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SELAMAT DATANG DI KAMPUS GUNUNG BATU
FORESTRY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (FORDA), MINISTRY OF FORESTRY, REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA BOGOR, 4 MARET 2014
TEKNOLOGI PRODUKSI GAHARU BUATAN BADAN LITBANG KEHUTANAN
Erdy Santoso, Luciasih Agustini, Lisna Efiyanti, Sarah A.Faulina, Irnayuli R. Sitepu, Ragil S.B. Irianto, Asep Hidayat, Maman Turjaman
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IsI
PENDAHULUAN APA ITU GAHARU, MANFAAT, PENYEBARAN JENIS2 POHON PENGHASIL GAHARU PENANAMAN GAHARU TEKNOLOGI INOKULASI GAHARU PENUTUP
PENDAHULUAN Perdagangan internasional gaharu alam 15 abad yl : perdagangan gaharu alam volume rendah, kualitas tinggi Indonesia : eksportir gaharu terbesar di dunia Species
: >15 jenis Aquilaria; > 7 jenis Gyrinops
Produksi : tergantung pada alam > 1990
: permintaan gaharu tinggi, kualitas rendah (kekhawatiran kelangkaan gaharu)
Status
:-A. malaccensis (1994, CITES, Ap.II) -Aquilaria & Gyrinops (2004, CITES, Ap. II)
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APA ITU GAHARU ? Sejenis gumpalan berwarna coklat kehitaman apabila dibakar berbau harum, mengandung damar wangi yang berada di batang, cabang, ranting atau akar dari pohon penghasil gaharu yang sudah mengalami proses perubahan fisika & kimia karena terinfeksi penyakit atau jamur.
suatu
ISTILAH GAHARU KARAS
AGARWOOD
MENGKARAS
EAGLEWOOD
GARU
ALOEWOOD
TABA
JINKOH
POHON SPIRITUAL 3
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KAYU TUHAN
POHON PENGHASIL GAHARU ALAM
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MENYESATKAN !!
MANFAAT Gaharu sebagai tanam obat,
1
Gaharu Bubuk
parfum, dan incense
Parfum Hio/Dupa
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Agarwood is as medicinal plants, incenses, parfums 1 kg= 150 YUAN (Rp. 225.000/kg)
MEMASARKAN GAHARU DI PINGGIR JALAN
MANFAAT SEBAGAI OBAT
Asthma KELELAHAN GANGGUAN SEKS Anxiety GANGGUAN TIDUR weight reduction Detoxification Intoxication Constipation
SAKIT KULIT premature aging pulmonary care circulatory problem treatment of headaches
They had a “significant reduction in body weight” To be used as a “prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders” AGEN ANTI BAKTERI Proven antipyretic (MENORMALKAN SUHU BADAN YG DEMAM) Analgesic (MENGURANGI RASA SAKIT DI BADAN SECARA ALAMI) AGEN ANTI-OKSIDANT
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Minyak gaharu Menjaga kesehatan bayi (Arab) Traditional use : Greasing agarwood oil near ear & their faces
RATUS u/ Kesehatan
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Gaharu :Aroma menyehatkan
Mata tdk Pedih, Tidak Batuk. Orang Jadi Santai, Senang, bahagia
Agarwood Powder (BUBUK GAHARU)
100 g
Agarwood Powder is a precious medicinal herbs, used as a pillow to treat headaches, depression.
Agarwood Powder is used to exorcise unclean, deep powder can against fleas, lice, fleas.
Effecting strong heart, good digestion, diarrhea, nausea, very effective in the case of asthma or shortness of breath.
You can use the powder for inhalation depression, stormed the worship space, oxygen sedation, mental help cheerily, comfortable, peaceful atmosphere and pure for your living space.
BUATAN Vietnam (USD 100/box) = Rp 1.200.000/1 ons)
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Bahan aktif gaharu dan penggunaannya (Japan, China, Taiwan, South Korea, Malaysia, Germany) 1. Kayu (Terpenoids) 2. Daun (Polyphenols)
Terpenoid
Flavonoid
Xanthone
Mangiferin
Chromone
Santai Tenang Rileks
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SKIN CARE (ANTI PENUAAN)
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SKIN CARE (ANTI AGING)
SKIN CARE (ANTI AGING)
Sabun Gaharu
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Agarwood market in Kuwait City
INCENSE
Ritual harian, gaharu dibakar setiap hari
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BUDDHIS, HINDUS, SHINTO, KONGHUCU, ETC.
IN EAST ASIA
INCENSES
BUDDHIS, HINDUS, SHINTO, KHONGHUCU agarwood is the best of raw material for incense
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HIO PRODUCTIONS IN TAIPEI NEED RAWMATERIALS OF LOW-GRADE AGARWOOD
EXPORT :> 400 TONNES/YEAR
PARFUM INDUSTRY
Agarwood oil is as fixative compounds in parfum
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PARFUM TESTER
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putrajaya
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Wild agarwood export quota (2008-2012) YEAR
A. malaccensis A. filaria
Gyrinops
2008
30.000 (Q) 30.000 (E)
65.000 (Q) 65.000 (E)
25.000 (Q) 25.000 (E)
2009
173.250 (Q) 74.890 (E)
455.000(Q) 326.882(E)
-
2010
146.250 (Q) 74.890 (E)
427.000 (Q) 427.000 (E)
-
2011
162.256 (Q) 161.516 (E) 178.482 (Q) 177.982 (E)
473.400 473.400 520.470 479.477
-
2012
Wild Agarwood
Agarwood producing tree
(Q) (E) (Q) (E)
SUPER KING US $ 1.5 Million
Mysterious Eaglewood/
process
Agarwood/ Gaharu
Product diversification
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Bioinduction
Nursery & Plantation
AGARWOOD Bioinduction
Inoculation
process
Agarwood (gaharu)
AGARWOOD CULTIVATED INDUSTRY
Plantation
Inoculation
H A R V E S T I N G
M A R K E T I N G Important steps
Agarwood chips
Agarwood oil
Agarwood tea
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Distribution of malaccensis group A. malaccensis A. beccariana A. microcarpa A. hirta
Distribution of filaria group Aquilaria fillaria G. versteegii G. moluccana G. ladermanii
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Beberapa jenis pohon penghasil Gaharu yang banyak dibudidayakan :
Aquilaria malaccensis Aquilaria microcarpa Aquilaria beccariana Aquilaria cumingiana Aquilaria hirta Aquilaria filaria Gyrinops versteegii Aquilaria crassna Aquilaria subintegra
Aquilaria malaccensis
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Aquilaria microcarpa
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Aquilaria cumingiana
Aquilaria beccariana
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Aquilaria filaria
Bunga Gyrinops versteegii
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Gyrinops versteegii
Aquilaria beccariana
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Aquilaria beccariana
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TEKNOLOGI BUDIDAYA
Bibit dapat berasal dari : Biji/benih Wilding Kultur jaringan Cangkok Stek Pucuk
Kecambah A. malaccensis
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DI SENTRA GAHARU : SUMBER BIBIT GAHARU TIDAK MASALAH Pegunungan Meratus
AKLIMATISASI BIBIT DALAM SUNGKUP
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PLANTATION : HOME GARDEN & AGROFORESTRY
AKTIVITAS PRODUKSI BIBIT GAHARU DI SEKITAR TAMAN NASIONAL TANJUNG PUTING KALIMANTAN TENGAH
>100.000 bibit/per tahun
Tanjung Puting
Bangkinang-Riau
Budidaya Gaharu: Kekuatan Ekonomi Hijau
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TANAMAN : KEBUN &Tumpangsari
Arowana (Scleropages formosus)
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Aquilaria malaccensis-Monoculture
Bahorok-North Sumatra
Aquilaria microcarpa-monoculture
Pontianak-West Kalimantan
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Agarwood trees Rubber trees
Riau province, Sumatra
Riau province, Sumatra 30
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Agarwood trees and the deers (Trawas, East Java)
BIOINDUCTION TECHNOLOGY PATENT: IDP0031630
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TEKNOLOGI SUNTIK GAHARU
Filosofi dasar : Pelukaan MEKANIK
KIMIA
Blade
sugar + Oil
Hammering of nails
axe/ saws
Jasmonic Acid
MIKROBIOLOGI Torula sp. (Bose, 1934) Epicoccum (Battcharrya, 1952) Aspergillus (Gibson,1977) Fusarium solani (Santoso, 1984) Botrydiplodia (Subansenee, 1985) Penicillium (Tamuli, 2000) Acremonium (Rahayu, 2003) Cladosporium (Burfield,2005) Fusarium xylaroides (Agustini, 2006)
Soybean Oil Sulfuric Acid (Dangerous)
microbiological-vs Mechanical-vs Chemical-mechanisms
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Stik Bambu dgn bahan kimia asam
Gaharu Alam 0 y 5y 10y 15y 20y 25y 30y 35y 40y 45y 50y 60y 70y 80y
Gaharu hasil Budidaya Agarwood Inoculation Harvest plantation 0y 1y 2y 3y 4y 5y 6y 7y 8y 9y 10y 11y 12y 13y 14y 15y
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TIGA FAKTOR PENENTU POHON Species ? PENGHASIL GAHARU Age ? Diameter ? Healthy ?
SOP
(Standard operation Procedure)
JAMUR PATOGEN Species? Aggresivity ? Spore number? Still alive? Inoculum type? How to inoculate ?
LINGKUNGAN TEMPAT TUMBUH Humidity ? Attacked by Pest? Fertility ? Prunning treatment? Safety ?
Penampang tangensial gaharu setelah diinokulasi 3 bulan
Fungal hypha
PEMBULUH
Jari-jari
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Microscopies study Microscopies ADR 9 HIS – Isolat Fusarium (C1)
(Mucharomah, 2009)
(Mucharomah, 2009)
Microscopies ADR 21 HSI
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Fusarium solani
Inoculation process
1/3d
Fungal pathogen species selected Agarwood tree health conditions
Diameter size minimum: 15 cm Depth inoculation :1/3 of diameter size
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Chopping
INOCULANT DOSAGE
2011-2013
0.25-0.5cc
1-2 cc 2008-2011
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2008-2011
2011-2013
Inoculation process
Aquilaria crassna in South Kalimantan
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Pengusaha gaharu dr Jawa Timur (Indonesia)
Screening four isolates of F. Solani Location : Sukabumi, West Java Population : 80 trees Time
: 3 months after inoculation
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Screening four isolates of F. Solani
Location : Carita beach, Banten Population : 360 trees Time
: 3 months after inoculation
Screening four isolates of F. Solani Location : Sanggau, West Kalimantan Population : 143,000 trees Time
: 3 months after inoculation
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Screening four isolates of F. Solani Location : Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Population : > 200,000 trees Time
: 3 months after inoculation
TARAKAN, Kalimantan Utara Location : nursery of Forestry officeTarakan Inoculation date: 20/10/2012 Observation 1: 9/11/2012 (20 days)
FORDA CC 0500
FORDA CC 0509
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Location: Forest experiment of Borneo University, Tarakan Inoculation date: 17/9/2012 Observation 1: 5/11/2012 (50 days)
SETELAH 1 TAHUN
5/11/2012 to 15/11/2013 1x3 cm2
Aquilaria malaccensis
5x20 cm2
> 30 times
5 cm
20 cm
Location : Borneo University, Tarakan (North Kalimantan Province)
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Gyrinops versteegii in Lombok island
HEART ROT
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PANEN GAHARU
HARVEST
Farmer group showed how to harvest agarwood in Bangka
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First harvest of agarwood in Sanggau, West Kalimantan
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A. crassna
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>US $ 800
Aquilaria crassna (3 years after inoculation)
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First harvest of agarwood in Lingga island, Riau Archiphelago Province, Indonesia
Aquilaria malaccensis
Price : USD 40/100 g ( nine months after inoculation)
> 1.20 m
Aquilaria malaccensis (Putussibau, West Kalimantan)
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A. malaccensis
Putussibau, West Kalimantan
A. malaccensis
Putussibau, West Kalimantan
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Putussibau, West Kalimantan
Fresh agarwood : 920 kg Dry agarwood : 480 kg
Putussibau, West Kalimantan
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1 agarwood tree = USD 2,500
First harvest of native agarwood in Putussibau, West Kalimantan
15-month after inoculation of Aquilaria malaccensis (Kandangan-South Kalimantan); Contact Person: Muhammad Yani 1 tree (dbh=40 cm; harvest: 13 kg dryed agarwood)
PRICE: USD 60-150/kg
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Agarwood Formation Inoculation hole
Kandangan, KalSel
Kandangan, KalSel
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ONE AGARWOOD PRODUCING TREE SPECIES Aquilaria malaccensis (Kandangan, South Kalimantan)
Fresh Weight = 25 KG Dry Weight = 13 KG
North Sumatra
Need 3 L inoculant Native agarwood tree in rubber tree plantations
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North Sumatra (< 2 yo) Aquilaria malaccensis North Sumatra (< 2 yo)
Fresh agarwood :4 tonnes Dry agarwood : ???
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Aquilaria crassna
Barabai, South Kalimantan
Barabai, South Kalimantan
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LAMPUNG-SUMATERA LAMPUNG-SUMATERA
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LAMPUNG-SUMATERA
LAMPUNG-SUMATERA
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LAMPUNG-SUMATERA Agarwood farmers from Cambodia
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Agarwood farmers from Cambodia
Cambodia
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Cambodia : 2 million trees
Population : 2 million trees
Cambodia 59
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Cambodia Dissemination to Agarwood farmer
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Perkembangan Industri Gaharu di Asia:One Stop Service
Oleh : Maman Turjaman dan Erdy Santoso Pusat Litbang Konservasi dan Rehabilitasi Badan Litbang Kehutan-Kemenhut E-mail:
[email protected]
Hongkong = fragrant Harbour = Pelabuhan Wangi
Street Market in Guang Zhou
Jacky Chan is a consumer
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PERUSAHAAN GAHARU BERBASIS R & D
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PERUSAHAAN GAHARU BERBASIS R&D
Agarwood oil industry in Malaysia
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KONSUMEN MENDATANGI SENTRA-SENTRA PENGHASIL GAHARU
agarwood blocks (ornaments & decorations)
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KUWAIT
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BALI
BALI
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BALI
BALI
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EKOWISATA GAHARU DI GOPENG, PERAK, MALAYSIA N04° 27.573„
E101° 11.309'
Gaharu Technologies Sdn Bhd (837448-W) Lot 9840, Mukim Teja, Kg Pintu Padang, 31600 Gopeng, Perak, Malaysia Tel : 05-3511999/1198
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TURIS ANTRI KELILING KEBUN GAHARU DGN MINI BUS DI GOPENG, MALAYSIA
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BENIH POHON PENGHASIL GAHARU DI GOPENG
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SOSIALISASI GAHARU BUAT PENGUNJUNG
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Concluding remarks Bioinduction technology can increase agarwood production. Fusarium solani is a fungal pathogen effective to inoculate agarwood production with microbiological mechanisms. Each F. Solani strain could produce agarwood production quality difference with agarwood tree species diference.
Increasing of local community‟s motivation to plant gaharu tree and gaharu inoculation activity. Strengthening of stakeholder‟s capacity to implement participatory gaharu development. Empowering farmer groups & forest extension officers to implement gaharu inoculation
Terima kasih 82
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Kontak Person : 1.Dr. Erdy Santoso : 0852-1007-9151 2.Dr. Maman Turjaman : 0813-1982-5502
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