................
6
2.2
Translation Process .....................................................................
7
2.3
Translation Strategy ....................................................................
8
2.4
Noun Phrase ...............................................................................
11
2.5
Equivalence in Translation ..........................................................
15
2.5.1 Noun Phrase and Its Translation Equivalence ................
16
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD .......................................................................
17
3.1
Research Design ..........................................................................
17
3.2
Unit of Analysis ...........................................................................
17
3.3
Source of Data ............................................................................
17
3.4
Technique of Data Collection .....................................................
18
3.5
Technique of Data Analysis.........................................................
18
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH METHOD ......................................................................
19
4.1
Findings of Data Analysis ............................................................
19
4.2
Discussions ..................................................................................
20
4.2.1 Addition ..........................................................................
20
4.2.2 Subtraction .....................................................................
23
4.2.3 Transposition ..................................................................
27
4.2.4 Borrowing .......................................................................
29
4.2.5 Cultural Equivalent .........................................................
30
4.2.6 Descriptive Equivalent ....................................................
35
CHAPTER VCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .....................................................
39
5.1
Conclusion...................................................................................
39
5.2
Suggestion...................................................................................
40
BIBLIOGRAPHY....................................................................................................
41
APPENDICES .......................................................................................................
42
xi
LIST OF TABLE
Table 4.1. List of Category Noun Phrase and Translation Strategies .................
xii
19
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 2.1 The translation process according to Suryawinata ..........................
xiii
7
LIST OF APPENDICES
The Employment Agreement Letter .................................................................
42
The Translation Strategies Classification ..........................................................
54
xiv
ABSTRACT
Femmy Sulistyaningrum. 2016. Translation Strategies of Noun Phrases in Grand Candi Hotel’s Bilingual Employment Agreement. English Study Program, Dian Nuswantoro University. Adviser: Rahmanti Asmarani. Keywords : translation, noun phrase, translation strategies, descriptive equivalent, employment agreement This thesis is entitled translation strategies of noun phrases in Grand Candi Hotel’s bilingual employment agreement. This research directs to analyze at finding the kinds of translation strategy based on noun phrase. The employment agreement is made by human resources of Grand Candi Hotel’s Semarang. The researcher used the theory of noun phrase by Quirk and Grebaun (1985:1235) to analyze the noun phrase and the theory of Suryawinata and Hariyanto (2003: 6776)used to analyze the translation strategies. There are two categories of noun phrase such as basic noun phrase and complex noun phrase, and there are six translation strategies applied in this research that are addition, subtraction, transposition, borrowing, cultural equivalent and descriptive equivalent. The highest frequency that mostly appears is descriptive equivalent strategy with 20 data (25%), subtraction strategy with 18 data (22,5%), transposition strategy with 17 data (21,25%), cultural equivalent strategy with 16 data (20%), addition strategy with 8 data (10%) and the last is borrowing strategy with only 1 data (1,25%). Therefore, it can be concluded that descriptive equivalent is the dominant translation strategy in this employment agreement. It is because the employment agreement is formal letter, the translator has explained the difficult words for the readers or the employee itself to easily understand what the contents of the employment agreement.
xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study Language is a tool to communicated, there are many languages in the
world where each language has differences from the others. Translation consists of transferring without distortion the meaning of the source language into the target language, meaning which must be kept constantly, even when the form of the source language changes as it is turned into the form of the target language (Larson, 1998:181). Translation is basically changes of form. When speak of the form of a language, will referring to the actual words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and so on. A good translation not only transfers the sense but also the choice of words and the way of expressing. Especially for translations of high standing literature the translator should be home in both languages. Translation is difficult due to the two different linguistic systems and cultures but, by the translation strategies, we can translate novel or book properly. In Indonesian, translation plays a prominent role in transferring technology and literature. However, to conduct a translation is not an easy thing to do. It is difficult to establish an equivalent translation from English into Indonesian since they have different system and structure. To make it easier for the people translation is very important. Translation can provide the needs of developing countries to go forward with the news information. Therefore, this requires highly qualified translators, who have good knowledge about Indonesian and the language they have to transform, in this case English. To produce a good translation, a competent translator is able to understand ideas and thoughts, including the message expressed in the source language and representing the target language (TL). Many people think that translation is not an easy task, because when translating a text, there are many processes and methods. Generally, translation is known as a process of transferring a language to another. Translation is very 1
2
important in order to understand message or knowledge found in the source language. Translation has many procedures or methods. So, in translating the translator may uses procedures that differ in importance according to contextual factors of both of the source language (SL) and target language (TL). Molina and Albir (2002:499) state that translation strategies are used to describe how the result of translation functions related to the corresponding units in the source text. In this case, they use the translation strategy as a tool to analyze the result of the translation. They also add that the category of translation strategies allows us to describe the concrete steps taken by the translator in each textual microunit and achieve clear data about the general methodological option chosen. One of the translation strategies are introduced by Suryawinata and Hariyanto (2003: 67-76), they use a term “strategy” to call translation technique. According to them, translation strategies deal with tactics used by the translator to render words, phrases, clauses, and sentences of the original text. They divide translation strategies into two main types. First, that is structural strategies dealing with sentence structure and second that is semantic strategies dealing with the message being transferred. There are many researcher counduct the research about book, novel, poem and any other written text. But at this study, the researcher choose the other written text that is employment agreement. The employment agreement gets from Grand Candi Hotel Semarang. Furthermore, this research is about the translation strategy of bilingual employment agreement. The appropriate strategy in translation creates a good translation because the message from the source language (SL) is accurately transferred into the target language (TL). In the employment agreement, the translation is meant to be read by the employments. It is the legal based for the employment and the company. Then, it becomes the reason why the translation should be in as accurate as possible. When the translation is not accurate the employments will not completely catch the idea about the content of the agreement accurately and they will not know
3
about the right and the obligation. The employment also will know about his/her duty and the rule of the company. This research used Suryawinata and Hariyanto (2003) theory about the translation strategy to analyze the data. This research was conducted to know the types of translation Strategy is used in employment agreement of Grand Candi Hotel Semarang in form and meaning in Indonesian translation of English noun phrase. This is because the core of equivalence and shifts are in the form and meaning. The meaning is more important than the form. Besides that, equivalence focuses on cases where the language describes the same situation by different structure. However, many people are still confused in differentiating the word order in head words of the English and Indonesian noun phrases. It is because the English and Indonesian head word are not the same. In Indonesian noun phrases, the head word is head-initial position, while in English the head word is head-final position. Therefore, the core of the phrase is head word, which is used to determine the meaning and the word class. Considering of the background of the study, thus the title of this research is ”Translation Strategies of Noun Phrases in Grand Candi Hotel’s Bilingual Employment Agreement”.
1.2
Statement of the Problem Based on the problem above, there are some problems of the analysis
which are discussed. Those are: 1.
What are the translation strategies of noun phrase found in the bilingual employment agreement of Grand Candi Hotel Semarang?
2.
What is the dominant strategy of noun phrase found in the bilingual employment agreement of Grand Candi Hotel Semarang?
4
1.3
Objective of the Study The objective of the study is to answer the problem above that can be
described as follows: 1.
To identify the translation strategies of noun phrase found in the bilingual employment agreement of Grand Candi Hotel Semarang.
2.
To find out the dominant strategy of noun phrase found in the bilingual employment agreement of Grand Candi Hotel Semarang.
1.4
Scope of the Study The scope of the study is the translation strategies and focuses in the
noun phrase. The researcher uses Suryawinata and Hariyanto (2003: 67-76) to classify the translation strategies that are found in the bilingual employment agreement of Grand Candi Hotel Semarang.
1.5
Significance of the Study It is hoped that the result of the study would give valuable contribution
for : 1.
The researcher The result of this research is to add the next researcher’s knowledge about translation strategies.
2.
The readers The result of this research to make the readers understand with the purpose of the employee agreement especially understanding the noun phrase and translation strategies.
3.
The English Department student of Dian Nuswantoro University It is expected that by reading this study, they will encouraged to seriously learn the subject related to the aspect of translation strategies by analyzing the problem of this matter.
5
1.6
Thesis Organization Thesis organization is resume of each chapter. That purpose to
understanding the readers to know what contained in the thesis. This thesis organization is arranged as follows: Chapter I is Introduction. It consist of Background of the Study, Statement of the Problem, Objective of the Study, Scope of the Study, Significance of the Study and Thesis Organization. Chapter II is Review of Related Literature explain of Translation, Translation Process, Translation Strategy, Noun Phrase and Equivalence in Translation. Chapter III is Research Method. It delivers Research Design, Unit of Analysis, Source of Data, Technique of Data Collection, and Technique of Data Analysis. Chapter IV is Data Analysis. It contains analyzing and finding the kinds of the translation strategies used and describing the strategies used by the translator in translating process. Chapter V is Conclusion and Suggestion.
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
To conduct this research, there are some concepts that have to be considered such as pre-modifications and other notions related to the problem discussed in this thesis. The concepts are based on several ideas from some experts in the field of translation.
2.1
Translation The term translation is defined differently by many experts in translation.
Larson simply defines translation as a transfer of meaning from source language into the receptor language (in Wuryantoro, 2005: 131). Thus in translation, there is not merely a process of transferring meaning of two different language systems from two different languages (SL into TL) but also a process of finding the equivalence of SL in TL. Nababan (2003: 21) gives a detail definition about style. Style in translation is focused on the correspondence of language formality level between the source text and target text. In other words, a translator has to determine what kind of language variety which fits the kind of text being translated. For instance, if a translator translates a scientific text, he/she must use scientific language variety. From the definitions above, it can be concluded that translation is the process of transferring message from source language into target language. Finding the closest natural equivalent of the source language message becomes the main problem of translation. Besides, language variety used in translation must agree with the type of text being translated.The meaning equivalence is involved by, at least, language. The system of rules in one language, which is different from other language, will have role for the translator in his or her decision making in the process of translation. For example, in this case, is the process of translation which involves Indonesian and English language. Both languages have different system on the structure of noun phrase. Noun phrases
6
7
of English language usually follow the structure of modifier + noun head. While that of Indonesian language usually follows the rule of D-M (Diterangkan– Menerangkan) where modifier comes after the noun head.
2.2
Translation Process Translation process can be interpreted as a series of activities carried out
by a translator when he/she transferred the message from the source language into the target language. According to Suryawinata (1987:80), the process of translating consists of few steps of activities, so a translator should do those steps. To help understanding about the steps of translation process here is a figure explaining about it: Analysis
Restructuring Mental Process Content, Meaning, Message
Source Language Text
Transferring and Equivalence Finding
Understanding (1)
Target Language Text
Content, Meaning, Message
(2)
Evaluating and Revising
(3)
Figure 2.1 Translation Process (Suryawinata,1987:80) From the figure 2.1 it can be seen that there are three main steps of translating activities. The first step is analysis, or analyzing the source language text by understanding that text. In order to understand the text, the content, meaning, and idea of the text, the translator must to read it first. Understanding a source text is quiet difficult for a translator because there are various text genre and the translator’s knowledge is limited or has no deep knowledge in a specific area. Such as, in translating literary text, science, economic, business, or health that may contains a word in those area which is difficult for the translator to understand it and finding the equivalence. For that reason a translator need
8
help from the experts on the area of what the source text is about, so the translator can to understand some difficult words, then transferring them and finding the equivalence of the words into the target text, and the inner process, the second step of the translation process, the translator uses his mind to do that. Here is the most difficult part of the process, because sometimes the translator faces some problems on how to convey the intention of the source text into the target text. On this step the translator is also doing an evaluation and revision of the transferred words or the equivalences that has been found before. Then the third step, the last step in the translation process is restructuring. In this step the translator is re-writing the text into the acceptable structural and cultural form of the target text. The translator should make his writing as natural as possible for the target readers and he should also consider about their readability. Then, according to another experts, Nida and Taber (1969:12) explain the process of translating as follows: “Translating consist of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style”. It can be said that translation is transferring process of message from source language text to the target language text is prominent and style is the last.
2.3
Translation Strategy Translation has relationship to the translated text, and a process, the act
of translating, where by translating we mean take what is written in one language and turn it into an equally meaningful text written in another language. Suryawinata and Hariyanto (2003: 67-76) use a term “strategy” to call translation technique. According to them, translation strategies deal with tactics used by the translator to render words, phrases, clauses, and sentences of the original text. They divide translation strategies into two main types. The first one is structural strategies dealing with sentence structure. The second one is semantic strategies dealing with the message being transferred.
9
1. Structural Strategies The strategies consist of addition, subtraction, and transposition. Most of these strategies are obligatory. It means that the strategy must be done to make the translation sounds natural and acceptable. a.
Addition This strategy is applied by adding words in the target language due to
differences between source language and target language structure. Example : SL : This employment agreement is made on Monday, 16 June 2014 between the General Manager, ... TL : Kesepakatan Kontrak Kerja Waktu Tertentu ini dibuat pada Senin, 16 Juni 2014 antara Pimpinan Umum, ... b.
Subtraction It refers to the reduction of structural elements in target language.
Example : SL TL
c.
: Acting for and on behalf of him/her self on the other side and hereafter referred to as “The Employee”. : Bertindak untuk dan atas nama pribadi yang selanjutnya disebut sebagai pihak kedua yaitu “Karyawan”. Transposition Transposition changes the original language to obtain equivalent effect.
The changes can be in the form of plural to singular form, the change of adjective position, and the change of sentence structure as a whole (Newmark, 1988: 85). It is an obligation when the meaning of source language cannot be accepted and understood by readers without transposition. Transposition is optional when this strategy is applied due to language style. Example : SL TL
: Income tax and other applicable taxes will be paid for by The Employee. : Pajak Penghasilan dan pajak lainnya akan dibayar oleh karyawan.
10
2. Semantic Strategies a.
Borrowing The original words of source language are taken in the target language
because there are no equivalents in the target language. Borrowing includes transliteration (keeping the original word as a whole, both pronunciation and writing) and naturalization (adapting the pronunciation and writing of source language word with target language norms. Example : SL
TL
b.
: This employment agreement is made on Monday, 16 June 2014 between the General Manager, representing Grand Candi Hotel Semarang on behalf of P.T. Niagatama Arasaya, domiciled in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. : Kesepakatan Kontrak Kerja Waktu Tertentu ini dibuat pada Senin, 16 Juni 2014 antara Pimpinan Umum, mewakili Grand Candi Hotel Semarang dan atas nama PT Niagatama Arasaya, berlokasi di Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Cultural equivalent The source language words containing cultural material are replaced by
cultural equivalent in the target language. Since the culture between one language and another is different, there is a great possibility of not transferring the meaning accurately. However, this strategy makes the sentences natural and easy to read. Example : SL : This employment agreement is made on Monday, 16 June 2014 between the General Manager, representing Grand Candi Hotel Semarang ... TL : Kesepakatan Kontrak Kerja Waktu Tertentu ini dibuat pada Senin, 16 Juni 2014 antara Pimpinan Umum, mewakili Grand Candi Hotel Semarang ... c.
Descriptive equivalent It is used to describe the meaning or function of source language word
(Newmark, 1988: 83-84). Example : SL TL
: Social Insurance (JAMSOSTEK) : Jaminan Sosial Tenaga Kerja (JAMSOSTEK)
11
2.4
Noun Phrase Base
on
wikipedia.com,
a
noun
phrase or nominal
phrase or
(abbreviated NP) is a phrase which has a noun (or indefinite pronoun) as its head word, or which performs the same grammatical function as such a phrase. Noun phrases are very common cross-linguistically, and they may be the most frequently occurring phrase type. Noun phrases often function as verb subjects and objects, as predicative expressions, and as the complements of prepositions. In some modern theories of grammar, noun phrases with determiners are analyzed as having the determiner rather than the noun as their head, they are then referred to as determiner phrases. Traditionally, a phrase is understood to contain two or more words. The traditional progression in the size of syntactic units is word < phrase < clause, and in this approach a single word (such as a noun or pronoun) would not be referred to as a phrase. A phrase is deemed to be a word or a combination of words that appears in a set syntactic position, for instance in subject position or object position. On this understanding of phrases, the nouns and pronouns in italic in the following sentences are noun phrases (rather than just nouns and pronouns): a.
He saw someone.
b.
Milk is good.
c.
They spoke about corruption. The words in bold are called phrases since they appear in the syntactic
positions where multiple-word phrases can appear. This practice takes the constellation to be primitive rather than the words themselves. The word he, for instance, functions as a pronoun, but within the sentence it also functions as a noun phrase. The phrase structure grammars of the Chomsky an tradition (government and binding theory and the minimalist program) are primary examples of theories that apply this understanding of phrases. For them, phrases must contain two or more words. A typical noun phrase consists of a noun (the head of the phrase) together with zero or more modifiers of various types. The chief types of these modifiers are:
12
1.
Determiners A determiner is a word, phrase or affix that occurs together with a noun
or a noun phrase and serves to express the reference of that noun or noun phrase in the context. This is, a determiner may indicate whether the noun is referring to a definite or indefinite element of a class, to a closer or more distant element, to an element belonging to a specified person or thing, to a particular number of quantity. Common kinds of determiners include definite and indefinite articles ( like the or a), demonstratives ( like this and that ), possessive determiners ( like my and their ), and quantifiers ( like many, few and several ). Most determiners have been traditionally classed along with adjectives and this still occurs, the example is demonstrative and possessive determiners are sometimes described as demonstrative adjectives and possessive respectively. The determiners may then be taken to be a class of words which includes the articles as well as other words that function in the place of articles.
2.
Attributive adjectives In grammar, an adjective is a 'describing' word, the main syntactic role of
which is to qualify a noun or noun phrase, giving more information about the object signified. Adjectives are one of the traditional eight English parts of speech, although linguists today distinguish adjectives from words such as determiners that formerly were considered to be adjectives. Even in languages that do have adjectives, one language's adjective might not be another's; for example, whereas English uses "to be hungry" (hungry being an adjective), Adjectives form an open class of words in most languages that have them, that is, it is relatively common for new adjectives to be formed via such processes as derivation.
3.
Adjective phrases and participial phrases An adjective phrase (adjectival phrase) is a phrase the head word of
which is an adjective, like fond of steak, very happy, quite upset about it, etc. The
13
adjective in an adjective phrase can initiate the phrase (like fond of steak), conclude the phrase (like very happy), or it is appear in a medial position (like quite upset about it). The dependents of the head adjective the other words and phrases inside the adjective phrase are typically adverbs or prepositional phrases, but they can also be clauses (like louder than you do). Adjectives and adjective phrases function in two basic ways in clauses, either attributively or predicatively. When they are attributive, they appear inside a noun phrase and modify that noun phrase, and when they are predicative, they appear outside of the noun phrase that they modify and typically follow a linking verb (copula).
4.
Noun adjuncts In grammar, a noun adjunct or attributive noun or noun (pre)modifier is
an optional noun that modifies other noun, meaning that it can be removed without changing the grammar of the sentence; it is a noun functioning as an adjective.
For
example,
in
the
phrase
"chicken
soup"
the noun
adjunct "chicken" modifies the noun "soup". It is irrelevant whether the resulting compound noun is spelled in one or two parts. Noun adjuncts were traditionally mostly singular (like trouser press) except when there were lexical restrictions (like arms race), but there is a recent trend towards more use of plural ones, especially in UK English.
5.
Prepositional phrases An adpositional phrase is a linguistics term that defining a syntactic
category of a word that includes prepositional of the phrases, postpositional of the phrases, and this circumpositional of the phrases. An adpositional phrases contain an adposition (preposition, postposition, or circumposition) as head and usually
a complement such
as
a noun
phrase.
Language syntax treats
adpositional phrases as units that act as arguments or adjuncts. Prepositional and postpositional phrases differ by the order of the words used. Languages that
14
are primarily head-initial such as English predominantly it is being used as prepositional phrases, whereas head-final languages predominantly employ postpositional phrases. Many languages have both types, as well as circumpositional phrases. Prepositional phrases have a preposition as the central element of the phrase, as the head of the phrase. The remaining part of the phrase, usually a noun (phrase) or pronoun, is sometimes called the prepositional complement.
6.
Relative clauses A relative
clause is
a
kind
of subordinate
clause,
one
of
whose arguments shares a referent with a main clause element on which the subordinate clause is grammatically dependent. Typically, a relative clause modifies a noun or noun phrase, and uses some grammatical device to indicate that one of the arguments within the relative clause has the same referent as that noun or noun phrase. A bound relative clause, the type most often considered, qualifies an explicit element (usually a noun or noun phrase) appearing in the main clause, and refers back to that element by means of some explicit or implicit device within the relative clause.
7.
Infinitive phrases An infinitive phrase is a verb phrase constructed with the verb in infinitive
form.
This
consists
of
the
verb
together
with
its objects and
other complements and modifiers. Some examples of infinitive phrases in English are given below – these may be based on either the full infinitive (introduced by the particle to) or the bare infinitive (without the particle to) : 1.
(to) sleep
2.
(to) write ten letters
3.
(to) go to the store for a pound of sugar Since an infinitive does not normally take an expressed grammatical
subject, an infinitive phrase effectively constitutes an entire clause. Viewed in
15
this way, it is called an infinitive clause or infinitival clause, and is one of the types of non-finite clause. Such a clause can then play various grammatical roles as a constituent of a larger clause or sentence; for example it may serve as a noun phrase or adverb.
2.5
Equivalence in Translation Equivalence is a central concept in translation theory. Vinay and
Darbelnet view equivalence-oriented translation is a procedure which 'replicates the same situation as in the original, whilst using completely different wording' (ibid: 342). They also suggest that, if this procedure is applied during the translation process, it can maintain the stylistic impact of the source language in the target language. In translation the emphasis is on the closest natural equivalence as stated by Catford (1965:20). Catford writes that texts in different languages can be equivalent in different degrees (fully or partially equivalent), in respect of different levels of presentation (equivalent in respect of context, semantics, grammar, lexis, etc) and at different ranks (word-for-word, phrasefor-phrase, sentence-for-sentence. The two languages are widely different in structure and cultural background; therefore, it needs equivalence as a relation that holds between a source language text and target language text in order to get the sameness and similarity result in both languages. Catford’s model of equivalence (1965:27) states that: 1.
Formal correspondence is any target language category (unit, class, element of structure, etc) which can be said to occupy as nearly as possible the “same” place in the “economy of the target language as the given source language category occupies in the SL. For example: translating an adjective into an adjective.
2.
Textual Equivalence is any target language text or portion of text which is observed on a particular occasion to be the equivalent of a given SL text or portion of text. For example: translating adjective into an adverbial phrase.
16
2.5.1 Noun Phrase and Its Translation Equivalence Radford (1988:171) states that a phrase, as a part of grammatical sentences, consists of a group of words. It is assumed that sentences are structured not only out of words belonging to various words level categories, but also out of phrases belonging to the corresponding set of phrasal categories. English noun phrase is compared with the Indonesian equivalence. In comparison of both noun phrases, it is found that there are similarities and differences in grammatical system, particularly in word order between English and Indonesian noun phrase. These are examples of English noun phrases and their Indonesian equivalences. The words underlined are their noun heads. 1)
New toys = mainan baru
2)
Your bag = tas mu The words ‘toys and bag’ are the head words and the other words are
called modifiers. Those words are called the center or head of the noun phrase. From those examples, it can be seen that modifiers in English noun phrase come before the noun head, whereas in the Indonesian they come after the noun head. These examples are simple noun phrase consisting of modifiers and heads. There is a phrase longer than simple noun phrase, it is complex noun phrase. Furthermore, noun phrase is the extension of noun. According to Quirk and Grenbaun (1985:1235), the simple noun phrase or basic noun phrase can be expanded with modifier and noun. There is a phrase longer than simple noun phrase, it is complex noun phrases. In total, complex noun phrase can be composed of four major components: Determiner + Pre modifiers +Head Noun + Post modifiers. All noun phrases include a head, while determiner, pre modifiers, and post modifiers are optional.
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
3.1
Research Design The aim of this research was to analyze the translation strategy in the
translation work. The method which used in this research was descriptive qualitative research method. It was a research method to describe the subject or the object of the research based on the fact or reality. Descriptive qualitative method describes “the population and the evidence of the data systematically, factually and accurately, (Issac et al 1971:46)”. It does not give the numeral statistics but it depends on how is the knowledge of the researcher to analyze the data. This research used a descriptive qualitative method to analyze the noun phrase constitution and then explain translation strategy occurred in the translation of the data. This study used a descriptive qualitative method to study the problem, because this study concern with the meaning of the word in the data.
3.2
Unit of Analysis The unit of analysis in this research is noun phrase which categorised into
basic noun phrase and complex noun phrase, taken from the employment agreement of Grand Candi Hotel Semarang. The Source Language is English and the Target Language is Indonesian as the data to be analyzed.
3.3
Source of Data The data of this research were taken from the sentences both in the
source text (ST) and target text (TT) of the employment agreement of Grand Candi Hotel Semarang. This employment agreement is made by the human resources department of Grand Candi Hotel Semarang. This agreement would be signed by both employment and the manager of human resources department
17
18
on June 16, 2014. This employment agreement contain 12 sheets, which consist of 11 articles. The researcher only take the article 1 until article 3 (page 1-5) and there are 80 data.
3.4
Techniques of Data Collection The data were collected by using documentation in the employment
agreement of Grand Candi Hotel Semarang, as follow: 1.
Choosing the data that was the employment agreement of Grand Candi Hotel Semarang from the employee.
2.
Asking the human resources department of Grand Candi Hotel Semarang.
3.
Reading the employment agreement of Grand Candi Hotel Semarang.
4.
Finding the noun phrase.
3.5
Techniques of Data Analysis In analyzing the data, the researcher used the following steps:.
1.
Comparing the noun phrase that found in the source text (ST) with the translation in the target text (TT) to see if there are shifts taking place.
2.
Identifying the kinds of translation strategy.
3.
Analyzing the strategy and describing the reason for each strategy.
4.
Drawing conclusion.
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS
In this chapter, the researcher disscusses the analysis and description the translation strategy of noun phrase on the data Grand Candi Hotel’s employment agreement of pre-determined duration.
4.1 Finding the data In this part of the sub chapter, the researcher presents the findings of the translation strategies of noun phrase based on 6 theory of translation strategies by Suryawinata and Hariyanto (2003: 67-76).
Table 4.1 Findings the translation strategies of noun phrase in employment agreement of Grand Candi Hotel Semarang.
Strategies of Translation
Frequency of Noun Phrase
Percentage
a. Addition
8
10%
b. Subtraction
18
22,5%
c. Transposition
17
21,25%
a. Borrowing
1
1,25%
b. Cultural Equivalent c. Descriptive Equivalent Total
16
20%
20
25%
80
100%
1.Structural Stategies :
2.Semantic Strategies :
19
20
In the table 4.1 , the column 1 shows the translation strategies, the column 2 shows the frequency of noun phrase and the column 3 is it total number percentage. It can be seen on the table 4.1 the highest frequency of translation strategy that mostly appears is descriptive equivalent strategy with 20 numbers (25%), and subtraction strategy with 18 numbers (22,5%), then transposition strategy with 17 numbers (21,25%), the next cultural equivalent strategy with 16 number (20%), then addition strategy with 8 numbers (10%) and the last one is borrowing strategy with 1 number (1,25%).
4.2 Discussion
In this part, the researcher used translation strategies by Suryawinata and Hariyanto (2003, 67-76) to analyzed the employment agreement of Grand Candi Hotel Semarang. From 80 data (article 1 until article 3), the research only discussed 24 data. The discussion of the findings with the following :
4.2.1 Addition
Excerpt 1 Source Language Page Target Language Page This employment 1 Kesepakatan Kerja 1 agreement is made Waktu Tertentu ini on Monday, 16 dibuat pada Senin, June 2014 between 16 Juni 2014 the General antara Pimpinan Manager,represent Umum, yang ing Grand Candi mewakili Grand Hotel Semarang on Candi Hotel behalf on P.T. Semarang dan atas Niagatama nama PT Arsaraya, domiciled Niagatama in Semarang, Arsaraya, berlokasi Central Java, di Semarang, Jawa
21
Indonesia, on one side and hereafter referred to as “The Hotel” and
Tengah, Indonesia, yang selanjutnya disebut sebagai pihak pertama yaitu “Hotel”, dan
From the excerpt above, the bold phrase belongs to a Noun Phrase. Because the noun phrase consists of determiner (this as demonstrative), premodifier (employment) and head (agreement). In this case, the addition of translation is applied in these phrase. The translator translated in source language “this employment agreement” into “kesepakatan kontrak kerja waktu tertentu ini” in the target language. Here, the translator gives the information to the readers that the employment agreement is the employment agreement of pre-determined duration as stated in the title of the text. The translator adds a new word “waktu tertentu” because on the employment agreement letter mention that duration for the employee to work in the company. This is tolerable to add an information to the target language since it does not lead to any wrong information into the target language. The message sounds natural and acceptable, and it is also clear for the target readers.
Excerpt 2 Source Language Article 1: Length of Agreement
Page Target Language Page 1 Pasal 1: Durasi 1 Kesepakatan Kerja Waktu Tertentu
From the excerpt above, the bold phrase belongs to a Noun Phrase. Because this noun phrase consisting which constituted by a head (length as a noun) and agreement as postmodifier. In this case, the addition of translation is applied in these phrase. Here, the translator gives the information to the readers that the length of agreement means duration of employment agreement. But in this phrase, the translator add
22
some information to explain it. The translator translated “length of agreement” into “durasi kesepakatan kerja waktu tertentu”. This is tolerable to add an information to the target language so that clarify the readers.
Excerpt 3 Source Language The employee agrees not to take employment with any other company for the duration of this agreement.
Page Target Language Page 2 Karyawan setuju 2 untuk tidak bekerja dengan perusahaan lain selama masa kontrak kerja berlaku.
From the excerpt above, the bold phrase belongs to a Noun Phrase. Because the noun phrase consists of determiner (the as an article), head (duration as a noun) and post modifier (of this agreement). In this case, the translator translated “the duration of this agreement” into “masa kontrak kerja berlaku”. The translator give addition words in this phrase that is “berlaku”. Because the employment agreement has time limit, so the word “berlaku” can be added in this phrase. The duration can be translated to masa because connecting with time. Then, translator translated of this agreement to be kontrak kerja because the translator want to explain more spesific.
Excerpt 4 Source Language The Hotel will provide The Employee the following benefits:
Page Target Language 3 Hotel akan memberikan beberapa manfaat kepada karyawan sebagai berikut:
Page 3
23
From the excerpt above, the bold phrase belongs to a Noun Phrase. Because the noun phrase consisting which constituted by determiner (the as an article) and premodifier (following) and head (benefits). In this case, the addition of translation is applied in these phrase. The translator translated in the source language “the following benefits” into “manfaat kepada karyawan sebagai berikut” in the target language. Then, the translator give the information to the readers that the following benefits is tended to the employee. So, he adding the word in the target language due to differences between source language and target language structure. This is tolerable to add any information to the target language so that clarify the readers especially the employee of Grand Candi Hotel Semarang.
4.2.2 Subtraction
Excerpt 5 Source Language Acting for and on
Page Target Language 1 Bertindak untuk
behalf of him/her
dan atas nama
self on the other
pribadi yang
side and hereafter
selanjutnya disebut
referred to as “The
sebagai pihak
Employee”.
kedua yaitu
Page 1
“Karyawan”
From the excerpt above, the bold phrase belongs to a Noun Phrase. Because the noun phrase consists of determiner (the as an article) and head (employee as a noun). In this case, the subtraction of translation can be seen in noun phrase “the employee”. Here, source language has constitution of definite article (the) + noun (employee). The determiner is not translated. In the target language, the
24
noun phrase has constitution of only noun word (karyawan). Moreover, it can be concluded that the information of definite pronoun (the) because it is not translated into the target language. However, it is still understandable by the reader. Although, the noun phrase in target language is also translated into the noun phrase in source language. This subtraction happens due to different linguistic system between English and Indonesian. The translator subtracts the indefinite pronoun to make the target language is more natural and understandable by the reader.
Excerpt 6 Source Language In case of absence without prior written permission from or information to The Hotel (e.g. valid doctor’s certificate), basic salary will automatically be deducted on a prorate basis.
Page Target Language Page 2 Dalam masalah 2 ketidakhadiran tanpa izin tertulis sebelumnya dari Hotel atau tidak memberi informasi kepada Hotel (misalnya tidak ada surat keterangan sakit dari dokter), gaji pokok akan langsung dipotong secara prorata.
From the excerpt above, the bold phrase belongs to a Noun Phrase. Because the noun phrase consisting of determiner (a as an article), premodifier (prorate) and head (basis). In this case, the subtraction of translation can be seen in noun phrase “a prorate basis”. Here, source language has constitution of indefinite pronoun (a) + noun (prorate basis). The determiner is not translated. In the target language, the noun phrase has constitution of only noun word (prorata). However, it is still understandable by the reader. Although, the noun phrase in target language is also translated into the noun phrase in source language. This subtraction happens due to different linguistic system between English and Indonesian. The
25
translator subtracts the indefinite pronoun to make the target language is more natural and understandable by the reader.
Excerpt 7 Source Language Page Target Language Page The Hotel and The 2 Salah satu pihak 2 Employee may dapat memutuskan terminate this kesepakatan ini agreement before sebelum tanggal the ending date of berakhirnya this agreement by dengan giving written memberikan notice as specified pemberitahuan under article 10 secara tertulis (ten) to the other seperti yang party. tercantum dalam pasal 10 (sepuluh) sebelumnya kepada salah satu pihak lainnya. From the excerpt above, the bold phrase belongs to a Noun Phrase. Because the noun phrase consisting of determiner (the as an article) and premodifier (ending date as noun) and postmodifier (of this agreement as prepositional phrase). In this case, the subtraction of translation is applied in these phrase. The translator translated “the ending date of this agreement” in the source language into “tanggal berakhirnya” in the target language. Then, the translator subtracts the meaning word this agreement because in the word before its already the word “this agreement”. This is tolerable to subtract any word to the target language, if that word is translated again it will does not be natural. It is still easily understood by readers because not change the meaning.
26
Excerpt 8 Source Language Page Target Language As per government 2 Sesuai dengan tax regulations, The peraturan pajak Hotel will Pemerintah, Hotel automatically secara langsung deduct these taxes akan memotong from the salary of pajak-pajak The Employee and tersebut dari gaji pay these on behalf kotor dan of The Employee to membayar kepada the respective kantor pajak atas government body. nama karyawan.
Page 2
From the excerpt above, the bold phrase belongs to a Noun Phrase. Because the noun phrase consisting of determiner (the as an article), head (salary basis as noun) and postmodifier (of the employee as prepositional phrase). In this phrase, it is translated using translation strategy that is subtraction strategy. The translator translated “the salary of the employee” in the source language into “gaji kotor” in the target language. Then, the translator subtracts the meaning word of “the employee”. This is acceptable to subtract any word to the target language, because the readers know this employment agreement is in tended to the employee. So the translation makes the readers can easily understand especially the employee of Grand Candi Hotel Semarang.
Excerpt 9 Source Language The Employee is required to work 40 (forty) hours per working week.
Page Target Language 3 Karyawan wajib bekerja selama 40 (empat puluh) jam per minggu.
Page 4
From the excerpt above, the bold phrase belongs to a Noun Phrase. Because the noun phrase consisting of determiner (40 (forty) as numeral), head (hours as noun) and postmodifier (per working week as prepositional phrase).
27
In this phrases, it is translated using translation strategy that is subtraction strategy. The translator translated “40 (forty) hours per working week” in the source language into 40 (empat puluh) jam per minggu” in the target language. The translator subtract the meaning word “ working” in the target language. It is acceptable to subtract any word to the target language because the readers understand that working week is one week or 7 days to work. So the translation makes the readers still understand this phrase because not change the meaning.
4.2.3 Transposition
Excerpt 10 Source Language The Hotel and The Employee may terminate this agreement before the ending date of this agreement by giving written notice as specified under article 10 (ten) to the other party.
Page Target Language Page 2 Salah satu pihak 2 dapat memutuskan kesepakatan ini sebelum tanggal berakhirnya dengan memberikan pemberitahuan secara tertulis seperti yang tercantum dalam pasal 10 (sepuluh) sebelumnya kepada salah satu pihak lainnya.
From the excerpt above, the bold phrase belongs to a Noun Phrase. Because the noun phrase consisting of determiner (this as demonstrative) and head (agreement as noun). In this case, it is translated using translation strategy that is transposition strategy. The translator translated “this agreement” in the source language into “kesepakatan ini” in the target language. If it is translated into kontrak ini, the
28
sentence does not natural. So, the translator translated “agreement” to be “kesepakatan” and it is acceptable during not change the message itself and to be natural to read.
Excerpt 11 Source Language Income tax and
Page Target Language 2 Pajak penghasilan
other applicable
dan pajak lainnya
taxes will be paid
akan dibayar oleh
for by The
karyawan.
Page 2
Employee.
From the excerpt above, the bold phrase belongs to a Noun Phrase. Because the noun phrase consists of premodifier (income) and head (tax as noun). In this case, it is translated using translation strategy that is transposition strategy. It can be seen the noun phrase “income tax” in the source language into “pajak penghasilan” in the target language. This strategy can be chosen by the translator if it fits better. If it is translated into penghasilan pajak, the sentence does not have any meaning. However, one change leads to another and changing one part of speech for another without changing the message itself.
Excerpt 12 Source Language Page Target Language The contract period 2 Kesepakatan Kerja is for a duration of Waktu Tertentu ini 1 (one) year from berlaku selama starting date. jangka waktu 1 (satu) tahun sebelum Kesepakatan Kerja Waktu Tertentu berakhir.
Page 2
29
From the excerpt above, the bold phrase belongs to a Noun Phrase. Because the noun phrase consists of determiner (a as an article), premodifier (duration as a noun) and postmodifier (of 1 (one) year as prepositional phrase). In this case, the transposition of translation strategy is applied in these phrases. The translator translated “a duration of 1 (one) year” in the source language into “jangka waktu 1 (satu) tahun) in the target language. This strategy can be chosen by the translator if it fits better. If it is translated into “lamanya 1 tahun”, the sentence does not have any meaning. So, the translator change a duration to be jangka waktu in the target language, is acceptable and make the readers easily understand.
4.2.4 Borrowing
Excerpt 13 Source Language Page Target Language This employment 1 Kesepakatan Kerja agreement is made Waktu Tertentu ini on Monday, 16 dibuat pada Senin, June 2014 between 16 Juni 2014 the General antara Pimpinan Manager, Umum, yang representing Grand mewakili Grand Candi Hotel Candi Hotel Semarang on Semarang dan atas behalf of P.T. nama PT Niagatama Niagatama Arsaraya, domiciled Arsaraya, berlokasi in Semarang, di Semarang, Jawa Central Java, Tengah, Indonesia, Indonesia, on one yang selanjutnya side and hereafter disebut sebagai referred to as “The pihak pertama Hotel” and yaitu “Hotel”, dan
Page 1
30
From the excerpt above, the bold phrase belongs to a Noun Phrase. Because the noun phrase consists of head (Grand Candi Hotel as a noun) and postmodifier (Semarang as noun-place). In this case, it is found borrowing of translation strategy. The translator translated “Grand Candi Hotel Semarang” in the source language into “Grand Candi Hotel Semarang” too in the target language. It can be seen that the translator does not render the that word. It happens because this word have been already adapted in Indonesian. By using this strategy, the source language is directly transferred to the target language. It can be said that, this task refers to a case where a word or place is taken from the source language and used in the target language. But, in a naturalized form, it is made to conform to the rules of grammar or pronounciation of the target language.
4.2.5 Cultural Equivalent
Excerpt 14 Source Language Page Target Language This employment 1 Kesepakatan Kerja agreement is made Waktu Tertentu ini on Monday, 16 dibuat pada Senin, June 2014 between 16 Juni 2014 the General antara Pimpinan Manager, Umum, yang representing Grand mewakili Grand Candi Hotel Candi Hotel Semarang on Semarang dan atas behalf of P.T. nama PT Niagatama Niagatama Arsaraya, domiciled Arsaraya, berlokasi in Semarang, di Semarang, Jawa Central Java, Tengah, Indonesia, Indonesia, on one yang selanjutnya side and hereafter disebut sebagai referred to as “The pihak pertama Hotel” and yaitu “Hotel”, dan
Page 1
31
From the excerpt above, the bold phrase belongs to a Noun Phrase. Because the noun phrase can be expanded with determiner (the as an article) and head (general manager as a noun). According to www.thefreedictionary.com, “general manager” means the highest ranking manager. It can be concluded that the translator uses paraphrase withcultural equivalent as the strategy. The word ‘’general manager’’ can be translated as “manajer umum” (www.translate.google.co.id). So, it can be concluded that the translator using the phrase“pimpinan umum” since in Indonesia the highest ranking in the management is “pimpinan umum” that has equal position with “manajer umum”. However, it is succeeded to explain the meaning and it is still understandable.
Excerpt 15 Source Language The Hotel and The Employee may terminate this agreement before the ending date of this agreement by giving written notice as specified under article 10 (ten) to the other party.
Page Target Language Page 2 Salah satu pihak 2 dapat memutuskan kesepakatan ini sebelum tanggal berakhirnya dengan memberikan pemberitahuan secara tertulis seperti yang tercantum dalam pasal 10 (sepuluh) sebelumnya kepada salah satu pihak lainnya.
From the excerpt above, the bold phrase belongs to a Noun Phrase. Because the noun phrase can be expanded with determiner (the as an article) and head (hotel & employee as a noun). In this phrase, it is translated using translation strategy that is cultural equivalent strategy. It can be seen the translator translated “the hotel and the employee” in the source language into “salah satu pihak” in the target language.
32
It can be concluded that the translator use cultural equivalent as the translation strategy. The phrase “the hotel and the employee” can be translated “hotel dan karyawan”, but the translator only translated “salah satu pihak”. It is acceptable because in Indonesia, the employment agreement letter is formal. So, the translator succeeded to explain the meaning and it is still understandable.
Excerpt 16 Source Language Above 2 (two) points will be in accordance with prevailing Labour Laws and Government Regulations.
Page Target Language 4 Mengenai 2 (dua) artikel diatas akan disesuaikan dengan UndangUndang Ketenagakerjaan dan Peraturan Pemerintah yang berlaku.
Page 4
From the excerpt above, the bold phrase belongs to a Noun Phrase. Because noun phrase consists of determiner (2 (two) as a numeral) and head (points as a noun). In this phrase, it is translated using translation strategy that is cultural equivalent strategy. It can be seen the tranlator translated “2 (two) points” in the source language into “2 (dua) artikel” in the target language. According to www.mobile.dictionary, “points” means an important or fundamental reason, aim. It can be concluded that the translator use cultural equivalent as the strategy. Therefore, the translator using the word “artikel” because in the sentence before there are some important things or fundamental reason in the employment agreement. This translation makes the readers easily understand.
Excerpt 17 Source Language Page Target Language As per government 2 Sesuai dengan tax regulations, The peraturan pajak Hotel will Pemerintah, Hotel
Page 2
33
automatically deduct these taxes from the salary of The Employee and pay these on behalf of The Employee to the respective government body.
secara langsung akan memotong pajak-pajak tersebut dari gaji kotor dan membayar kepada kantor pajak atas nama karyawan.
From the excerpt above, the bold phrase belongs to a Noun Phrase. Because noun phrase consists of determiner (the as an article), premodifier (respective as an adjective) and postmodifier (goverment body as prepositional phrase). In this case, the cultural equivalent of translation strategy is applied in these phrase. The translator translated “the respective goverment body” in the source language into “kantor pajak” in the target language. It can be concluded that the translator change this phrase, “the respective goverment body” to be “kantor pajak”. Because, before that phrase, in the beginning of sentence explain about goverment regulations. The employee must be pay the tax and the hotel will automatically deduct from the salary of employee. It is tolerable to change this phrase, because it sounds natural and understandable.
Excerpt 18 Source Language A doctor’s certificate must be obtained at a hospital / clinic appointed by The Hotel, in accordance with The Hotel’s rule & regulations and policies & procedures.
Page Target Language Page 2-3 Surat dokter harus 2-3 didapatkan di klinik atau rumah sakit yang telah di tunjuk oleh pihak Hotel, namun tetap sesuai dengan peraturan perusahaan serta prosedur dan standar operasional.
34
From the excerpt above, the bold phrase belongs to a Noun Phrase. Because the noun phrase consists of determiner (a as an article) and premodifier (doctor’s certificate as a noun). In this case, it is translated using translation strategy that is cultural equivalent strategy. It can be seen the translator translated “a doctor’s certificate” in the source language into “surat dokter” in the target language. The translator translated this phrase “doctor’s certificate” to be “surat dokter”. This translation is acceptable and sounds natural, the reader also can easily understand.
Excerpt 19 Source Language Page Target Language Approval of request 4 Persetujuan atas for annual leave by permohonan cuti The Employee is at tahunan karyawan the entire akan diberikan discretion of The sesuai Hotel. kebijaksanaan Hotel
Page 4
From the excerpt above, the bold phrase belongs to a Noun Phrase. Because the noun phrase consists of determiner (the as an article), head (entire discretion as a noun) and postmodifier (of the hotel as prepositional phrase). In this case, it is translated using translation strategy that is cultural equivalent strategy. It can be seen the translator translated “the entire discretion of the hotel” in the source language into “kebijaksanaan hotel” in the target language. It can be concluded that the translator there is a great possibility of not transferring the meaning accurately. However, this strategy makes the sentences natural and easy to read.
35
4.2.6 Descriptive Equivalent
Excerpt 20 Source Language The contract period is for a duration of 1 (one) year from starting date.
Page Target Language Page 2 Kesepakatan Kerja 2 Waktu Tertentu ini berlaku selama jangka waktu 1 (satu) tahun sebelum Kesepakatan Kerja Waktu Tertentu berakhir.
From the excerpt above, the bold phrase belongs to a Noun Phrase. Because the noun phrase consists of determiner (the as an article) and head (contract period as a noun). In this case, it is translated using translation strategy that is descriptive equivalent. The translator translated “the contract period” in the source language into “kesepakatan kerja waktu tertentu ini” in the target language. It is clearly, the translator want to emphasize more about the contract period to the employee. Then, the translator used descriptive equivalent strategy because the translator adds the additional information in the target language. The contract period means duration of the contract. But, the translator use paraphrase on the target language to be kesepakatan kerja waktu tertentu ini. It make the context clear and the employee can easily understand this employment agreement.
Excerpt 21 Source Language In case of absence without prior written permission from or information to The Hotel (e.g. valid doctor’s
Page Target Language 2 Dalam masalah ketidakhadiran tanpa izin tertulis sebelumnya dari Hotel atau tidak memberi informasi kepada Hotel
Page 2
36
certificate), basic salary will automatically be deducted on a prorate basis.
(misalnya tidak ada surat keterangan sakit dari dokter), gaji pokok akan langsung dipotong secara prorata.
From the excerpt above, the bold phrase belongs to a Noun Phrase. Because the noun phrase consists of premodifier (valid as an adjective) and head (doctor’s certificate as a noun). In this phrase, it is translated using translation strategy that is descriptive equivalent strategy. The translator translated “valid doctor’s certificate” in the source language into “tidak ada surat keterangan sakit dari dokter” in the target language. According to www.merriam-webster.com , “valid” means fair or reasonable, acceptable according to the law. It is clearly seen that the translator want to emphasize more about the valid doctor’s certificate to the employee. Then, the translator add the additional information in the target language to be “tidak ada surat keterangan sakit dari dokter”. It is acceptable and make the raeders easily understand.
Excerpt 22 Source Language Page Target Language Social Insurance 3 Jaminan Sosial (JAMSOSTEK) Tenaga Kerja (JAMSOSTEK)
Page 3
From the excerpt above, the bold phrase belongs to a Noun Phrase. Because the noun phrase consists of premodifier (social) and head (insurance as noun) and postmodifier (JAMSOSTEK as an adverb). In this case, it is translated using translation strategy that is descriptive equivalent strategy. The translator translated Social Insurance (JAMSOSTEK) in the source language into “Jaminan Sosial Tenaga Kerja (JAMSOSTEK)” in the target language. It is clearly seen that the translator wants to emphasize more
37
about the social insurance that will be given to the employee. Moreover, the translator applies descriptive equivalent strategy. It happens because the translator adds additional information in the source language. However, it makes the context clear. As a result, the employee can easily understand the employment agreement.
Excerpt 23 Source Language Page Target Language The contract period 2 Kesepakatan Kerja is for a duration of Waktu Tertentu ini 1 (one) year from berlaku selama starting date. jangka waktu 1 (satu) tahun sebelum Kesepakatan Kerja Waktu Tertentu berakhir.
Page 2
From the excerpt above, the bold phrase belongs to a Noun Phrase. Because the noun phrase consists of premodifier (starting as an adjective) and head (date as noun). In this case, it is translated using translation strategy that is descriptive equivalent strategy. The translator translated starting date in the source language into “kesepakatan kerja waktu tertentu berakhir” in the target language. It is acceptable that the translator want to emphasize more about the starting date in the employment agreement. The phrase “starting date” means date of start the employee to work in that company. So, the translator add the additional information on the target language to be kesepakatan kerja waktu tertentu berakhir . However, this translation makes the context clear and as a result, the employee can easily understand this employment agreement.
38
Excerpt 24 Source Language Page Target Language Overtime 4 Pembayaran jam compensation only kerja lembur applies for Rank & hanya berlaku File. untuk bagian staff.
Page 4
From the excerpt above, the bold phrase belongs to a Noun Phrase. Because the noun phrase consists of premodifier (overtime as an adjective) and head (compensation as noun). In this case, it is translated using translation strategy that is descriptive equivalent strategy. The translator translated overtime compensation in the source language into pembayaran jam kerja lembur in the target language. It is clearly seen the translator want to emphasize more about the overtime compensation. The translator add the additional information in the target language. The overtime compensation means payment of the overtime work. This translation is acceptable during not change the message itself.
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION In this chapter, the researcher makes some conclusion and suggestion. 5.1. Conclusions Based on the analysis of chapter IV, it can be concluded that the writer of this employment agreement used English as the source language and the translator of this employment agreement used Indonesian as the target language. The reasearcher used theory of Quirk and Grenbaun (1985:1235) to analyze the noun phrase in this employment agreement. Based on Quirk and Grenbaun theory, the kind of noun phrase divided in 2 (two) category. First, simple or basic noun phrase can be expanded with modifier and noun. Second is complex noun phrase which longer than basic noun phrase and can be composed of four major components that is determiner, premodifiers, head noun, post modifier. Many noun phrases appears in the employment agreement and the researcher found 80 noun phrase. In the other way, based on the theory of translation strategy by Suryawinata dan Hariyanto (2003: 67-76). According to them, translation strategy deal with tactics used by the translator to render phrases of the original text. They divide translation strategy into two main types. The first one is structural strategies dealing with sentence structure, they are: addition, subtraction, transposition. The second one is semantic strategies dealing with the message being transferred, they are: borrowing, cultural equivalent, descriptive equivalent. From the data, the researcher found the highest frequency that mostly appears is 25% descriptive equivalent strategy, 22,5% subtraction strategy, then 21,25% transposition strategy, 20% cultural equivalent strategy and 10% addition strategy. The last, smallest unit is borrowing strategy only 1,6% data.
39
40
From the tables, the researcher concluded that the employment agreement of Grand Candi Hotel uses descriptive equivalent strategy as the dominant result. Because the employment agreement is formal letter, so the translator should explain the difficult words to make the readers especially the employee itself understand what the contents of the employment agreement.
5.2. Suggestion Based on the finding and conducting this research, the researcher give the suggestions for further studies : 1. A translator should be careful of the application shifts and equivalences. Learn about the grammatical structure of the source language and target language is the important thing for the translator and also cultures of both language. In addition, the translator should understand the meaning of the noun phrase in the source language and also can translate into the target language, to make the translation acceptable and accurate. 2. For the student that learn about this subject, to make the student understand about noun phrase and translation strategies according to Suryawinata and Hariyanto theory. This study be interesting to motivate student to do the analysis on translation. 3. The suggestion for the other researchers, to add the knowledge about translation strategies. This is so helpful to analyze the data of translation work.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Catford, J.C. 1965. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press. Dewi Prawita, Ni Ketut Riska. 2014. Shifts in Translation of Complex Noun Phrase from English into Indonesian in Oprah. Denpasar: Udayana University English dictionary online, mobile-dictionary.reverso.net/english-definition https ://repository.usd.ac.id/173/2/104214033_full.pdf. Retrieved June 5 Molina, L, and Albir, A. H. 2002. Translation Techniques Revisited: A Dynamic and Functionalist Approach. Available onlline from: http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/008033ar. Nababan, MR. 2003. Translation Processes, Practices and Products of Professional Indonesian Translators. New Zealand: University of Wellington Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation: Centre for Translation and Language Studies University of Survey. London and New York: Prentice Hall Nida, Eugene A. and Charles R. Taber. 1969. The Theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden : E.J. Brill. Putu Suari, A.A. 2011: English Noun Phrase Structure Found in Dewey Novel by Vicki Myron with Bret Witter undergraduate paper. Denpasar : Faculty of Letters Udayana University Quirk, R., Grenbaun, S., Leech, G. & Svartik, J. (1985). A comprehensive grammar of the English language. Harlow, Essex, England: Pearson Education. Radford, Andrew. 1988. Transformational Grammar a First Course: Cambridge University Press. Suryawinata, Zuchridin dan Sugeng Hariyanto. 2003. Translation: Bahasan Teori dan Penuntun Praktis Menerjemahkan. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. Wikipedia. Noun Phrase. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun_phrase. Retrieved on May 18
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
THE TRANSLATION STRATEGIES CLASSIFICATION No.
Source Language (SL)
1.
This employment agreement is made on Monday, 16 June 2014 between the General Manager, representing Grand Candi Hotel Semarang on behalf of P.T. Niagatama Arsaraya, domiciled in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, on one side and hereafter referred to as "The Hotel" and This employment agreement is made on Monday, 16 June 2014 between the General Manager, representing Grand Candi Hotel Semarang on behalf of P.T. Niagatama Arsaraya, domiciled in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, on one side and hereafter referred to as "The Hotel" and ... This employment agreement is made on Monday, 16 June 2014 between the General Manager, representing Grand Candi Hotel Semarang on behalf of P.T. Niagatama Arsaraya, domiciled in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, on one side and hereafter referred to as "The Hotel" and ... This employment agreement is made on Monday, 16 June 2014
2.
3.
4.
Target Language (TL) Kesepakatan Kerja Waktu Tertentu ini dibuat pada Senin, 16 Juni 2014 antara Pimpinan Umum, yang mewakili Grand Candi Hotel Semarang dan atas nama PT Niagatama Arsaraya, berlokasi di Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia, yang selanjutnya disebut sebagai pihak pertama yaitu "Hotel", dan
Page 1
Translation Strategy Addition
Kesepakatan Kerja Waktu Tertentu ini dibuat pada Senin, 16 Juni 2014 antara Pimpinan Umum, yang mewakili Grand Candi Hotel Semarang dan atas nama PT Niagatama Arsaraya, berlokasi di Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia, yang selanjutnya disebut sebagai pihak pertama yaitu "Hotel", dan ...
1
Cultural Equivalent
Kesepakatan Kerja Waktu Tertentu ini dibuat pada Senin, 16 Juni 2014 antara Pimpinan Umum, yang mewakili Grand Candi Hotel Semarang dan atas nama PT Niagatama Arsaraya, berlokasi di Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia, yang selanjutnya disebut sebagai pihak pertama yaitu "Hotel", dan ...
1
Borrowing
Kesepakatan Kerja Waktu Tertentu ini dibuat pada Senin, 16 Juni 2014 antara
1
Transposition
55
5.
6. 7. 8.
9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
between the General Manager, representing Grand Candi Hotel Semarang on behalf of P.T. Niagatama Arsaraya, domiciled in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, on one side and hereafter referred to as "The Hotel" and ... This employment agreement is made on Monday, 16 June 2014 between the General Manager, representing Grand Candi Hotel Semarang on behalf of P.T. Niagatama Arsaraya, domiciled in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, on one side and hereafter referred to as "The Hotel" and ... ID Number Date of Birth Acting for and on behalf of him/her self on the other side and hereafter referred to as “The Employee”. Article 1: Length of Agreement Place of Assignment Starting Date Ending Date The contract period is for a duration of 1 (one) year from starting date.
14.
The contract period is for a duration of 1 (one) year from starting date.
15.
The contract period is for a duration of 1 (one) year
Pimpinan Umum, yang mewakili Grand Candi Hotel Semarang dan atas nama PT Niagatama Arsaraya, berlokasi di Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia, yang selanjutnya disebut sebagai pihak pertama yaitu "Hotel", dan ... Kesepakatan Kerja Waktu Tertentu ini dibuat pada Senin, 16 Juni 2014 antara Pimpinan Umum, yang mewakili Grand Candi Hotel Semarang dan atas nama PT Niagatama Arsaraya, berlokasi di Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia, yang selanjutnya disebut sebagai pihak pertama yaitu "Hotel", dan ...
1
Subtraction
Nomor KTP/SIM Tanggal lahir Bertindak untuk dan atas nama pribadi yang selanjutnya disebut sebagai pihak kedua yaitu “Karyawan”. Pasal 1: Durasi Kesepakatan Kerja Waktu Tertentu Tempat penandatanganan Tanggal mulai bekerja Tanggal berakhir kerja Kesepakatan Kerja Waktu Tertentu ini berlaku selama jangka waktu 1 (satu) tahun sebelum Kesepakatan Kerja Waktu Tertentu berakhir. Kesepakatan Kerja Waktu Tertentu ini berlaku selama jangka waktu 1 (satu) tahun sebelum Kesepakatan Kerja Waktu Tertentu berakhir. Kesepakatan Kerja Waktu Tertentu ini berlaku selama
1 1 1
Transposition Transposition Subtraction
1
Addition
1 1 1 2
Subtraction Addition Addition Descriptive Equivalent
2
Transposition
2
Descriptive Equivalent
56
from starting date.
16.
The Hotel and The Employee may terminate this agreement before the ending date of this agreement by giving written notice as specified under article 10 (ten) to the other party.
17.
The Hotel and The Employee may terminate this agreement before the ending date of this agreement by giving written notice as specified under article 10 (ten) to the other party.
18.
The Hotel and The Employee may terminate this agreement before the ending date of this agreement by giving written notice as specified under article 10 (ten) to the other party.
19.
The Hotel and The Employee may terminate this agreement before the ending date of this agreement by giving written notice as specified under article 10 (ten) to the other party.
20.
The Hotel and The Employee may terminate this agreement before the ending date of this
jangka waktu 1 (satu) tahun sebelum Kesepakatan Kerja Waktu Tertentu berakhir. Salah satu pihak dapat memutuskan kesepakatan ini sebelum tanggal berakhirnya dengan memberikan pemberitahuan secara tertulis seperti yang tercantum dalam pasal 10 (sepuluh) sebelumnya kepada salah satu pihak lainnya. Salah satu pihak dapat memutuskan kesepakatan ini sebelum tanggal berakhirnya dengan memberikan pemberitahuan secara tertulis seperti yang tercantum dalam pasal 10 (sepuluh) sebelumnya kepada salah satu pihak lainnya. Salah satu pihak dapat memutuskan kesepakatan ini sebelum tanggal berakhirnya dengan memberikan pemberitahuan secara tertulis seperti yang tercantum dalam pasal 10 (sepuluh) sebelumnya kepada salah satu pihak lainnya. Salah satu pihak dapat memutuskan kesepakatan ini sebelum tanggal berakhirnya dengan memberikan pemberitahuan secara tertulis seperti yang tercantum dalam pasal 10 (sepuluh) sebelumnya kepada salah satu pihak lainnya. Salah satu pihak dapat memutuskan kesepakatan ini sebelum tanggal berakhirnya dengan memberikan
2
Cultural Equivalent
2
Transposition
2
Subtraction
2
Transposition
2
Cultural Equivalent
57
agreement by giving written notice as specified under article 10 (ten) to the other party.
21.
The Hotel and The Employee may terminate this agreement before the ending date of this agreement by giving written notice as specified under article 10 (ten) to the other party.
22.
The Employee agrees not to take employment with any other company for the duration of this agreement. The Employee agrees not to take employment with any other company for the duration of this agreement. The Hotel will pay The Employee a monthly total salary of … The breakdown is as follows : Basic Salary : Transportation Allowance : The total salary is gross.
23.
24.
25. 26. 27. 28. 29.
30.
31.
Income tax and other applicable taxes will be paid for by The Employee. Income tax and other applicable taxes will be paid for by The Employee. As per government tax regulations, The Hotel will automatically deduct these taxes from the salary of The Employee
pemberitahuan secara tertulis seperti yang tercantum dalam pasal 10 (sepuluh) sebelumnya kepada salah satu pihak lainnya. Salah satu pihak dapat memutuskan kesepakatan ini sebelum tanggal berakhirnya dengan memberikan pemberitahuan secara tertulis seperti yang tercantum dalam pasal 10 (sepuluh) sebelumnya kepada salah satu pihak lainnya. Karyawan setuju untuk tidak bekerja dengan perusahaan lain selama masa kontrak kerja berlaku.
2
Addition
2
Subtraction
Karyawan setuju untuk tidak bekerja dengan perusahaan lain selama masa kontrak kerja berlaku.
2
Addition
Hotel akan membayar gaji bulanan karyawan sebesar … Terdiri dari :
2
Subtraction
2
Subtraction
Gaji Pokok : Tunjangan Transportasi :
2 2
Transposition Transposition
Total gaji yang diberi merupakan jumlah kotor. Pajak penghasilan dan pajak lainnya akan dibayar oleh karyawan. Pajak penghasilan dan pajak lainnya akan dibayar oleh karyawan. Sesuai dengan peraturan pajak Pemerintah, Hotel secara langsung akan memotong pajak-pajak tersebut dari gaji kotor dan
2
Subtraction
2
Transposition
2
Subtraction
2
Descriptive Equivalent
58
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
and pay these on behalf of The Employee to the respective government body. As per government tax regulations, The Hotel will automatically deduct these taxes from the salary of The Employee and pay these on behalf of The Employee to the respective government body. As per government tax regulations, The Hotel will automatically deduct these taxes from the salary of The Employee and pay these on behalf of The Employee to the respective government body. As per government tax regulations, The Hotel will automatically deduct these taxes from the salary of The Employee and pay these on behalf of The Employee to the respective government body. In case of absence without prior written permission from or information to The Hotel (e.g. valid doctor’s certificate), basic salary will automatically be deducted on a prorate basis. In case of absence without prior written permission from or information to The Hotel (e.g. valid doctor’s certificate), basic salary
membayar kepada kantor pajak atas nama karyawan.
Sesuai dengan peraturan pajak Pemerintah, Hotel secara langsung akan memotong pajak-pajak tersebut dari gaji kotor dan membayar kepada kantor pajak atas nama karyawan.
2
Descriptive Equivalent
Sesuai dengan peraturan pajak Pemerintah, Hotel secara langsung akan memotong pajak-pajak tersebut dari gaji kotor dan membayar kepada kantor pajak atas nama karyawan.
2
Subtraction
Sesuai dengan peraturan pajak Pemerintah, Hotel secara langsung akan memotong pajak-pajak tersebut dari gaji kotor dan membayar kepada kantor pajak atas nama karyawan.
2
Cultural Equivalent
Dalam masalah ketidakhadiran tanpa izin tertulis sebelumnya dari Hotel atau tidak memberi informasi kepada Hotel (misalnya tidak ada surat keterangan sakit dari dokter), gaji pokok akan langsung dipotong secara prorata. Dalam masalah ketidakhadiran tanpa izin tertulis sebelumnya dari Hotel atau tidak memberi informasi kepada Hotel (misalnya tidak ada surat
2
Addition
2
Descriptive Equivalent
59
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
will automatically be keterangan sakit dari deducted on a prorate dokter), gaji pokok akan basis. langsung dipotong secara prorata. In case of absence Dalam masalah without prior written ketidakhadiran tanpa izin permission from or tertulis sebelumnya dari information to The Hotel Hotel atau tidak memberi (e.g. valid doctor’s informasi kepada Hotel certificate), basic salary (misalnya tidak ada surat will automatically be keterangan sakit dari deducted on a prorate dokter), gaji pokok akan basis. langsung dipotong secara prorata. In case of absence Dalam masalah without prior written ketidakhadiran tanpa izin permission from or tertulis sebelumnya dari information to The Hotel Hotel atau tidak memberi (e.g. valid doctor’s informasi kepada Hotel certificate), basic salary (misalnya tidak ada surat will automatically be keterangan sakit dari deducted on a prorate dokter), gaji pokok akan basis. langsung dipotong secara prorata. A doctor’s certificate Surat dokter harus must be obtained at a didapatkan di klinik atau hospital / clinic appointed rumah sakit yang telah di by The Hotel, in tunjuk oleh pihak Hotel, accordance with The namun tetap sesuai dengan Hotel’s rule & regulations peraturan perusahaan serta and policies & prosedur dan standar procedures. operasional. A doctor’s certificate Surat dokter harus must be obtained at a didapatkan di klinik atau hospital / clinic rumah sakit yang telah di appointed by The Hotel, tunjuk oleh pihak Hotel, in accordance with The namun tetap sesuai dengan Hotel’s rule & regulations peraturan perusahaan serta and policies & prosedur dan standar procedures. operasional. A doctor’s certificate Surat dokter harus must be obtained at a didapatkan di klinik atau hospital / clinic appointed rumah sakit yang telah di by The Hotel, in tunjuk oleh pihak Hotel, accordance with The namun tetap sesuai dengan Hotel’s rule & regulations peraturan perusahaan serta and policies & prosedur dan standar
2
Transposition
2
Subtraction
2-3
Cultural Equivalent
2-3
Subtraction
2-3
Descriptive Equivalent
60
42.
43. 44.
procedures. The Hotel will provide The Employee the following benefits: Social Insurance (JAMSOSTEK). Basic Health Insurance (as per hotel policy).
45.
Basic Health Insurance (as per hotel policy).
46.
One duty meal per shift at the Employee Dining Room.
47.
Annual religious holiday allowance (THR) of 1 (one) x basic salary. THR will be paid to The Employee on completion of 1 (one) full year of employment or on prorate basis if employed by The Hotel for less than 1 (one) year. THR will be paid to The Employee on completion of 1 (one) full year of employment or on prorate basis if employed by The Hotel for less than 1 (one) year. Article 2.3 Service Charge Service Charge is a not a part of salary.
48.
49.
50. 51.
52.
53.
54.
Service charge will be collected from the hotel guest on a monthly basis. Service charge will be collected from the hotel guest on a monthly basis. Service Charge will be distributed 50% after 3 (three) months
operasional. Hotel akan memberikan beberapa manfaat kepada karyawan sebagai berikut: Jaminan Sosial Tenaga Kerja (JAMSOSTEK). Asuransi Kesehatan (sesuai dengan kebijaksanaan hotel). Asuransi Kesehatan (sesuai dengan kebijaksanaan hotel). Tunjangan makan diberikan hanya satu kali untuk tiap pergantian tugas dan diberikan di ruang makan karyawan. THR akan diberikan 1 (satu) x gaji pokok.
3
Addition
3
Descriptive Equivalent Descriptive Equivalent
3
3
Transposition
3
Descriptive Equivalent
3
Descriptive Equivalent
THR akan diberikan kepada karyawan yang telah bekerja selama 1 (satu) tahun penuh atau pro rata untuk karyawan yang bekerja kurang dari 1 (satu) tahun. THR akan diberikan kepada karyawan yang telah bekerja selama 1 (satu) tahun penuh atau pro rata untuk karyawan yang bekerja kurang dari 1 (satu) tahun.
3
Descriptive Equivalent
3
Subtraction
Pasal 2.3 Jasa Pelayanan Jasa Pelayanan tidak termasuk sebagai komponen gaji. Jasa Pelayanan akan didapat dari tamu hotel setiap bulannya. Jasa Pelayanan akan didapat dari tamu hotel setiap bulannya. Jasa Pelayanan dibagikan 50% setelah 3 (tiga) bulan evaluasi dan berdasarkan
3 3
Transposition Cultural Equivalent
3
Transposition
3
Subtraction
3
Cultural Equivalent
61
55.
56. 57. 58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
evaluation and based on The Hotel’s revenue. Service charge will be distributed 50% after 3 (three) months evaluation and based on The Hotel’s revenue. Article 3: Working Hours & Annual Leaves Article 3: Working Hours & Annual Leave The Employee is required to work 40 (forty) hours per working week. The Employee is entitled 1 (one) day off per working week. Both parties, fully agree that The Hotel reserves the sole right to schedule The Employee’s working hours, shift, day off, in accordance with the operational needs of The Hotel. Both parties, fully agree that The Hotel reserves the sole right to schedule The Employee’s working hours, shift, day off, in accordance with the operational needs of The Hotel. Both parties, fully agree that The Hotel reserves the sole right to schedule The Employee’s working hours, shift, day off, in accordance with the operational needs of The Hotel. Both parties, fully agree that The Hotel reserves the sole right to schedule The Employee’s working hours, shift, day off, in accordance with the
pendapatan Hotel. Jasa Pelayanan akan dibagikan 50% setelah 3 (tiga) bulan evaluasi dan berdasarkan pendapatan Hotel. Pasal 3: Jam Kerja dan Cuti Tahunan. Pasal 3: Jam Kerja dan Cuti Tahunan. Karyawan wajib bekerja selama 40 (empat puluh) jam per minggu. Karyawan berhak libur 1 (satu) hari setelah bekerja selama 1 (satu) minggu. Kedua belah pihak setuju dan menyetujui untuk menjalankan, menjadwal jam kerja karyawan, jam pertukaran kerja, hari libur, sesuai dengan kebutuhan operasional hotel.
3
Transposition
3
Transposition
3
Transposition
3-4
Subtraction
3-4
Descriptive Equivalent
4
Cultural Equivalent
Kedua belah pihak setuju dan menyetujui untuk menjalankan, menjadwal jam kerja karyawan, jam pertukaran kerja, hari libur, sesuai dengan kebutuhan operasional hotel.
4
Subtraction
Kedua belah pihak setuju dan menyetujui untuk menjalankan, menjadwal jam kerja karyawan, jam pertukaran kerja, hari libur, sesuai dengan kebutuhan operasional hotel.
4
Subtraction
Kedua belah pihak setuju dan menyetujui untuk menjalankan, menjadwal jam kerja karyawan, jam pertukaran kerja, hari libur, sesuai dengan kebutuhan
4
Cultural Equivalent
62
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
operational needs of The Hotel. Both parties, fully agree that The Hotel reserves the sole right to schedule The Employee’s working hours, shift, day off, in accordance with the operational needs of The Hotel. The Employee is entitled to 12 (twelve) working days of annual leave per 12 (twelve) months which may be taken after completion of 12 (twelve) months of service. The Employee is entitled to 12 (twelve) working days of annual leave per 12 (twelve) months which may be taken after completion of 12 (twelve) months of service. The Employee’s annual leave will be scheduled by The Hotel according to the operational needs of The Hotel. The Employee’s annual leave will be scheduled by The Hotel according to the operational needs of The Hotel. The Employee’s annual leave will be scheduled by The Hotel according to the operational needs of The Hotel. Approval of request for annual leave by The Employee is at the entire discretion of The Hotel. Approval of request for annual leave by The Employee is at the entire discretion of The Hotel.
operasional hotel. Kedua belah pihak setuju dan menyetujui untuk menjalankan, menjadwal jam kerja karyawan, jam pertukaran kerja, hari libur, sesuai dengan kebutuhan operasional hotel.
4
Cultural Equivalent
Karyawan berhak mendapat 12 (dua belas) hari kerja untuk cuti tahunan setiap 12 (dua belas) bulan, yang dapat diambil setelah bekerja selama 12 (dua belas bulan) berturut-turut. Karyawan berhak mendapat 12 (dua belas) hari kerja untuk cuti tahunan setiap 12 (dua belas) bulan, yang dapat diambil setelah bekerja selama 12 (dua belas bulan) berturut-turut. Cuti tahunan karyawan akan diatur sesuai dengan kebutuhan operasional.
4
Descriptive Equivalent
4
Descriptive Equivalent
4
Descriptive Equivalent
Cuti tahunan karyawan akan diatur sesuai dengan kebutuhan operasional.
4
Subtraction
Cuti tahunan karyawan akan diatur sesuai dengan kebutuhan operasional.
4
Cultural Equivalent
Persetujuan atas permohonan cuti tahunan karyawan akan diberikan sesuai kebijaksanaan Hotel. Persetujuan atas permohonan cuti tahunan karyawan akan diberikan sesuai kebijaksanaan Hotel.
4
Descriptive Equivalent
4
Cultural Equivalent
63
72.
Above 2 (two) points will be in accordance with prevailing Labour Laws and Government Regulations.
73.
Above 2 (two) points will be in accordance with prevailing Labour Laws and Government Regulations.
74.
Overtime will be remunerated by The Hotel, in accordance with the operational needs of The Hotel. The Employee agrees that refusal of a request for overtime by The Hotel constitutes a violation of the rules and regulations of The Hotel, which will lead to disciplinary action.
75.
76.
The Employee agrees that refusal of a request for overtime by The Hotel constitutes a violation of the rules and regulations of The Hotel, which will lead to disciplinary action.
77.
The Employee agrees that refusal of a request for overtime by The Hotel constitutes a violation of the rules and regulations of The Hotel, which will lead to disciplinary action.
78.
Overtime compensation only applies for Rank & File.
Mengenai 2 (dua) artikel diatas akan disesuaikan dengan Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan dan Peraturan Pemerintah yang berlaku. Mengenai 2 (dua)artikel diatas akan disesuaikan dengan Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan dan Peraturan Pemerintah yang berlaku. Lembur akan dibayar oleh Hotel, sesuai dengan kebutuhan operasional Hotel.
4
Cultural Equivalent
4
Cultural Equivalent
4
Cultural Equivalent
Karyawan menyetujui bahwa penolakan terhadap permintaan kerja lembur merupakan pelanggaran terhadap peraturan perusahaan yang telah ditetapkan oleh hotel dan akan dikenakan tindakan disiplin. Karyawan menyetujui bahwa penolakan terhadap permintaan kerja lembur merupakan pelanggaran terhadap peraturan perusahaan yang telah ditetapkan oleh hotel dan akan dikenakan tindakan disiplin. Karyawan menyetujui bahwa penolakan terhadap permintaan kerja lembur merupakan pelanggaran terhadap peraturan perusahaan yang telah ditetapkan oleh hotel dan akan dikenakan tindakan disiplin. Pembayaran jam kerja lembur hanya berlaku untuk bagian staff.
4
Descriptive Equivalent
4
Descriptive Equivalent
4
Transposition
4
Descriptive Equivalent
64
79.
80.
Overtime compensation only applies for Rank & File. The Hotel will provide The Employee with a standard issue of uniform, hotel or individual departmental standards.
Pembayaran jam kerja lembur hanya berlaku untuk bagian staff. Hotel akan menyediakan seragam untuk karyawan sesuai dengan standar hotel atau sesuai kebutuhan departemen masingmasing.
4
Cultural Equivalent
5
Descriptive Equivalent
