ISSN: 2302-920X Jurnal Humanis, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Unud 2017: Vol 19.1 Mei 2017:349-355
Noun Phrases and Their Translation Shifts in A Movie Entitled “Sherlock Holmes 2: A Game Of Shadows” By Guy Ritchie Putu Irvan Dipawangsa1*, I Nyoman Sedeng.2, I Wayan Suardhana3 [123] English Department, Faculty of Arts, Udayana University 1 [
[email protected]] 2[
[email protected]] 3 [
[email protected]] * Corresponding Author
Abstrak Penelitian ini berjudul “Noun Phrases and Their Translation Shifts in a Movie Entitled “Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows” By Guy Ritchie. Penelitian ini memformulasikan dua jenis masalah yaitu jenis pergeseran yang ditemukan dalam terjemahan dari Frasa Kata Benda Bahasa Inggris ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia, dan kesetaraan makna diantara keduanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis pergeseran yang terjadi dalam terjemahan dan menemukan kesetaraan makna dari Frasa Kata Benda Bahasa Inggris ke Frase Kata Benda Indonesia sendiri. Sumber data penelitian ini diambil dari film oleh Guy Ritchie berjudul “Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows” dan terjemahan subtitle Indonesianya oleh Lebah Ganteng. Data dikumpulkan dan diklasifikasikan ke dalam dua kategori dengan menggunakan metode studi pustaka, dokumentasi dan teknik pencatatan. Data kemudian dianalisis melalui metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori yang dikemukakan oleh Catford dalam buku yang berjudul “A Linguistic Theory of Translation”. Hasil penelitian ini didasarkan pada dua masalah yang dirumuskan dalam penelitian ini, di mana yang pertama, ditemukan bahwa jenis pergeseran seperti pergeseran struktur, pergeseran kelas, pergeseran unit, dan pergeseran intra-sistem terjadi di produk terjemahan. Yang kedua yang merupakan kesetaraan makna yaitu korespondensi formal dan kesetaraan tekstual juga ditemukan dalam penelitian. Dari hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan dalam hal pembentukan struktur kata antara bahasa sumber dan bahasa sasaran, yang menyebabkan terjadinya pergeseran terjemahan dan kesetaraan makna. Berdasarkan pertimbangan ini, penerjemah menerjemahkan makna dari bahasa sumber ke dalam bahasa sasaran dengan menggunakan konsep kesetaraan terdekat, sehingga makna itu sendiri tetap ada setelah proses terjemahan. Kata Kunci: frasa kata benda, terjemahan, kesetaraan, pergeseran
1. Background of Study Considering English has become an International Language, the need of mastery in terms of using the language has become considerably significant. This is due to the
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ISSN: 2302-920X Jurnal Humanis, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Unud 2017: Vol 19.1 Mei 2017:349-355
fact that otherwise, one might not be able to fulfill what it takes to survive in such a globalization era, by which therefore, the role of translation is now getting important for the sake of mutual understanding between the multi-language users. Translation plays the greatest role in terms of communications involving more than one country and language. People are now obliged to be able to communicate in English as the international language – a fact just about all people in the world today realize for the reason that modern sciences and technologies are written in English. Shift is one of the translation techniques, and is very common with its characteristics. According to Catford (1978:3), it is delivered that there is no exact equivalence from the source language (SL) into the target language (TL), by which therefore, shift in translation is unavoidable.
2. Problems of Study The problems of this study were formulated to be as follows: 1. What types of shift are identified in the translation of English noun phrases into Indonesian in the “Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows” movie’s subtitle? 2. What translation equivalence are found in the translation of English noun phrases into Indonesian in the “Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows” movie’s subtitle?
3. Aims of the Study Based on the formulation of problems above, this study was conducted to investigate the materials in order to meet the following purposes: 1. To identify and describe the types of shift occurring in the translation of noun phrases in the “Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows” movie’s subtitle. 2. To find out and describe the translation equivalence of noun phrase from the source language to the target language.
4. Research Method Research method is an important and fundamental procedure to obtain scientific and systematic research. The method used during this research was divided
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ISSN: 2302-920X Jurnal Humanis, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Unud 2017: Vol 19.1 Mei 2017:349-355
into three parts; they were data source, method and technique of collecting data, method and technique of analyzing data, and method and technique of presenting data analysis.
5. Finding And Discussion This analysis presents the types of category shift and translation equivalence
5.1 Data 1 Table of Data SLT TLT Bad people do bad things because Penjahat melakukan hal buruk karena mereka they can. (SHAGOS, 2011, line: 210) ada kesempatan. (SHAGOS, 2011, line: 210) Table of Analysis of Phrase Structure Shift SLT TLT NP NP Modifier
Head
Head
Modifier
Adjective Bad
N Things
N Hal
Adjective Buruk
The structure of English NP is Modifier + Head; while on the contrary, the structure of Indonesian NP is Head + Modifier. The English NP (SL) “Bad things” appears to be “Hal buruk” after being translated into the TL, not “Buruk Hal”, which is due to the fact that English as the SL and Indonesia as the TL have different system from each other. 5.2 Data 2 Table of Data SLT I'll have Caruthers put some fuel into that motor carriage of yours. (SHAGOS, 2011, line: 410)
TLT Akan kusuruh seseorang untuk mengisi bahan bakar ke kereta mesinmu. (SHAGOS, 2011, line: 410)
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ISSN: 2302-920X Jurnal Humanis, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Unud 2017: Vol 19.1 Mei 2017:349-355
Table of Analysis of Class Shift from Adjective to Noun: SLT
TLT
NP
NP
Modifier
Head
Head
Modifier
Adjective
N
N
N
Some
fuel
Bahan
bakar
From the table above, it is revealed that the NP (SL) “Some Fuel” is translated into NP “Bahan Bakar” (TL), in which the head of NP in SL “fuel” is translated into “bahan” in the TL, while on the other hand, the adjective from the SL “some” functioning as the modifier is translated into a noun “bakar” in the TL which functions similarly to that of the SL. From the explanation above, this is the type of class shift since the noun phrase of the SL which is (Adj. (Modifier) +N (Head) is translated into N (head) + N (Modifier) in the TL, in which the adjective is shifted into a noun. 5.3 Data 3 Table of Data SLT TLT It’s about her brother I tell you. When Ini berkaitan dengan kakaknya. Ketika we find him and we must … After you ketika menemukannya, kita harus… find my luggage. Setelah kau temukan koperku dulu. (SHAGOS, 2011, line: 613) (SHAGOS, 2011, line: 613)
Table of Analysis of Unit Shift of a Higher to a Lower Rank SLT
TLT
NP
NP
Modifier
Head
Head
Adjective
N
N
Her
Brother
Kakaknya
As shown by the table above, the English NP “her brother” (SL) is translated into a word “Kakaknya” in Indonesian NP (TL), in which the phrase from the SL is shifted into a word in the TL, indicating the appearance of unit shift (From a phrase to a noun).
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ISSN: 2302-920X Jurnal Humanis, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Unud 2017: Vol 19.1 Mei 2017:349-355
5.4 Data 5 Table of Data SLT A curious parcel, who is the intended recipient? (SHAGOS, 2011, line: 16)
TLT Bingkisan yang mencurigakan, siapa penerimanya? (SHAGOS, 2011, line: 16)
Table of Analysis of Intra-System Shift in Terms of Determiner
Modifier Determiner
SLT NP Modifier Adj
Head N
A
Curious
Parcel
Head N
TLT NP Conj. Conj.
Modifier Adjective
Bingkisan
Yang
Mencurigakan
From the table above, the English NP “A curious parcel” which contains a determiner „a‟ indicating an indefinite object is translated into “Bingkisan yang mencurigakan” in Indonesian NP with no translated determiner. In this case, there is a shift in terms of internal system from the SL to the TL due to the different linguistic system, in which in English, countable nouns should be followed by articles (a, an, the), while in Indonesian Language, putting articles is unnecessary. 5.5 Data 6 Table of Data SLT You lost a few pounds. (SHAGOS, 2011, line: 157)
TLT Berat badanmu menurun beberapa kg. (SHAGOS, 2011, line: 157)
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ISSN: 2302-920X Jurnal Humanis, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Unud 2017: Vol 19.1 Mei 2017:349-355
Table of Analysis of Formal Correspondence NP of SLT
NP of TLT
Quantifier
Quantifier
Head
Quantifier
Head
Adverb
Adverb
N
Numeralia
N
A
Few
Pounds
Beberapa
Kg
Observing the table above, it is shown that the English NP “A few pounds”, is translated into Indonesian noun phrase “Beberapa kg”, in which the quantifiers “A few” in the SL is transferred into an exact equivalence in Indonesian numeralia “Beberapa”. In addition, the English NP contains a plural marker indicated by the appearance of suffix –s attaching on the word “pound”, which is re-expressed in Indonesian numeralia “beberapa”, indicating plurality in the TL. Based on the analysis above, it can be said that the translation fits the requirement of having to be relevant to the TL (Catford: 1965). 5.6 Data 7 Table of Data SLT You didn't tell me about a Colonel ...Sebastian Moran. The best marksmanship in British Army. (SHAGOS, 2011, line: 816)
TLT Kau tak menyebut nama Kolonel Sebastian Moran. Si mata elang tertajam dari Pasukan Inggris. (SHAGOS, 2011, line: 816)
Table of Analysis of Textual Equivalence:
Modifier
SLT NP Modifier
Head
TLT NP Modifier
Head
Modifier
Determiner
Adjective
N
N
N
Adj.
The
Best
Marksmanship
Mata
Elang
Tertajam
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ISSN: 2302-920X Jurnal Humanis, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Unud 2017: Vol 19.1 Mei 2017:349-355
The English NP “The best marksmanship” in the table above, is translated into Indonesian NP “Mata elang tertajam” as the TL, in which there are two different terms being used in both language but are considered having the same idea despite being literally unrelated. According to Oxford dictionary, the word “marksmanship” refers to a skill in shooting from a particular distance using any kinds of projectile, e.g. rifle, bow, handgun, which is equivalent to the idea of “Mata elang tertajam” as a figure of animal possessing high level of targeting its prey from afar according to Indonesian idiom. Therefore, considering the two terms have equality and relevance in the meaning and feature of essence (Catford: 1965), this translation is considered equivalent despite the different form. 6. Conclusion Based on the discussion, there were 4 types of shift identified in the data source, namely structure shift, class shift, unit shift, and intra-system shift which appeared in the form of phrases. In addition, there were two types of translation equivalence found in the data source, namely formal correspondence and textual equivalence which were also in the form of phrases. 7. Bibliography Alwi, Hasan, et al. 2003. Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. Cadford, J.C. 1965. A Linguistic Theory of Translation.London: Oxford University Press. Khorshidhi,Navid. 2008. The Application of Catford‟s Shift on the Persian Translation of Oliver Twist by YusofGharib. Volume 37. Nida, E.A.1975. Languange Structure and Translation: Essays-. Stanford University Press. Steel, Danielle. 2000. The House on Hope Street. Great Britain: Bangtan Press.
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