Sensors For Food. 9de Gebruikersgroepvergadering Sensors For Food platform. confidentieel. 2 December 2014

Sensors For Food

9de Gebruikersgroepvergadering Sensors For Food platform 2 December 2014

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Agenda ONDERWERP

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UUR

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ONTHAAL MET BROODJESLUNCH

12:30 – 13:00

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VERWELKOMING (V) & KORTE VOORSTELLING AANWEZIGEN (ALLEN)

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OVERLOPEN AGENDA 2

TECHNOLOGYWATCH -

OVERZICHT NIEUWSBRIEFARTIKELS (VDG)

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USE OF LASER INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY (LIBS) IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY (CRM GROUP)

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USE OF LINE PROJECTION AND VISION SYSTEMS FOR 3-D ASSESSMENT IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY (CRM GROUP)

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KOFFIE PAUZE

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DIENSTVERLENING (SV)

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SENSORS FOR FOOD NIEUWS (VDG) -

STAND VAN ZAKEN I-FAST PROJECT

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TERUGBLIK FLANDERS’ FOOD TECHNOLOGY DAYS

TERUGBLIK EN VOORUITBLIK (SVC) PROJECTBAROMETER

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DATUM VOLGENDE VERGADERING CONCLUSIES

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Agenda ONDERWERP

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NIeuwsbriefartikels

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Nieuwsbriefartikels

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Nieuwsbriefartikels

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Nuttige Links

www.engineeringnet.be

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Nuttige Links

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Applications of remote chemical analysis by LIBS Sensors for Food Platform, IMEC Dec. 2nd , 2014

 Explain the principles of the LIBS analysis  Give a brief overview of LIBS possibilities and limits  Show some applications in various fields including

the food industry

9de Sensor for Food Gebruikersgroep vergadering, IMEC, 2 dec. 2014

©CRM Group - All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group - CONFIDENTIAL - Privileged Information - CRM Group proprietary information.

Aims of the presentation

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LIBS = Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Plasma light collection

Spectrometer Target Plasma

Focusing Unit

Nd-YAG Laser, e.g.: ~7 ns pulses 20 Hz 300 mJ 9de Sensor for Food Gebruikersgroep vergadering, IMEC, 2 dec. 2014


Principle of LIBS

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Obtained spectrum

Spectrometer Source

Continuous spectrum

White Light

Bright lines specific to elements

Calibration curve Cr 293.06 nm

Source : http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectroscope

Intensity

Spectrum of blast furnace hot metal between 175 and 520 nm Source : http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectroscope

Cr

20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

2

y = -6.25E-08x + 3.36E-03x - 6.43E+00 2 R = 1.00E+00

Concentration Cr(%)

Heated gas or plasma

Analysis steps *******************  Selection of the suitable lines  Calibration with Certified Reference Materials  Analysis of an unknown sample

C.R.M. Unknown sample

0

Wavelength

2000 4000 6000 8000 Intensity (arbitrary units)



Principle of LIBS

10000

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 Chemical analysis at stand-off

o distance from a few mm to > 100 metres o no contact with the target

 Ok for harsh environment: hot materials (>1500°C), radioactivity, explosives...  Simultaneous analysis of many elements  Nearly non destructive

o removes a few ng to some µg per laser pulse o Very small impact (a few µm to some mm dia.)  Ok for composition mappings


Advantages of LIBS

 Availability of portable systems 9de Sensor for Food Gebruikersgroep vergadering, IMEC, 2 dec. 2014

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 Works on a large variety of materials

o solids, liquids, gases o conductors (metals,…), insulators (ceramics,…) o materials with complex composition  Very fast

o Qualitative analysis in a few nanoseconds (1 single shot) o Quantitative assessment in a few seconds Ok for moving products  No (or limited) need for surface preparation


Other advantages of LIBS

 In-depth gradients by multiple laser pulses 9de Sensor for Food Gebruikersgroep vergadering, IMEC, 2 dec. 2014

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 Elemental analysis: no information about molecules

 Near surface method

o bulk composition only on homogeneous materials o coatings or surface pollutants must be removed (can be done by the laser itself)

 Accuracy usually lower than some other methods

o Detection limit depends on element (<1 ppm to >500 ppm)  High energy lasers need safety measures  Rather complex instruments


Limitations of LIBS

 Price… 9de Sensor for Food Gebruikersgroep vergadering, IMEC, 2 dec. 2014

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100 metres range LIBS of the University of Malaga (Spain) TeleLis from LSA (Germany), installed at CRM Group: 12 metres range Source: http://www.photonics.com/Article.aspx?AID=46583

Portable system Source: http://www.appliedphotonics.co.uk /products_services/libscan_25.htm

Laboratory set-up at CRM Group, using a UV laser

Laboratory system Source: http://www.photonmachines.com/libs/insight-libs


Examples of available systems

Curiosity rover on Mars Source:http://www.mslchemcam.com/index.php?men u=frise&titre_url=ChemCam%20%20Along%20the%2 0time#.VHXaP2f-s0M


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Analysis of the solder on the tip of capacitors (1.5 mm x 1.5 mm), at 3 metres distance

Maximum of laser power

Analyse of capacitor component solder 60000

Intensity (a. u.)

50000 40000

30000 20000 10000


Example of application: Quality control of very small parts

0

Element


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Libs measurements at the blast furnace



Example of application: On-line analysis of molten metals

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

Specific Issues o Organic matrix  Except C, H, O, N, usually trace elements o Material can be heterogeneous (fruit,...)  preparation needed o Analysis must be complemented by complex data processing (statistical analysis, neural network,...)



Examples of Applications o o o o o

Determination of food origin and anti-counterfeiting Comparison of the nutrient content of various products Detection of heavy metals Measurement of moisture content Detection of bacteria 9de Sensor for Food Gebruikersgroep vergadering, IMEC, 2 dec. 2014


Application in the food industry

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LIBS spectra + discriminant function models  100% correct matching to the country of origin: China, India, Syria, and Turkey Ref.: Spectroscopy methods for identifying the country of origin Ellen Hondrogiannis ; Erin Ehrlinger ; Andrzej W. Miziolek Proc. SPIE 8726, Next-Generation Spectroscopic Technologies VI, 87260Q (May 29, 2013); doi:10.1117/12.2017903



Determination of the origin of coffee beans LIBS spectra + chemometric discrimination (principal component analysis)  visually identical coffee beans can be separated and immediately identified.


Examples of application: Determination of the food origin  Determination of the origin of cumin spices

Ref.: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in industrial and security applications Alexander A. Bol'shakov, et al. APPLIED OPTICS / Vol. 49, No. 13 / 1 May 2010


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LIBS spectra + quantitative analysis  Red teff contains more calcium  better Ref.: Relative Determination of Micronutrients of Different Species of Teff (Eragrestis) Seeds of Ethiopia Origin by Calibration Free Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Techniques M. Dilbetigle Assefa et al. Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology 5(3): 332-338, 2013



Determination of the heavy metals in tangerines LIBS spectra + comparison pericarp - flesh Ref.: Rapid Detection of Heavy Metal Contents in Fruits by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Mingyin Yao, et al. Proceedings of the Second Symposium International Computer Science and Computational Technology(ISCSCT ’09) Huangshan, P. R. China, 26-28,Dec. 2009, pp. 098-101



Examples of application: Determination of specific elements  Determination of the nutrient content in teff cereals

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Principle: the LIBS signal is weaker when the water content is higher, but at the same time, the oxygen emission is larger  if the oxygen signal is normalized by the CN signal, a good correlation is obtained Ref.: http://www.laboratory-journal.com/science/chemistryphysics/moisture-measurement-using-libs?page=1



Identification of E. Coli and other bacteria E. Coli - WSU

LIBS spectra + Discriminant analysis


Examples of application: more exotic...  Analysis of the moisture content in cheese

Ref.: Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS): An Optical Diagnostic Tool for the Rapid Identification and Classification of Pathogenic Bacteria S. Rehse, Canadian Association of Physicists Congress 2011


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o LIBS is a powerful method for elemental analysis o LIBS is very flexible and can be adapted to nearly all environments o LIBS is the technique of choice when:  Analyses must be made at stand-off due to: • Non-contact, high temperature, difficult access, harsh environment,…

 Fast on-line measurements are needed  Surface characteristics are of interest  Analysed materials are rather homogeneous

o LIBS applications in the food industry are emerging 9de Sensor for Food Gebruikersgroep vergadering, IMEC, 2 dec. 2014


Conclusions

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Applications of remote chemical analysis by LIBS Sensors for Food Platform, IMEC Dec. 2nd , 2014

Use of line projection and vision systems for 3-D assessment in the food industry Sensors for Food Platform, IMEC Dec. 2nd , 2014

 Explain the principle of 3-D measurements by line

projection  Present last developments at CRM Group  Show some applications in the food industry



Aims of the presentation

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Height HEIGHTvariation VARIATION measurement MEASUREMENT Incident Incident light lightline line

angle incidence : angle ofofincidence Z: height axis Z: height axis Z : height variation (to be calculated)  X : line position variation (measured)  X : line position variation (measured) Z: height variation = X . cotg  X . cotg  





Z=

ZZ

Z Z



XX



X  X


Principle of line projection

YY


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CAMERA

1040 µm

PROCESSING AND DISPLAY UNIT SHORT LASER PULSE

100µm

DISTANCE SENSOR

SHORT LASER PULSE STEEL STRIP

Specifications

:

Line speed: up to 30 m/s FOV1200x400µm 20 (90)

images /s

Wavelength Pulse

length

905nm


Application at microscopic scale: on-line roughness measurement

8ns


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 Measure the flatness of wide steel strip in a furnace o o o o

Temperature: ~750°C Strip width: up to about 2 metres accuracy: ~1 mm in height Strip speed: up to 120 m/min



Application at macroscopic scale: strip flatness measurement

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 Specific constraints o Intermediate scale: neither microscopic nor very large o Speed can be high o Sometimes complex shapes

 Aims of the measurements o Size classification o Defect detection o Food slicing...



Applications in the food industry

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Examples of applications: size classification Measurement of the shape and volume of breads

Measurement of the shape and volume of potatoes

Ref.: http://www.imveurope.com/features/ feature.php?feature_id=42

Ref.: http://kauri.auck.irl.cri.nz/~johanns/camwire/ photoalbum/switzerland.html


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3-D measurement allows detection of small defects or shape deviations. The camera can also be used for color assessment


Examples of applications: defect detection

Ref.: http://www.aqsense.com/applications/food-and-beverage.html http://www.sickinsight-online.com/food-inspection-with-3d-color-cameras-ranger-e/


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Sausages are produced in a continuous line 3-D measurements (with 3 cameras) allow volume calculation  The sausages can be cut at the right place


Examples of applications: food slicing

Ref.: http://www.vision-systems.com/articles/print/volume-15/issue-1/departments/technologytrends0/food_amp__beverage.html http://www.stemmer-imaging.co.uk/media/uploads/websites/documents/applications/en-Application-Sausages-PPCVB1-201001.pdf


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 Advantages of the Laser Triangulation Method

o Simple implementation and rather inexpensive o Can be very fast o Adaptable to different scales, from microscopic to very large o Well suited to the requirements of the food industry o Several suppliers on the market



Conclusions

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Use of line projection and vision systems for 3-D assessment in the food industry Sensors for Food Platform, IMEC Dec. 2nd , 2014

Agenda ONDERWERP

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12:30 – 13:00

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Agenda ONDERWERP

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Draagbare systemen voor de voeding  Een globaal overzicht • Spectroscopische analyses (NIR/MIR) • Aroma-analyses • Raman-spectroscopische analyses  Identificatie grondstoffen

• X-stralen fluorescentie spectrometrie  As, Cd, Pb,…

• Biosensor/Lab-on-a-chip systemen

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Draagbare systemen voor de voeding  Toenemende belangstelling in het wetenschappelijk onderzoek

Texeira dos Santos et al. (2013

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Draagbare systemen voor de voeding  Overzicht beschikbare apparatuur

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Draagbare systemen voor de voeding  Overzicht specificaties apparatuur


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Draagbare systemen voor de voeding  Kwaliteitscontrole op de WOTS-beurs!

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Draagbare systemen voor de voeding  Voornaamste applicaties (NIR: 780-2500 nm) • Groenten en fruit  SSC, kleur, rijpheid, vastheid,…

• Vis en vlees  Versheid, water, vet, eiwit,…

• Melkproducten  Vet, eiwit, lactose,…

• Granen  Vocht, eiwit, as, vet, …

• Druiven • Olijfolie

Texeira dos Santos et al. (2013)

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Draagbare systemen voor de voeding  Ook apparatuur in het MIR-beschikbaar • Draagbare kwaliteitscontrole op frituurolie • TruDefender (2500 nm – 15000 nm) • Verschillende applicaties  Differentiatie  Stabiliteit  Kwaliteitsparameters

Allendorf et al. (2012)

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Draagbare systemen voor de voeding  Vergelijking tussen ‘benchtop’ en draagbaar systeem Druif (bessen)

Druif (blad)


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Draagbare systemen voor de voeding  Enkele bemerkingen • Vergelijkende studie tussen draagbare en ‘benchtop’ NIR-systemen  Lagere performantie draagbare systemen  Flexibiliteit en ‘in-situ’ gebruik draagbare systemen zijn voordeel

• Maar…  Veel van de studies duiden op een vergelijkende analyse in labo!  Invloed van variabele omgevingsfactoren op NIR-spectrum

• Kalibratie?  Transfer mogelijk van een bestaand kalibratiemodel naar een draagbaar systeem

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Draagbare systemen voor de voeding  Draagbaar hyperspectraal camerasysteem (IMEC)

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Draagbare systemen voor de voeding  Spectroscopische analyses

https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/90310 7259/scio-your-sixth-sense-a-pocketmolecular-sensor-fo confidentieel

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Viscositeitsmetingen coatings  Viscositeit • Een belangrijke parameter in industriële processen • Enkele basisprincipes

• Verschillende regimes zijn mogelijk!  ‘shear thinning’ (voedingsproducten)  Invloed van andere omgevingsfactoren  a priori kennis is noodzakelijk voor keuze

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Viscositeitsmetingen coatings  Huidige methodiek • • • •

‘Efflux or flow cup’-methode Bostwick consistometer Vallende bal methode ‘Bubble time’ viscometer

 On-line sensorsystemen beschikbaar • Capillaire viscometers • Rotationele viscometers • Vibrationele viscometers confidentieel

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Viscositeitsmetingen coatings  Capillaire viscometers • Meetprincipe  Drukverschil – stroomsnelheid  Newtoniaans fluïdum

• Restricties • Toestellen

• Applicaties in de voedingsindustrie  Zetmeel oplossingen, melkproducten, honing, pizzasaus

• Opmeten van snelheidsprofielen confidentieel

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Viscositeitsmetingen coatings  Rotationele viscometers • Meetprincipe  Analoog als de standaard labo-opstellingen  Geïntegreerd in proces dmv. bypass loop (on-line)

• Nadeel • Toestellen

• Applicaties in de voedingsindustrie  Sauzen, purees, chocoladeproducten, … confidentieel

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Viscositeitsmetingen coatings  Vibrationele viscometers • Meetprincipe  Opmeten van verandering in oscillatie van een sonde  Geen invloed van wand

• Voordelen  Robuust, eenvoudige procesintegratie, continue analyse, ….

• Nadeel • Toestellen

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Viscositeitsmetingen coatings  Conclusie • Viscositeit is geen eenvoudige kwaliteitsparameter • Brede waaier aan technologieën beschikbaar • Productie- en procesafhankelijk!

 Richtlijn • Uitgebreide ‘off-line’ studie noodzakelijk  Simuleren procesomstandigheden

• Specifieke toestellen zijn beschikbaar voor specifieke applicaties

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Terahertz applicaties voedingsindustrie  Definitie • Elektromagnetische straling in het gebied tussen 100 GHz - 30 THz

Terahertz spectroscopie

• Fundamentele eigenschappen

Millimeter golf spectroscopie

 Niet ioniserende straling  Specifieke interactie met polaire moleculen STW-artikel

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Terahertz applicaties voedingsindustrie  Oorsprong

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Terahertz applicaties voedingsindustrie  Opstellingen • Transmissie- en reflectieopstellingen

OK et al. (2014) Gowen et al. (2012)

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Terahertz applicaties voedingsindustrie  Opstellingen • ‘Pulsed’ en ‘continuous wave’ gebaseerde systemen

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Terahertz applicaties voedingsindustrie  Commerciële apparatuur en applicaties • Teraview

• Applicaties  Materiaal karakterisatie  Medische beeldvorming  Controle halfgeleider systemen  Veiligheidsscreening en –detectie  Controle kristalstructuur medicatie

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Terahertz applicaties voedingsindustrie  Voedingsapplicaties

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Gowen et al. (2012)

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Terahertz applicaties voedingsindustrie  Voedingsapplicaties • Vochtigheidsdectectie  analoog als mm-golftechnologie

• Pesticide- en antibioticadetectie

• Vreemde voorwerpen detectie  Glas, metaal, steen in chocolade  Ok et al. (2014)

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Agenda ONDERWERP

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Sensors For Food Nieuws  VIS-traject i-FAST • Ingediend bij IWT op 27/11 • Interesseverklaring van 63 bedrijven en 5 deelnameovereenkomsten • 3 validatietrajecten:  MOBISPEC  FYSTEM  X-FAST

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i-FAST projectschema

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Flanders’ FOOD Technology Days

5 topics  Word Class production  Smart Production  3D & Food  Digital Factory  Sensing and Monitoring

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Multiscale modeling in food engineering  Program (Leuven, 18/12)

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Industrial automation in food industry  Gezamelijk event • Food Factory of the Future • PicknPack project

 Indumation event (6-8 mei, www.indumation.be)  Workshop (7 mei) • Session on information  Sensor technologies, ICT-datastructures, …

• Session on actuation  Trends on robotics and automation ,…

• Panel debat • Geleide toer in de namiddag

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Agenda ONDERWERP

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IWT gebruikerspoll

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IWT gebruikerspoll

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IWT gebruikerspoll

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Terugblik & Vooruitblik  Terugblik : wat neemt u tot hiertoe mee • Bedrijven  Wat was voor u het interessantste uit deze vergadering?  Wat heeft u bijgeleerd?

 Vooruitblik : verwachtingen • Allen

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Agenda ONDERWERP

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Sensors For Food

9de Gebruikersgroepvergadering Sensors For Food platform 2 December 2014

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Sensors For Food. 9de Gebruikersgroepvergadering Sensors For Food platform. confidentieel. 2 December 2014

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