THESIS
THE X-BAR THEORY USED IN ANALYSING THE TRANSLATION SHIFT OF THE ENGLISH NOUN PHRASES INTO INDONESIAN WITH REFERENCE TO THE TWILIGHT: NEW MOON
Thesis as a fulfilment to obtain a Master Degree In Translation Studies, Postgraduate Program Udayana University
NI KETUT DIANI MAHASARI Reg. No 0990161036
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM LINGUISTIC MASTER PROGRAM IN TRANSLATION STUDIES UDAYANA UNIVERSITY DENPASAR 2012
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APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis was approved on January 4th 2012
First Supervisor,
Second Supervisor,
Prof. Drs. Ketut Artawa, M.A, Ph.D NIP 19561024 198303 1 002
Prof. Dr. Made Budiarsa, M.A NIP 19530107 198103 1 002
Approved by
Head of Master Program In Linguistic Department Postgraduate Program
Director of Postgraduate Program Udayana University
Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Suparwa,M.Hum. NIP 19620310 198503 1 005
Prof.Dr.dr. A.A. Raka Sudewi, Sp.S(K) NIP 19590215 198510 2 001
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This thesis has been examined by the Examining Board on January 4th, 2012
The examiner committee according to the Decree of Rector of Udayana University, No.0056/UN14.4/HK/2012
Chairman
: Prof. Drs. Ketut Artawa, M.A., Ph.D.
Secretary
: Prof. Dr. Made Budiarsa, M.A
Members
:
1. Prof. Dr. I Nengah Sudipa, M.A. 2. Dr. Frans. I Made Brata, M.Hum. 3. I Nyoman Aryawibawa, S.S., M.A., Ph.D.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, thanks and praises are all for Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa for His blessing to me so this thesis can be completed. My sincere gratitude and greatest appreciation are for Prof. Drs. Ketut Artawa, MA Ph.D as the first supervisor and Prof. Dr. Made Budiarsa, MA as the second supervisor for their invaluable advices in completing this writing. My gratitude extends to the Rector of Udayana University, the Director of Postgraduate School, Dean of Faculty of Letters, Head of the Master Program in Linguistics and all the staff for their support and assistance during my study. Also, I am deeply indebted to all the lecturers of Translation study for their motivation and sharing knowledge especially about translation. Then, from the bottom of my heart, I would like to give my special thanks to my lovely husband and son: Pt Budhi RS and Pt Lingga Pramana Nayottama for their love which complete my life. For my beloved parents: I Gde Putra, Nym Paslina, Nym Sundra, and IGA Supadmini for their support, care and understanding. Also, for my beloved sisters and brothers: m. Aniek, m. Adek, k. Mande and Bayu for their support, advice, help and motivation. And the last, but not least, thanks for my lovely friends in Translation studies: mb Dwi, Moy, Lis, Heni, Devi, mb Lila, and all the translation studies’09 for their friendship and support especially during the process of completing this writing. Also, for those whom I find it is impossible to mention one by one, also all the person who have shared their patience and attention for me.
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Most of all, I hope this thesis can be useful for the readers, especially the translation studies. However, nothing is perfect, therefore critics and suggestions are appreciated.
Denpasar, December 2011
Ni Ketut Diani Mahasari
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ABSTRAK
Studi ini merupakan studi deskriptif kualitatif yang berjudul The x-bar theory used in analysing the translation shift of the English noun phrases into Indonesian with reference to The Twilight: New Moon. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengklasifikasikan tipe – tipe pergeseran dalam penerjemahan dan untuk menjelaskan mengapa pergeseran tersebut terjadi dalam penerjemahan kata benda dalam bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia. Seperti yang diungkapkan oleh Catford (1965) bahwa pergeseran penerjemahan berawal dari kesepadanan formal yang terjadi dalam proses penerjemahan bahasa sumber ke bahasa sasaran. Data – data dalam studi ini diambil dari novel The Twilight: New Moon yang ditulis oleh Stephanie Meyer dan terjemahannya ke bahasa Indonesia oleh MonicaDwi Chresnayani. Data yang telah dikumpulkan dipilih secara acak sebagai contoh dan kemudian dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yakni: kelompok yang diterjemahkan menjadi kata benda dalam bahasa Indonesia, serta kelompok yang diterjemahkan menjadi non-kata benda. Kemudian kata benda dalam bahasa Inggris serta padanannya dalam bahasa Indonesia dibandingkan menggunakan struktur sintaksis berdasarkan teori x-bar yang diungkapkan oleh Radford (1988). Hal ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemunculan pergeseran dalam penerjemahan tersebut. Dan apabila terjadi pergeseran dalam penerjemahan kata benda tersebut, maka selanjutnya akan ditentukan pergeseran yang terjadi tersebut termasuk dalam tipe pergeseran yang mana, sesuai dengan teori yang diungkapkan oleh Catford (1965). Dan, pengurangan dan penambahan informasi dalam penerjemahan juga akan dianalasis menggunakan teori dari Nida (1975). Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa pergeseran terjadi dalam penerjemahan kata benda dalam bahasa Inggris menjadi bahasa Indonesia. Pada kata benda bahasa Inggris yang diterjemahkan menjadi kata benda juga dalam bahasa Indonesia, terjadi pergeseran seperti pergeseran struktur dan pergeseran intra-sistem. Sedangkan pada kata benda bahasa Inggris yang diterjemahkan menjadi non – kata benda dalam bahasa Indonesia, pergeseran yang muncul adalah pergeseran kelas dan juga pergeseran unit. Dan disimpulkan bahwa lebih banyak terjadi penguranan informasi dalam penerjemahan kata benda bahasa Inggris menjadi bahasa Indonesia.
Kata kunci: pergeseran dalam penerjemahan, pengurangan informasi dalam penerjemahan, penambahan informasi dalam penerjemahan, kesepadanan.
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ABSTRACT
This study belongs to a descriptive qualitative research entitled The x-bar theory used in analysing the translation shift of the English noun phrases into Indonesian with reference to The Twilight: New Moon. The objectives of this research are to classify the types of translation shift and to describe why the shift occurs in the translation of the English noun phrases into Indonesian. According to Catford (1965), ‘shifts’ departures from formal correspondence in the process of going from the SL to the TL. The data was taken from the novel The Twilight: New Moon by Stephanie Meyer and its Indonesian translation by Monica Dwi Chresnayani. The collected data had been chosen randomly and divided into two; that is translated into noun phrase and that is translated into non-noun phrase. Then, both the English noun phrases and their Indonesian translation were compared by finding out the difference seen in the syntactic structure based on the x-bar theory proposed by Radford (1988). This was done in order to know if the translation shift occurs. Then it was analyzed to find out the type of shift according to the theory proposed by Catford (1965). Also, the loss and gain of information was analyzed here based on the theory proposed by Nida (1975). The result shows that there are the occurrences of shift in the translation of the English noun phrases into Indonesian. In the English noun phrases which are translated into noun phrase in Indonesian, the structure shift and intra system shift occur there. Meanwhile in the English noun phrases which are translated into nonnoun phrases, the translation shifts occur are class shift and also unit shift. And in those translations, loss of information mostly occurs.
Keyword: translation shifts, loss of information, gain of information, equivalence
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TABLE OF CONTENT
Page COVER......................................................................................................
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PREREQUISITE TITLE...........................................................................
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APPROVAL SHEET.................................................................................
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THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS................................................................
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..........................................................................
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ABSTRACT...............................................................................................
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TABLE OF CONTENT.............................................................................
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ABBREVIATION......................................................................................
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background…………………………......…….........………………………….1 1.2 Problems of Study……………………….….…………………………………4 1.3 Aims of Study……………………………..………....………………………..4 1.3.1 General Aims.........................................................................................4 1.3.2 Specific Aims.........................................................................................5 1.4 Significances of Study……………… ………………….…………………….5 1.5 Scope of Study…………………………………………..…………………….6 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW, CONCEPTS, THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK AND RESEARCH MODEL 2.1 Literature Reviews……………………………………..……………………...7 2.2 Concepts 2.2.1 The X-bar Theory...................................................................................10
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2.2.2 Translation shift…….…......…………………………………………...11 2.2.3 Noun Phrase.......…………………..…………………………........…...11 2.2.4 Loss and Gain of Information.................................................................11 2.3 Theoritical Framework 2.3.1 Translation...............................................................................................12 2.3.2 Types of Translation……….……………………………………..........12 2.3.3 Equivalence…………………………………………………..…...........13 2.3.4 Types of Equivalence…………………………………..….......…….....14 2.3.5 Shift……………………………………………………………...……..15 2.3.6 Noun Phrase……………………………………………….……...…....18 2.3.7 Loss and Gain of Information................................................................22 2.3.8 Research model……………………………………………………......24 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD 3.1 Research Approach……………………………………………...........……...26 3.2 Data Source……………………………………………………………..........26 3.3 Method of Collecting Data…………………………………………………...27 3.4 Method of Analyzing Data...............................................................................27 3.5 Method of Presenting Analysis…………………………………………........28 CHAPTER IV THE X-BAR THEORY USED IN ANALYSING THE TRANSLATION SHIFT OF THE ENGLISH NOUN PHRASES INTO INDONESIAN WITH REFERENCE TO THE TWILIGHT: NEW MOON 4.1 NP translated into NP.......................................................................................29 4.2 NP translated into non NP................................................................................52
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CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusion.......................................................................................................65 5.2 Suggestions......................................................................................................66 BIBLIOGRAPHY.......………………………….......……………...............…...67 APPENDICES......................................................................................................69
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ABBREVIATION
A
: Adjective
AP
: Adjectival Phrase
Adv
: Adverb
AdvP : Adverbial Phrase D
: Determiner
M
: Modal
N
: Noun
NP
: Noun Phrase
P
: Preposition
PP
: Prepositional Phrase
S
: Sentence
SLT
: Source Language text
TLT
: Target Language text
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