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Volume 15, Number 2,2008

AncnenorocY AND Isren,t IN INDONESIA Michael Wood

Isr-urarc Le.urz Vrnsus AoAT: DnsATn Asour INsnrutnNCE LA\r AND THE RTSE OT CAPI:IRUSI,T IN MINANGKABAU Yasrul Huda

PerrutwArnANcAuot tc Pnoprps oF CIKoANG, Souru Sur.trurrnsr, A Locer PReclcB oF MoRTUARY, Rtruer IN THE Ist-tl,tIc CourrluNltv MuhammadAdlin Sila ISSN 0215-0492

STI]DIA ISTAilIIKA lndonesian Joumal for lslamic Studies

Vol. 15. n0.2.2008

EDITORIALBOARD:

M. Quraish Shihab (UlN laturta)

Taufik Abdullah (LIPI lakarta) Nur A. Fadhil Lubis (IAIN Sumatra Utara) M.C. Ricklefs ( Melbourne Uniuersity ) Martin aan Bruinessen (Utrecht Uniaersity) lohn R. Bowen (Wnshington Uniztersity, St. Louis) M. Atho Mudzhar (IAIN Yogyakarta) M. Kamal Hasnn (lnternational Islamic Uniaersity, Kuala Lumpur) M. Bary Hooker (Australian National Uniaersity, Australin) Virginia Matheson Hooker ( Australian N ational Uniaersity, Australin)

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Azyumardi Azra EDITORS lajat Burhanuddin SaifuI Mujani

lamhari Fu'ad labali Oman Fathurahman

ASSISTANT TO THE EDITORS Setyadi Sulaiman Testriono

ENGLISH LANGUAGE ADVISOR Cheyne Scott

ARABIC LANGUAGE ADVISOR Masri el-Mahsyar Bidin

COVERDESIGNER S.

Prinka

STUDIA ISLAMIKA (ISSN 0215-0492) is a journal published by the Center for the Study of lslam and Society (PPIM) UIN Syarif Hidayatullnh,lakarta (STT DEPPEN No. 129/SK/ DITIEN/PPG/STT/1976). It specializes in Indonesian Islamic studies in particular, and Southeast Asian Islamic Studies in general, and is intended to communicate original resenrches and current issues on the subject. This journal warmly welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines.

AII articles published do not necessarily represent the aiews of the journal, or other institutions to which it is affiliated. They are solely the aiews of the authors. The articles contained in this journal haae been refereed by the Board of Editors.

STUDIA ISLAMIKA has been accredited by The Ministry of National Education, Republic of lndonesia as an academic journal (SK Dirjen Dikti No. 23I/DIKTU2004).

Setyadi Sulaiman - Testriono

Kitab li al-harakat al-Islamiyyah: Fahm Dinamikiyyah al-Islam fi al-kharmi al-jami'I fi Indonesia al-Mu'asirah

Abstrak: Belakangan ini,

perkembengan Islam Indonesia menyaksiknn membanjirnya buku-buku Islam secara signifiknn. HaI ini ditandsi terutama dari jumlahnya yang semakin meningkat. Meski terkesan berlebifuan, banyak sarjana berpendapat bshwa buku-buku Islam tumbuh sedemikian rupa mendominasi koleksi buku-buku di banyak toko buku di

sejumlahkota di Indonesin. Bersama denganbuku-buku Islam, media cetak Iain juga mengalami peningkatan, yakni majalah, buletin, dan lagu-lagu bernafaskan Islam yang dikemas dalam bentuk audio aisual. P e s at ny a p e r t umb uh an b uku -b uku I sl am inib i s a dil ihat d ar i p e r t amb ah an secara berarti jumlah penerbit yang bergerak dalam memproduksi buku Islam. Laporan Ikatan Penerbitan Indonesia OKAPI) menunjukknnbshwa penerbit buku Islam mengalami peningkntan sejakbeberapa tahun terakhir, dari 515 pada 2002 menjadi 766 penerbit pada 2006. Bersama dengan itu, sejak 200L Indonesia juga menyaksikan diselenggarakannya pameran

nasional khusus untuk buku-buku Islam, Islamic Book Fair (IBF). Hal ini memberi satu indikasi bahwa buku-buku Islam telah berkembang meniadi satu kategori penting dalam dunia penerbitan, dan akhirnya satu unsur utams dalam proses perkembangan Islam Indonesia. Pada era reformasi sejak 1998, penerbitan buku-buku Islam mulni memasuki periode baru yang alih-alih mengusung tema modernasi dan harmonisasi hubungan agama dan negaralnng menjadi arus utama karya-knrya intelektual Islam Orde Baru-buku-buku Islam kini justru mengusung tema-tema yang sarat dengnn nuansa elcpresi kebebasan ideologis. Karenanya, corak buku-buku Islam sangat beragam, sesuai dengan latar belnkang ideologi penulis dan penerbit yang mengusungnyn. Ada yang liberal, moderat, konseruatif , hingga fundamentalis. Memang, unsur bisnis tidak bisa dihindari dari maraknya penerbitan buku-buku Islam. Terlihat pula satu kecenderungan pragmatis suatu 323

Studia Islanlkn, Vol.15, No. 2,2008

324

Setyadi Sulaiman - Testltono

penerbit yang didasarkan pada kemampuan melihat pangsa pasar ketimbang keinginan melakukan diseminasi ideologi tertentu. Maka, beberapa penerbit yang secara knsat mata tidnk diasosiasikan sebagai lembaga penerbitan berlnbel Islam-seperti Penerbit Gramedia, Grafiti, atau Erlangga-telah memberikan porsi cukup besar bagi kemunculan buku-buku y ang bernuansa keislaman. Hanya saja, hal ini bukan berarti bahwa logika penerbitan murni bisnis. Tampak segmentasi dan difurensiasi model buku-buku yang memang 'sarat ideologi'. Karena itu, ada perbedaan nomenklatur ideologi yang ditampilkan antar s buku-buku y ang diterbitkan misalny a oleh Gema Insani Press dan Salnhuddin Press dengan Paramadina atau Penerbit Miznn. Hal yang sama juga terjadi dalam proses kreatif penerbitan majalah atau jurnal populer bernafaskan lslam. S eb agaimana y ang terj adi dalam pr o duksi buku, polarisasi motif bisnis dan ideologi juga terlihat mengemukn. Dinamikn ini bisa dibuktikan dnri beberapa kasus seperti Suara Hidayatullah yang diterbitknn Pesantren Hidayatullah di Kalimantan dengan Ulumul Qurdn milik LSAF lakarta. Keduanya mewakili cara pandang dan model pilihan artikulnsi keagamaan dan tentu saja segmen pembaca yang berbeda di tengah masyarakat Muslim Indonesia.

Penelitian di sejumlah perguruan tinggi umum di Indonesia,yang menjadi basis utama artikel ini, ditemukan bukti bahwa buku-khususnya buku lslam-sangat berpengaruh dalam proses diseminasi pemikiran seseor ang, terkhusus par a aktiais Islam kampus. Kecenderungan p emikiran seseorang sejatinya akan dipengaruhi oleh apa yang telah ia pahami. Dan dalam konteks modern, media utama tersebut gdalah buku. Mskn melalui beberapa buku yang dijadikan referensi serta diterbitkan oleh penerbitpenerbit Islam itulah proses transmisi ideologi terbentuk diknlangan aktiais geraknn Islam knmpus. Karenanya tidak snlah'untuk berpendapat bahwa

buku secara fungsional dapat menjadi media transmisi bagi gerakangerakan Islam kampus di Indonesia. G er aknn Islam knmpus sendiri b elakangan ini menj adi fokus p emb ahasan yang menarik karena sejak ditumbuh-kembangknnnya beberapa deknde yang lalu, komunitas yang mengambil masjid kampus sebagai basis utama gerakannya ini selalu mengalami peningkntan jumlah anggota. Dengan pola-pola gerakan yang banyak diadopsi dari dunia Arab khususnya yang berasal dari geraknn Ikhrpanul Muslimin ataupun Hizbut Tahrir, para aktiais Islam knmpus ini secara sistemntis melancnrksn beragam kegiatan rekruitment kader melalui pola pengajian kecil (halaqah). Dalam konteks modern, secara struktural mereka bermetamorfosis menjadi beberapn gerakan Islam kampus seperti lembaga dakwah kampus (LDK), Kesatuan

Aksi Mahasiawa Muslim Indonesia (KAMMI) serta Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) yang tersebnr hampir di seluruh knmpus di Indonesia. Studia Islanikn, Vol.15, No.2, 2008

Setuadi Sulaiman - Testriono

Kitab li al-harakat al-Islamiyyah: Fahm Dinamikiyyah al-Islam fi al-kharmi al-jami'I fi Indonesia al-Mu'asirah

Abstract Recent deuelopments in Indonesian haae witnessed the publication of an aaalanche of many different kinds of lslamic books. This becomes especinlly clear from the many dffirent titles of the works published. Many scholars think thst lslsmic books threaten to dominate the book mqrket in many cities in Indonesia. In tandem with the increase in the number of Islamic books, other printed matter such as magazines, journals, bulletins, and other, non-printed medis such as popular songs althopLgh show a sharp

'increase. The speed of the growth of these Islamic books is also eaident from the significant increase in the number of publishing houses engaged in printing lsTamic books. A report from the lndonesian Printing Association QzuPI) reaeals thst the number of lslamic books printing houses has incressed 2006. Moreotser, since 2001, Indonesia has also witnessed the organisation of nstional lslamic Book Fairs (IBF). This is an indication that in the printing industry lslamic books harte become an

from

515

in

2002 to 756

in

important segment and is a major indication of the process of deuelopment of lslam in the countrY. since the reformation era starting in 1998, Islamic book printing has entered a new phase and rather than to support modernisation andharmonic r\lstions between Islam and the State - the main current of the works of Islamic intellectuals during the New Order Era -present day books tend to carry themes centering on ideological freedom of expression. Islamic books therefore Tary much according to the ideological background of the author nnd the printing house that supports them and range from liberal, modernte, conseraatiae up to fundamentslist. of course, the business aspect of the proliferation of Islnmic book printing shouid not be ozserlooked and publishing houses tend to be pragmatic based

325

Studia Islamikn , VoL 15 , No . 2 , 2008

326

Setyadi Sulaiman - Testriono

on their capabilities in this market segment rather than be inaolaed in the dissemination of any specific ideology. Thus, many publishers that clenrly do not wish to be solely associated with Islamic publishing institutions such as Penerbit Gramedia, Grafiti, and Erlangga - haae taken oaer large part of Islamic inspired book production.

AII this does not mean thqt the logic behind these publications is purely business-only. Apparently, the segmentation and the dffirentintion of the kind of books published is 'heaaily ideologically inspired'. There is therefore

a dffirence in ideological nomenclature between books pubtished by, for instance, Gema Insani Press and salahuddin press, and paramadina and Penerbit Mizqn. A similar phenomenon is at work in the creatiae process of the publication of popular magazines and journars with an Islamic hue. similnr to what happens in book publication, a polarization between business motiaes an ideology is also coming to the front here. This dynamics becomes

clear

from aarious examples such as the magazine suara Hidayatullah published by Pesnntren Hidayatullah in Kalimantan and l-llumul eurdn, published by LSAF, lakartn. Both haae their own way of rooking and their own model in their choice of religious articulation nnd, of course, they target dffirent segments among the readers in Indonesian society. Research in aarious public institutions of higher education in Indonesin, which forms the basis of this article reuealed that especially Islamic books haae been greatly influential in the dissemination process of indiaidual thoughts, especially among cnmpus Islamic nctiaists. The original thought of an indiaidual is influenced by his/her prior experiences, In the modern context, this means, by the most important media: books. Thus, the process of the transmission of ideology among campus Islamic actiaists is shaped by reference works published by Islamic publishers. It is therefore safe to say that books are the means of transmission for campus Islamic moaements in Indonesia.

of late, campus Islamic moaements haae become the focus of interesting studies becquse since they came up in the last few decades they haae taken oaer campus mosques as their mqin bases and haae seen a constant increase

in membership. using moaement

patterns often adopted from the Arab

world, especially ftom the lkhwanul Muslimin and Hizbut Tahrir, these campus Islamic actiaists hnae systematically promoted ztarious actiuities

for cndre recruitment aia traditional-styled small-scale euranic instruction sessions (halaqah). In the modern context, they haae structurally underwent. a metamorphosis and haae deueloped into a uariety of campus Islamic moaements such as the Campus Dqkwah Foundation (LDK), Indonesinn Muslim Student Action Committee (KAMMI), and Indonesian Hizbut Tahrir which haae spread oaer airtually erery campus in Indonesia.

Studia Islamika, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2008

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Studia Islamikn, VoL 15, No. 2,2008

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339

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347

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t ;'t, .r"tjJl r*j b;s .:;f.rll .,*.tJ=l (;\ i a*,)-)t el,L-l.U ..-Lit 3 or*fjlr il:.,,Jl itf ,r.ol-Il .9l=Jl l:.ri € w e+\ &V*-J\1g.*1L*lr" .>.-*\ Cl ,--<Jl uz4 $e;" aS +\ etb-il * ,K!1 J"aJ 4i14 dt .* d^."y-)l a/y'tJl :tip)l -d1,6 ,Jttlil "wt , -*-J eil-tl ..ftj.l ()l c a/y-)l et3 )\ * ,KYt J- ,: U*--9 )Li 11y: .-L(l oL .L**,1;i;! ,-fttl (;l i L'Y-)l l-*i L^-sj dJ" 4V a*4- ala -iU^ altill ojn pL' g9 Jl 4*: Ct i/1-)1 ,-iij atl t J"*Jt ,-ri o>\.9l ,,filI t_F\ z*;+' 4t'At U) el1.tr i ;r:t* ;r^D ^++\ ,t(;Yt, u,lt

,;t a

oj-o g:t.f l;l (eUJ .t-e-Ie r-aU rtr,l j^s ()),ly6-t arll "f esA\ d./ d./iJl .:)[Jt ;! ,+p; uF +y-Vt ,K;!t Jq.;;'*, .u-.s i Jj- ,1A\J r Jl li.o ielJ,e ."$,K;i FiAl *)c t;A- ,t\ J J' L-'

Ji

.-b;.-j<Jl

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iJl,orJal

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JtslI

I*

Jt P\

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2. ,!:i fXan

punya peran strategis dalam pengembangan budaya -rJb C,r.*";1r*1 JJ) U u*-*y-u)l #rJrul 4.*+ )

unggul" ;)\*bL\

(;;^:11, IKAPI

3. Pl "IKAPI

website, 13 September 2006.

punya peran strategis dalam pengembangan budaya 6a.;\;-l JJ) U e*.-*y-u)l ;,lul +.r,+ )

unggul" ;)L"bL\ J":b' C

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4.

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:

Studia Islamika,Yol. 14, No. 3, 2007.

5. j:i,uuaiLarif,

Intelegensia Muslim dan Kuasa

(LL)IJ oJ LJI llil\,

Geneologi Intelegensia Muslim Indoensia Abad ke-20, (Bandung: l;4:zan,

Aziz (ed.),"Ceraknn Islam Kontemporer Di (!.*,;:-i;l I ;r?GSl +)L-)l a{ }\ (Jakarta: Pustaka Firdaus,

2005), hal.531-553, Abdul Indonesia" 1989).

6.. Ali Said Damanik, Fenomena Partai Keadilan, Transformasi 20 Tahun Gerakan Tarbiyah di Indonesia, i3 A j\ a< fJ 4:- Y . JLL;I c ill-t'Jl --'; o;U; (!-4t;ul (Bandung, Teraju, 2002),haI. tx

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($-rll Jl i"-J'Yl ol pX-ytlErlangga :Jakarta, 2005) hal.110 8 p\http: / /hizbut-tahrtu.or.id / 9. Rahmat, ArusBaruIsIam,(7'.1-)U 4,tLl tr")11 hal.110 I0. +)i, laJl-r'Jl .,,; o;U; .-,kf J .*S ,t)trl crr*:.) isi piagam Deklarasi KAMMI, dalam Damanik, F enomena P artai, ha1.184. 11. Aziz, Gerakan Islam, (aa\-!l if;-l)ha1.300 12. *ii websitelamaah Shalahuddn]nttp:/ / js.ugm.ac.id./ B. pi, Munawirofu Studi kktur Keagamaan diUGMYogyaknrta, c*lr-rjl; ( U;tfL+ f\ ,;Si A ax.lJl 6>lldahm Tim puslitbang Lektur Keagamaan, Kajian Pemetnan Buku-buku Keagamaan, Badan Litbang dan Diklat DEPAC,2006. L4. Laporan Majalah Islam Al-Wa'ie (..rclJl" +X-)l ^Et ,t,*) , edisi Maret2007, hal 36. L5. Aziz, Geraknn Istam,(aa)*\t K )11 haI.224-225.

16. Aziz, 17. Aziz,

Gerakan

Istam,(9,)-\t

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18

+* f- rlii a*i je )-l / ;-!t "t4s\ >t-c,)i J/ \ 1o \ a.:- :.-Jt:Jl a*fl" *rl.tf c beAL j:\ -t-t1 ".J*r+i-1r, :J!"I*ll olr)\j L-qJl j 2.G 64\ C-:tlJ n^pE :-r-ll et-;t),\J ,,r1;*)l ^4i 4^t J '+."+:il .oVt-orf rr (Solo:EraIntermedia,2000) "\ tot Ji t qtA arl;ll 19 Pl, nunr"ut, Arus Baru Islam, ( e)\-)U +l4l ,Ftl; hal. 104-112, 1z ;r^U) hal.88-93.. (-: 7 i;l-b;hal.89 Islam,(*1.-)l afll; hal. 268.-272.

Damanik, F enomena P artai,(+ 20. Damanik, Fenomena Parlai, 27 22

J.a;lq bi

Azit,Gerakan

Ro1iq Masjid Salman ITB: DuIu dan Seknrang,

(-,*V\-t ,r-Ul ;.H arjt3\

eJ4

..

1-\* J "''rLJ" ylol 1'4 April 2008, dalam

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ill;Jl r--';) a;1 ;f,;aJ\ .rs^-*JJ!l i*-iJt .:!-ill '>\p)1flakarta: Teraju,

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di LII laknrta, dalam Tim Puslitbang Lektur Keagamaan, Kajian Buku-buku Keagamaan, Badan Litbang dan Diklat DEPAG, 2006

Keagamaan Pemetaan

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kktur

Keagamaan pada.Kelompok Keagamann

di IPB :

f\ ,fJ\ ,i a*Jl goll 4-lJJl) b c U;l-f1*;1 dalam, Tim Puslitbang 6 4.")\-!1 +.-t-!t ( *t C ,,oi

Benang Merah Gerakan Islam Asasi.",

Lektur Keagamaan, Laporan Seminar Hasil Penelitian, Knjian Pemetaan Buku-buku Keagamaan, Badan Litbang dan Diklat DEPAG, Pulitbang Lektur Keagamaan, 2006.

aib-s a.olrlt ,r-y.a*\^ gj-sJ\ .t-F t-r<-bJ ,>1, A\ uz)t 6t albr" ,.j L--.i. ggrldl ;SJt r"" dK l, -ue crL;L-:J\ JI ty ,,-f -y

(6,)t;L)\

28

-b# d .:)UJt J! .-rKii #i1 t^ a.r'J .61Jl Jtlt "ta-" lSJ\ ,-t7 i'rl! '-ei V. c-tf J;

cM.Al Khattath yi 156ui1 Yusantorp

.er+lrC)

29. Furkon, partai Keadilan,g\s

k- k+r- F+ t

)\

6yt)t -.Je

6X-!1" +6'sqr:9:;Jl

ill-r,Jl

._-,;

nun-u1 Arus Baru

j:\

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t^F d' -JJt taa;i aE->rJ.r.r 1-r* ,-\S ",.;JrJl oQ,J qr)\'u\

,rt-"Vt c,! -r J ilJ-l\):o-:Jl" '+V{: o:r-c ,:LJl -qJ "a;Llc +t^t*; a:"1 "ia* tjJl ;,J ./)L-)l g.*t u"r4 o\,8" +\S s (dl-IJ-i f.F1 -r.J "1X-!t

Sludia Istamika, Vot. 15, No. 2. 2008

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30

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Bab III no.78. hal.

173

33.

y'tjlj .rit UU

,'tjil-eU*r tanlut lihat katalog Gema Insani Press, 2008.

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