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THE CHANGE of OSKAR SCHINDLER from BUSINESS-ORIENTED to SOCIAL-ORIENTED WAYS of THINKING in KENEALLY’S SCHINDLER’S LIST
A Thesis Presented as a Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement to Obtain The Sarjana Sastra Degree in the English Letters Study Programme
By
Titik Widarti 04.80.0032
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME FACULTY OF LETTERS SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY SEMARANG 2009
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A THESIS ON
The Change of Oskar Schindler from Business - Oriented to Social – Oriented Ways of Thinking in Keneally’s Schindler’s List
By: Titik Widarti Student Number: 04. 80.0032
Approved by:
August 11, 2009
G.M. Adhyanggono, SS., MA Major Sponsor
Angelika Riyandari, SS., MA
August 11, 2009
Co- Sponsor
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This thesis was defended in front of the board of examiners on August 11, 2009 and declared acceptable.
BOARDS OF EXAMINERS
Chairperson
: G.M. Adhyanggono, SS., MA
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Secretary
: Angelika Riyandari, SS., MA
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Member
: Dra. R.M. Sri Suryaningsih, MA
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Semarang, August 11, 2009 Faculty of Letters Soegijapranata Catholic University Dean,
Heny Hartono, SS., M.Pd
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The List Is Life The Man Was Real The Story Is True To The Memory of Oskar Schindler
( Thomas Keneally)
‘This Better To Have Loved And Lost Than Never To Have loved At All’
Alfred Lord Tennyson ( 1809 – 1892 )
To Pay A Tribute To: ‐ My Parents ‐ My Lover Yann
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I am glad to express my thanks to my God for the help to make me finish my thesis, my beloved lectures who gave the most important supports, especially to Mr Adhy and Mrs Ike who actively gave me great suggestions and critisiscm in the preparation of this thesis. All great supports and encouragement came to me from all my families, my lover Yann, Mrs Rosa, Mrs Henny, Mrs Niniek, Mrs Yayuk, Mrs Wuryani, Chris Harrison, Geoff Hardy, Robert, Martin, Cindy, mamah Eny, Dwi, Emil Gheorghe, Cristi, Agung, Dona, Sasti, Seto, Anton, Yudha, Mrs. Nurha’s family, Mr Ferry's family and all the devils and an angel in my boarding house that help me see many points for the spirit of my thesis. Thanks for all and I wish that this thesis would be useful fill into present and important thing to express my appreciation to my Faculty of Letters Soegijapranata Semarang. I love you all.
The Writer
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGES OF TITLE…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..i PAGES OF APPROVAL……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………ii BOARD OF EXAMINERS………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………iii MOTTO………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..………….v TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………….vi ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………….vii ABSTRAK…………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………viii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study…………………………………………………………………….….…………..1 1.2 Field of the Study………………………………………………………………………………….….…………5 1.3 Scope of the Study………………………………………………………………………….…….…………….5 1.4 Problem formulation……………………………………………………………………….…………………5 1.5 Objectives of the Study…………………………………………………………………..…………………..6 1.6 Significance of the Study………………………………………………………………………..……………6 1.7 Definition of Terms……………………………………………………………………..………………………7 CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1. Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology…………………………………………..………………………8 2.1.1. The Ruling type………………………….………………………………………………………11 2.1.2. The Socially useful type…………………………………….……………………………….11 2.2. Rollo May’s Humanistic Psychology…………………………………………………….……………11 2.2.1. Subjectivity is Truth……………………………………………………………………………12 2.2.2. Anxiety and Courage………………………………………………………………………….12 2.2.3. Freedom and Determinism………………………………………………………………..13 2.2.4. Love and Will………………………………………………………………………………….….14 CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY……………………………………………………………….…………………………….15 CHAPTER IV. ANALYSIS 4.1. Oskar Schindler’s early life time motivation: selfish interest……………………………17 4.2. Oskar Schindler’s from selfish interest to compassion………………………………….….21 4.3. The reason of the change of Oskar’s way of thinking……………………….………………25 CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………..……………………………………32 BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………………………………………...……………………34
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ABSTRACT
Abstract: A novel entitled Schindler’s List is written as a tribute to memorize the service and also Oskar Schindler’s big heart. This novel inspires the writer to see the change of Oskar Schindler’s way of thinking in depth. Schindler’s List tells about the cruelty of the political world and the injustice of the race difference, dictatorism, and especially the slaughtering and the effort of cleansing of the Jews from the Earth surface by the NAZI in the World War II. It encourages the heart of a man to give help as much as he can; to save the Jews from the NAZI’s cruelty. The writer hopes that by writing the thesis which analyzes the change of Oskar’s way of thinking from business oriented into social oriented, the readers can understand how far Oskar’s feelings and ideas are influenced by the social circumstances around him and also the big influence of Oskar’s testimony as the eyewitness of the innocent Jews’ slaughtered by the NAZI. These are the things that can finally change Oskar’s thought to fight against the injustice and the cruelty. In this thesis, the writer uses psychology and humanistic approaches from Alfred Adler and Rollo May. Alfred Adler’s theory which is well known in analyzing the personality that consists of Human Typology theories are used by the writer as one of the basic theory. The first theory, the Rulling Type, which draws the first characteristics of Oskar Schindler is supported by the Individual Drive Theory and Rollo May’s “Subjectivity is the Truth”. The second theory, the Social Useful Type, is used by the writer to draw the change of the Schindler’s thought which is influenced by his surrounding and personal experience which eye-witnesses the cruelty of NAZI. This theory, then, is strenghtened by other Alfred Adler’s theories like Social Interest, Community Drive, and Striving for Perfection’s Theory and also by Rollo May’s thought like Anxiety and Courage, Freedom and Determinism, and also Love and Will. So after all, this thesis tells, analyzes, and proves the change inside Oskar’s way of thinking from business into social orientation.
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ABSTRAK Abstrak: Sebuah novel karya Thomas Keneally berjudul Schindler List ini dipersembahkan untuk mengenang jasa, dan kebesaran hati Oskar Schindler. Novel ini menginspirasi penulis untuk melihat jauh lebih ke dalam perubahan dalam diri Oskar Schindler. Schindler’s List bercerita tentang kejamnya dunia politik dan ketidakadilan karena adanya perbedaan ras, kediktatoran, dan terutama pembantaian atau pembersihan kaum Yahudi dari muka bumi oleh NAZI pada perang dunia ke II. Hal ini menyebabkan nurani seorang manusia tergerak untuk menolong semampunya; menyelamatkan orang-orang Yahudi dari kekejaman NAZI. Penulis berharap dengan menulis thesis yang menganalisa perubahan pemikiran Oskar dari orientasi bisnis ke orientasi sosial, para pembaca mampu memahami sejauh mana perasaan dan pemikiran Oskar dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan sosial sekelilingnya dan juga karena pengaruh besar kesaksian Oskar yang dengan mata kepala sendiri menyaksikan pembantaian kaum Yahudi yang tidak bersalah oleh NAZI. Hal-hal inilah yang akhirnya mampu merubah pikiran Oskar untuk melawan ketidakadilan dan kekejaman yang semena-mena. Di dalam thesis ini penulis menggunakan pendekatan psikologi dan humanistik oleh Alfred Adler dan Rollo May. Teori Alfred Adler, terkenal dalam menganalisa kepribadian yang meliputi teoriteori tipologi manusia, digunakan oleh penulis sebagai salah satu landasan teori. Teori pertama, the Rulling Type, digunakan untuk menggambarkan sifat-sifat awal dari Oskar Schindler kemudian didukung oleh teori Individual Drive, dan teori Subjectivity is Truth oleh Rollo May. Teori kedua, the Social Useful Type oleh Alfred Adler digunakan untuk menggambarkan perubahan dalam diri Oskar yang dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan sekelilingnya dan pengalaman pribadi Oskar sendiri yang menyaksikan sendiri kekejaman NAZI, kemudian diperkuat dengan teori lain dari Alfred Adler seperti teori: Social Interest, Community Drive dan Sriving for Perfection, serta oleh pemikiran Rollo May seperti: Anxiety and Courage, Freedom and Determinism, also Love and Will. Jadi secara keseluruhan thesis ini menceritakan, menganalisa dan membuktikan bagaimana proses perubahan pemikiran di dalam diri Oskar Schindler dari orientasi bisnis ke sosial.
