Socio-economic situation of long-term flexworkers CBS Microdatagebruikersmiddag
The Hague, 16 May 2013 Siemen van der Werff www.seo.nl -
[email protected] - +31 20 525 1630
Discussion topics and conclusions Definition of contingent workforce Based on registration data, not on Labour Force Survey Includes short periods of unemployment and inactivity Duration of flexible employment Has been rising strongly in recent years Outflow to permanent work Substantial, but depending on conjuncture
Discussion topics and conclusions Household income of long-term flexible employees Slightly lower than that of permanent employees Health of long-term flexible employees Slightly lower than that of permanent employees
Definitions Contingent workforce exists of employees with: Workers with a contract for a limited time (PolisIKP/O) Temporary staffing agency workers (“Baankenmerken” / Polis) On call or zero hours contract (“Baankenmerken” / Polis)
Definitions Duration of stay in contigent workforce starts from inflow in flexible job until outflow to: Permanent contract (PolisIKP/O) Long term dependency on social security (>= 1 year) (multiple CBS registration sources) Inactivity (>= 3 months) So short periods of inactivity or social security dependency are allowed
Difference between EBB and registration data Identification of contingent workforce based on registration data, so not on Labour Force Survey (EBB) Registration of permanent and limited time contracts differs between EBB and registration data To check for inconsistencies, this difference has been investigated on 2010 data Only for jobs in the same sector (SBI5) Only for jobs with a difference in starting date of at most two months
Difference between EBB and registration data Problems: Just 53% of contracts that started in 2010 and are registered as permanent are permanent according to EBB Just 58% of contracts that started in 2010 and are registered as temporary are temporary according to EBB 90% of contracts that started before 2007 and are registered as temporary are permanent according to EBB Possible reasons: Registration error (especially short jobs) Reporting error in EBB
Substantial outflow to permanent employment (average over 2006-2010) Totale populatie in flexibele schil 100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0% 0
6
12
18 24 30 36 42 Aantal maanden vanaf instroom in de flexibele schil nog flexibel
naar vast
uitkering
overig
48
54
60
Outflow to permanent contract (within 3 years) highest from contract for limited time 100% 90% 80%
14% 5%
25%
7%
70%
28%
7%
60% 51%
50%
Overige uitstroom
31%
Uitstroom naar uitkering 43%
40%
Uitstroom naar vast Nog in flexibele schil
30% 20% 30%
37% 22%
10% 0% Tijdelijk contract
Uitzendbaan
Overig flexibel
Outflow differs by age, ethnicity and education level 100% 90% 80%
16% 2%
13% 4%
36% 14%
70% 60%
19%
49%
54%
50%
35%
32%
Uitstroom naar uitkering
40%
Uitstroom naar vast
30% 20%
Overige uitstroom
16% 33%
10%
29%
32% 16%
0% 25 jaar, autochtoon, universitair opgeleid
35 jaar, 45 jaar, westerse 55 jaar, nietautochtoon, hbo allochtoon, westerse opgeleid middelbaar allochtoon, lager opgeleid opgeleid
Nog in flexibele schil
Yearly salary flexible workers far lower € 80.000 € 70.000
95%
€ 60.000 € 50.000 € 40.000
75%
€ 30.000 € 20.000
25%
€ 10.000 5% €0 Nooit
Kort
Langdurig
Household income is slightly lower € 180.000 € 160.000
95% 95%
Bruto huishoudinkomen
€ 140.000
95%
€ 120.000 75%
€ 100.000
75%
75%
25%
25%
€ 80.000 € 60.000 € 40.000 € 20.000
25% 5% 5%
5%
Kortdurend flexibel
Langdurig flexibel
€0 Vast
… especially after correcting for personal characteristics € 180.000 € 160.000
Bruto huishoudinkomen
€ 140.000 € 120.000
95% 95%
€ 100.000
75%
€ 80.000
95%
75%
75%
25%
25%
€ 60.000 25% € 40.000 5% € 20.000
5%
5%
Kortdurend flexibel
Langdurig flexibel
€0 Vast
Limited share of flexworkers under social security threshold (bijstandsnorm) Aandeel huishoudens onder bijstandsnorm
1,6% 1,4% 1,2% 1,0% 0,8% 0,6% 0,4% 0,2% 0,0% Alleenstaande Alleenstaande Alleenstaande Partners zonder Partners met mannen kinderen kinderen vrouwen zonder vrouwen met kinderen kinderen Vast
Kortdurend flexibel
Langdurig flexibel
Totaal
Household income of non-working population far lower Aandeel personen per huishoudinkomensdeciel
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0% 0-10%
10-20% 20-30% 30-40% 40-50% 50-60% 60-70% 70-80% 80-90% 90-100%
Alle huishoudens
Vaste baan
Kortdurend flexibel
Langdurig flexibel
Conclusions income flex workers Very limited share of ‘working poor’ under (long-term) flex workers Relatively low salary of flex workers gets regularly compensated by partner income, social security and other income The group with the lowest incomes are mostly the nonworking (pensioners, long-term unemployed, etc), not the flex workers
Hardly any difference in health status between permanent and flexible workers 20% 18% 16% 14% 12%
8,2% 7,0%
10%
6,8%
Sterk belemmerd 4,8%
4,1%
3,9%
3,4%
3,6%
Kortdurend flexibel
Langdurig flexibel
4% 2%
Niet belemmerd Licht belemmerd
8% 6%
Onbekend
3,0%
0% Vast
Health problems mainly related with age Aandeel werknemers met een gezondheidsprobleem gecorrigeerd voor samenstellingseffecten
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0% 25 jaar Vast
35 jaar
45 jaar
Kortdurend flexibel
Langdurig flexibel
55 jaar
And level of education Aandeel werknemers met een gezondheidsprobleem gecorrigeerd voor samenstellingseffecten
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0% VMBO Vast
MBO
HBO
Kortdurend flexibel
Langdurig flexibel
WO
Long term flexible employees have highest probability to be unhealthy after correction Aandeel werknemers met gezondheidsprobleem gecorrigeerd voor samenstellingseffecten
20% 18% 16%
17,5% 16,6%
15,9%
14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Vast
Kortdurend flexibel
Langdurig flexibel
Temporary staffing agency workers least healthy Aandeel werknemers met gezondheidsprobleem gecorrigeerd voor samenstellingseffecten
20% 18% 16%
18,1% 17,2%
16,4%
14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Tijdelijk contract
Uitzendbaan
Oproepkracht
Conclusions regarding health Analyses based on questions in EBB: Long term/chronic illness or disability Does this health problem have an effect on the labour market status? After correction for background characteristics a small difference results between long term flexible employees (17%) en other employees(16%) Health problems increase with a longer duration in flexible employment, or People stay longer in flexible employment if they are less healthy
