THE SPEAKING STRATEGIES USED BY THE NINTH SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM OF STATE ISLAMIC COLLEGE OF PALANGKA RAYA
THESIS
Presented to the Department of Education of the State Islamic College of Palangka Raya in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Islam
By :
ICE YULIANTI SRN. 090 112 045 1
THE STATE ISLAMIC COLLEGE OF PALANGKA RAYA THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION THE STUDY PROGRAM OF ENGLISH EDUCATION 1434H/2013 M
i
APPROVAL OF THE THESIS ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Title of the Thesis
:THE SPEAKING STRATEGIES USED BY THE NINTH SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM OF STATE ISLAMIC COLLEGE OF PALANGKA RAYA
Name
: Ice Yulianti
SRN
: 0901120451
Department
: Tarbiyah (Education)
Study Program
: English Education
Level
: Strata 1 (S-1)
Palangka Raya,October ,2013 Approved by: Advisor I,
Advisor II,
Dr. H. Abdul Qodir, M.Pd. NIP. 19560203199003 1 001
Santi Erliana, M.Pd. NIP. 19801205200604 2 003
Legalized by:
The Chair of Department of Education,
The Chair of the Study Program of English Education,
Triwid S.N., M.Pd. NIP. 19710914200312 2 001
Santi Erliana, M.Pd. NIP. 19801205200604 2 003
ii
OFFICIAL NOTE Case : Examination of Ice yulianti’s Thesis
Palangka Raya,October ,2013 To Director of the State Islamic College of Palangka Raya In Palangka Raya
Peace be unto the God’s mercy and blessing as well, By reading and analyzing the thesis’ revision, we think the thesis in the name of: Name Student Registration Number Title of the Thesis
: ICE YULIANTI : 0901120451 : THE SPEAKING STRATEGIES USED BY THE NINTH SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM OF STATE ISLAMIC COLLEGE OF PALANGKA RAYA
Can be examined in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan in English Education of the Department of Education STAIN Palangka Raya. Thank you for the attention. Peace be with you and God’s blessing.
Advisor I,
Advisor II,
Dr. H . Abdul Qodir, M.Pd NIP. 19560203199003 1 001
Santi Erliana, M.Pd. NIP. 19801205200604 2 003
iii
LEGALIZATION OF THE THESIS EXAMINING COMMITTEE
This thesis entitlesTHE SPEAKING STRATEGIES USED BY THE NINTH SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM OF STATE ISLAMIC COLLEGE OF PALANGKA RAYA.In the name ofIce Yuliantiand her Student Registration Number is 0901120451. It has been examined by Team of Examiners of the State Islamic College of Palangka Raya on: Day
: Wednesday
Date
: October 23th, 2013 Palangka Raya,October 23 th, 2013 Team of Examiners
Examining Committee: 1. Rahmadi nirwanto M. Pd. The chairman of examiner
(……………………………………)
Hj. Apni Ranti M. Hum Examiner
(……………………………………)
3. Dr. H. Abdul Qodir, M.Pd Examiner
(……………………………………)
4. SantiErliana, M.Pd Examiner/Secretary
(……………………………………)
The State Islamic College of Palangka Raya Director,
Dr. Ibnu Elmi AS Pelu, SH, MH. NIP.19750109 199103 1 002
iv
THE SPEAKING STRATEGIES USED BY THE NINTH SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM OF STATE ISLAMIC COLLEGE OF PALANGKA RAYA ABSTRACT 1
The principle purpose of the study was to investigate some problems as follows: (1) What are speaking strategies used by the ninth semester students of English study Program of State Islamic College of Palangka Raya? (2) How do the ninth semester students know the speaking strategy? (3) How often do the ninth semester students use the speaking strategy? (4) Why do the ninth semester students use or apply the speaking strategy? Because of that, the purpose of this study are (a) To describe the use of strategies of the ninth semester students of Islamic State College of Palangka Raya(b) To investigate the ninth semester students’ knowledge on the speaking strategy (c) To investigate the ninth semester students’ frequency in using the strategy (d) To investigate the ninth semester students’ reasons in using or applying particular speaking strategy. In this research, the writer used qualitative approach with descriptive design toanswer the problems. The subjects of the study were the 14 students of the ninth semester students of English study program of State Islamic College of Palangka Raya, who got A score in speaking IV subject. In this research, the writer used techniques such as, interview, and documentation to achieve data. In analyzing the data, the writer used data collection, data reduction, data display and conclusion. The main research findings of this study were : 1) The speaking strategies used by the ninth semester students of English study programsuch as; using gesture, using synonym, getting help, repeating, adjusting the mesaage, switching to the mother tongue, choosing the topic of conversation, making note, practicing naturalistically. 2) The ninth semester students know the speaking strategy such as from : Book, lecturer, website, their friends, dormitory, lecture, English lesson, teacher, and naturally.3) The ninth semester students’ frequency in using the strategy. The students often usedthe gesture strategy and the students seldom used coining word strategy. 4) The ninth semester students’ reasons in using or applying particular speaking strategy such as: because a good way to help other speaker in speaking English, make easy in speaking English, fluently used English language, easier understand the other speaker talking about. And the writer also found some data that is not relevan based on the theory consist of 5 students, and the data that is relevan based on the teory consist of 9 students.
Key word : Speaking, Speaking Strategy v
STRATEGI BERBICARA YANG DIGUNAKAN OLEH MAHASISWA SEMESTER KESEMBILAN PROGRAM STUDI BAHASA INGGRIS SEKOLAH TINGGI AGAMA ISLAM NEGRI PALANGKA RAYA ABSTRAK Tujuan dasar dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki beberapa masalah seperti: apa strategi berbicara yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa semester kesembilan program studi Bahasa Inggris Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Palangka Raya? Bagaimana mahasiswa semester kesembilan mengetahui strategi berbicara? Seberapa sering mahasiswa semester kesembilan dalam menggunakan strategi? Mengapa mahasiswa menggunakan atau menerapkan strategi berbicara? Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengambarkan (a) mengambarkan strategi berbicara yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa semester kesembilan program studi Bahasa Inggris Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Palangka Raya (b) Menyelidiki mahasiswa semester kesembilan mengetahui strategi berbicara (c) Menyelidiki seberapa sering mahasiswa semester kesembilan dalam menggunakan strategi (d) Menyelidiki alasan mahasiswa semester kesembilan menggunakan atau menerapkan strategi berbicara. Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan pendekataan kualitatif dengandesain penelitian deskriptif untuk menjawab permasalahanpermasalahanpenelitian tersebut. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah 14 mahasiswa semester kesembilan program studi Bahasa Inggris Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Palangka Raya, yang mendapatkan nilai A pada mata kuliah speaking IV. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan tehnik, interview,dan dokumentasi untuk mendapatkan data. Dalam menganalisis data,penulis menggunakan mengumpulkan data, menyeleksi data, memaparkan data dan menyimpulkan. Temuan penelitian ini meliputi: 1) Strategi berbicara yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa semester kesembilan program studi Bahasa Inggris Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Palangka Rayaseperti, menggunakan bahasa tubuh, menggunakan sinonim, meminta bantuan, mengulangi, menyampaikan pesan, beralih ke bahasa ibu, memilih topik pembicaraan, membuat catatan, berlatih secara naturalistik. 2) Mahasiswa semester kesembilan mengetahui strategi berbicara seperti dari : Buku, dosen, website, teman-teman, asrama, kuliah, pelajaran bahasa Inggris, guru, dan secara alami. 3) keseringan mahasiswa semester kesembilan dalam menggunakan strategi. Para mahasiswa sering menggunakan bahasa tubuh dan mahasiswa jarang menggunakan strategi menciptakan kata baru. 4) Alasan mahasiswa semester kesembilan dalam menggunakan atau menerapkan strategi berbicaraseperti : karena cara yang baik untuk membantu lawan bicara dalam berbicara bahasa Inggris, memudahkan dalam berbicara bahasa Inggris, fasih menggunakan bahasa Inggris, lebih mudah memahami apa yang lawan bicara katakan. Dan penulis juga menemukan beberapa data yang tidak relevan didasarkan pada teori terdiri dari 5 mahasiswa, dan data yang relevan berdasarkan teori terdiri dari 9 mahasiswa. 2 Kata Kunci : berbicara, Strategi berbicara vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Alhamdulillah and praise belong to Allah the Almighty, because His Blessingand Mercy, finally the writer was able to finish her thesis. Many people have contributed helps, supports, suggestions, and guidance, therefore in this right chance, the writer would like to give her greatest thanks to: 1.
Dr. Ibnu Elmi AS. Pelu, SH. MH, as Director of the State Islamic College of Palangka Raya for his direction and encouragement of conducting this research;
2.
Triwid S.N., M.Pd., as the Chair of Department of Education who has given permission of this study;
3.
SantiErlianaM.Pd.,as the coordinator of the English Education Study Program and as the second advisor who has given guidance, suggestion, advice, and encouragement during writing this thesis.
4.
Dr. H. Abdul Qodir, M. Pd., as the first advisor who has given guidance, advice, support, suggestion of this study and encouragement during writing this thesis; Grateful thanks to all the teachingstaffs of Englsih Study Program of STAIN
Palangka Raya for their valuable guidance and support. Thus, the writer would like to express hermost special sincere gratitude and immeasurable love to her parents, brothers and sisters for their praying, motivation, affectionand patience. Finally, the special thanks are addressed to her friends of TBI 2009, who have encouraged, supported, and gave affections sincerely to the writer’s effort in conducting of the study. vii
The writer realizes that this thesis is still far from the perfect, therefore some constructive critical, suggestions are warmly welcome. Hopefully, may Allah SWT always keep us on the straight path and reward us for what we have done and this could be useful for all of us.
Palangka Raya, October
ICE YULIANTI NIM. 0901120451
viii
,2013
DECLARATION OF AUTHENTICATION
In the name of Allah, I myself make declaration that
this thesis entitles THE SPEAKING
STRATEGIES USED BY THE NINTH SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM OF STATE
ISLAMIC COLLEGE OF
PALANGKA RAYA is truly my own writing. If it is not my own writing so, it is given a citation and shown in the list of references. If my own declaration is not right in this thesis in one day so, I am ready to be given an academic sanction namely, the cancellation of the degree of this thesis.
Palangka Raya, October , 2013 My Own Declaration,
ICE YULIANTI NIM.0901120451
ix
MOTTO
Do not spend your life trying to prove to them that they are wrong. Prove to yourself that you are right. (Mario Teguh)
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER OF PAGE .............................................................................................. i LETTER OF APPROVAL ................................................................................... ii OFFICIAL LETTER............................................................................................ iii LIST OF LEGALIZATION ................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................. vii DECLARATION OF AUNTHENTICATION ..................................................... ix MOTTO............................................................................................................... x TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... xi LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................... xiv LIST OF FIGURE ............................................................................................... xv LIST ABBREVIATION ...................................................................................... xvi LIST OF APPENDICES ...................................................................................... xvii DEDICATION..................................................................................................... xviii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study ...................................................
1
B. Problems of the Study........................................................
5
C. Objective of the Study .......................................................
5
D. Significances of the Study .................................................
5
E. Scope and Limitation of the Study .....................................
6
F. Definition of Key Term .....................................................
6
G. Framework of the Discussion.............................................
7
H. Frame of Thinking ............................................................
8
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A. The Previous Studies .........................................................
10
B. The Nature of Strategies ....................................................
12
C. Strategies ..........................................................................
14
1. The Nature of Strategies ...............................................
16
2. Kinds of speaking strategies ..........................................
17
a. Direct Strategies .......................................................
18
1) Memory stratetegies .............................................
18
2) Cognitive strategies ..............................................
20
3) Compensation strategies.......................................
21
xi
b. Indirect strategies .....................................................
22
1) Metacognitive strategies.......................................
23
2) Affective strategies ..............................................
24
3) Social strategies ...................................................
25
3. The Types of Speaking Strategies .................................
27
a. The Paraphrase ........................................................
27
b. The Self-Correction .................................................
28
c. The Use of Fillers/Hesitation ...................................
28
d. The Borrowing ........................................................
28
4. Speaking Strategies ......................................................
29
a. The Strategies in Elementary school ........................
29
1) The Speaking Games ..........................................
29
2) The Simple Speaking Activities ..........................
29
3) The Scenarios .....................................................
30
4) The Easy language ..............................................
30
b. The Strategies in Junior High School and Senior High School .............................................................
30
CHAPTER III THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. Research Design and Approach ........................................
32
B. Time and Place of the Study .............................................
32
C. Subject and Object of the Study ........................................
33
D. Data Collection Procedures................................................
34
1. Interview.......................................................................
35
2. Documentation ..............................................................
35
E. Data Analysis Procedures ..................................................
36
1. Data Collection ............................................................
36
2. Data Reduction ............................................................
36
3. Data Display ................................................................
36
4. Data Conclusion ...........................................................
37
F. Endorsement of Data ........................................................
37
1. Credibility ....................................................................
37
xii
2. Transferability ..............................................................
38
3. Dependability ...............................................................
38
4. Conformability .............................................................
39
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION A. Research findings ..............................................................
40
1. The speaking strategies used by the ninth semester students of English program in State Islamic College of palangka Raya .............................................................................
40
2. The ninth semester students know the speaking strategy
58
3. The ninth semester students’ frequency in using the strategy .....................................................................................
61
4. The ninth semester students’ reason in using or applying particular speaking strategy ...........................................
63
B. Discussion .........................................................................
66
CHAPTER V CLOSING A. Conclusion ........................................................................ B. Suggestions ....................................................................... 74
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
xiii
73
LIST OF TABLES
Tables
Page
3.1
The Number of Students Speaking IV academic year 2009 ...............
33
3.2
The list of students who got A score ................................................
34
4.1
The speaking strategies used by the students of English program in State Islamic College of Palangka Raya ..........................................
40
4.2
The ninth semester students know the speaking strategies ...............
59
4.3
The ninth semester students know the speaking strategies and the number of the students ....................................................................
61
4.4
The ninth semester students frequency in using the strategy ............
61
4.5
The students reason choice strategies in speaking English ...............
65
4.6
The strategies used by the students of English program in State Islamic College of Palangka Raya based on Theory .......................
4.7
67
The ninth semester students strategies in speaking English and the number of the students ....................................................................
xiv
69
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure
Page
2.1
Diagram of the Strategy System .......................................................... 17
2.2
Diagram of the Memory Strategy ........................................................ 19
2.3
Diagram of the Cognitive Strategy ...................................................... 20
2.4
Diagram of the Compesation Strategy ................................................. 22
2.5
Diagram of the Metacognitive Strategy ............................................... 23
2.6
Diagram of the Affective Strategy....................................................... 25
2.7
Diagram of the Social Strategy............................................................ 26
3.1
Data Collection Procedures ................................................................. 34
4.2
The percentage of language learning strategies used by ninth semester students of English program in State Islamic College of Palangka Raya .................................................................................... 70
xv
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
STAIN
: Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri
EFT
: English Language Teaching
EFL
: English Foreign Language
IEP
: Intensive English Program
BICS
: Basic Interpesonal Communications Skills
CALP
: Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency
SILL
: Strategy Invertory Language Learning
xvi
LIST OF APPENDICES
Page 1.
Appendix 1The list Of Initials ............................................................. 78
2.
Appendix 2 The list subject of he study ............................................. 79
3.. Appendix 3 Interview guide ............................................................... 80 4.
Appendix 4 The result of interview .................................................... 83
5.
Appendix 5 Photo of interview .......................................................... 145
xvii
DEDICATION The thesis is decicated to: My beloved parents and family who always give me loves and affections and also for their pray for me. My advisors, Dr. H. Abdul Qodir, M.Pd and Santi Erliana, M.Pd who always guide, advise and support me during the thesis done. My best friends; Husna mariyani, Abdah, fajar, any, tika, ayu, rahmah, saidatul, atul, indri,who also always help and give suggestions for my thesis. My fiance, Budi Gunawan, who always prays and gives me support until I finish this thesis. All of my friends in English Education 2009 that can’t be mentioned one by one. All who have given me support, assistence and guidence to finish this writing.
May Allah always guide us on the straight path xviii
