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TUGAS AKHIR
RUMAH TEKSTIL NUSANTARA DI SURAKARTA DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR HIPERSEMIOTIKA
Disusun oleh : Arleta Rachma Wibowoputri I0210008
Dibimbing oleh : Dr. Titis Srimuda Pitana, S.T, M.Trop.Arch Dr. Eng. Kusumaningdyah N.H. ST, MT
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET commit 2016 to user
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HOUSE OF INDONESIAN TEXTILE AT SURAKARTA WITH HYPERSEMIOTICS ARCHITECTURE APPROACH Arleta Rachma Wibowoputri, Titis Srimuda Pitana, Kusumaningdyah Nurul Handayani Program Studi Arsitektur Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta E-mail:
[email protected]
NIM: I0210008 Periode TA: 143 (Juli-September 2016) Tanggal Ujian: 15 September 2016 Abstract: Indonesia may lose its inheritance of traditional textile if the textile conservation efforts remains far behind the development of general textile factory production, by both the government and market makers. To respond to these conditions, House of Indonesian Textiles, as an information and education forum of Indonesian Traditional Textiles, are planned to be present in Surakarta –a city with great traditional textiles potential and is now being prepared by the government to be the shaft of the development of general textile manufacturer. In the planning process, a heritage building will be revived by variety of new functions such as textile museum, cafe-library for textile enthusiasts and communities, and also traditional textile studio and gallery. Besides activity-zoning adjustment to the sake of heritage building significant values, other design problem is to construct architecture –specifically its visual space and its scene of access point- that appeal to whole layers of society in order to develop culture preservation optimally. For this, visual disciplines as design approach deemed to be appropriate choice. More specifically, a visual which corresponded to the universal consciousness of these hyperreality era; hypersemiotics. The results of the architecture design could be described as a visual messenger filled with space games upon the consciousness of reality, and architectural element games upon the generality of its function, which is able to attract visitors to come and support the delivery of information. Keywords: Contemporary Appeal in Architecture, HeritageBuilding, Traditional Textile Conservation
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RUMAH TEKSTIL NUSANTARA DI SURAKARTA DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR HIPERSEMIOTIKA Arleta Rachma Wibowoputri, Titis Srimuda Pitana, Kusumaningdyah Nurul Handayani Program Studi Arsitektur Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta E-mail:
[email protected]
NIM: I0210008 Periode TA: 143 (Juli-September 2016) Tanggal Ujian: 15 September 2016 Abstrak: Tidak tertutup kemungkinan Indonesia akan kehilangan harta pengetahuan tekstil tradisionalnya jika upaya pelestarian tekstil tradisional jauh tertinggal atas upaya pengembangan tekstil pabrikan, baik oleh pemerintah maupun pegiat bisnis. Untuk merespons kondisi tersebut, Rumah Tekstil Nusantara sebagai wadah informasi dan edukasi tekstil tradisional hadir di Surakarta, kota dengan potensi kesejarahan tekstil tradisional yang cukup kuat dan kini tengah disiapkan pemerintah menjadi kota poros pengembangan tekstil pabrikan Indonesia. Dalam perancangannya, sebuah bangunan pusaka dihidupkan kembali dengan ragam fungsi baru seperti museum tekstil, perpustakaan dan kafe komunitas tekstil, sanggar tekstil tradisional, dan galeri. Selain penyesuaian zonasi kegiatan dengan kepentingan bangunan pusaka, beban desain adalah penghadiran visual ruang dan alur ruang yang menarik bagi seluruh lapisan masyarakat masa kini tanpa terkecuali agar pelestarian budaya berjalan optimal. Untuk hal ini ilmu visual sebagai pendekatan desain dirasa pilihan tepat. Secara lebih spesifik, visual yang sesuai dengan kesadaran universal peradaban era hiperealitas, yaitu hipersemiotika. Hasil perancangan bisa digambarkan sebuah arsitektur sebagai visual pembawa pesan penuh permainan suasana atas kesadaran realita, dan permainan elemen atas fungsinya, yang mampu menarik pengunjung datang dan mendukung penyampaian informasi. Kata kunci: Arsitektur dengan Daya Tarik Masa Kini, Bangunan Pusaka, Konservasi Tekstil Nusantara
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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL DAFTAR ISI...........................................................................................................
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DAFTAR GAMBAR..............................................................................................
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DAFTAR TABEL...................................................................................................
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DAFTAR DIAGRAM............................................................................................
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PENDAHULUAN 1.1 JUDUL.............................................................................................
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1.2 ESENSI JUDUL...............................................................................
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1.3 LATAR BELAKANG......................................................................
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1.3.1 Indonesia dalam Tekstil............................................................
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1.3.2 Tekstil, Surakarta, dan Istana Kembang Banowati....................
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1.3.3 Pelestarian Budaya Kini............................................................
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1.4 PERMASALAHAN DAN PERSOALAN.......................................
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1.4.1 Permasalahan............................................................................
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1.4.2 Persoalan..................................................................................
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1.5 TUJUAN DAN SASARAN.............................................................
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1.5.1 Tujuan.......................................................................................
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1.5.2 Sasaran......................................................................................
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1.6 BATASAN DAN LINGKUP PEMBAHASAN...............................
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1.6.1 Batasan Pembahasan.................................................................
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1.6.2 Lingkup Pembahasan................................................................
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1.7 POLA PIKIR....................................................................................
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1.8 METODE PENGUMPULAN DATA..............................................
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1.9 STRATEGI DESAIN.......................................................................
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1.9.1 Lokasi dan Zonasi.....................................................................
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1.9.2 Pola Hubungan dan Alur Ruang................................................
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1.9.3 Elemen Arsitektur.....................................................................
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1.10 SISTEMATIKA PENULISAN........................................................
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TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 RUMAH TEKSTIL NUSANTARA................................................
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2.1.1 Pengertian Tekstil.....................................................................
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2.1.2 Tekstil Produk Budaya..............................................................
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2.1.2.1 Perlindungan Tekstil.....................................................
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2.1.2.2 Pengembangan Tekstil..................................................
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2.1.2.3 Pemanfaatan Tekstil......................................................
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2.1.3 Tentang Tekstil Nusantara........................................................
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2.1.3.1 Bahan Dasar..................................................................
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2.1.3.2 Perwujudan Tekstil Tradisional....................................
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2.1.3.3 Jenis Tekstil Nusantara.................................................
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2.1.3.4 Desain, Corak, dan Warna.............................................
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2.1.3.5 Tekstil dalam Masyarakat.............................................
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2.1.4 Makna ‘Rumah’ dalam ‘Rumah Tekstil Nusantara’..................
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2.2 ARSITEKTUR HIPERSEMIOTIKA...............................................
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2.2.1 Pengertian Hipersemiotika........................................................
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2.2.2 Prinsip dan Konsep Tanda........................................................
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2.2.3 Arsitektur Hipersemiotika........................................................
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2.2.4 Pembentukan Tanda Arsitektur.................................................
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2.3 BANGUNAN KONSERVASI.........................................................
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2.3.1 Pengertian Konservasi..............................................................
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2.3.2 Tahapan Konservasi..................................................................
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2.4 PRESEDEN......................................................................................
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2.4.1 Museum Tekstil Jakarta............................................................
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2.4.2 Textile Arts Center....................................................................
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2.4.3 Nationaltrust Textile Conservation Studio................................
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2.4.4 Museum Bank Indonesia...........................................................
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2.4.5 Kantor Pos Kota Fatahilah........................................................
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TINJAUAN LOKASI: SURAKARTA 3.1 GAMBARAN UMUM KOTA SURAKARTA................................
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3.2 SURAKARTA KOTA PUSAKA.....................................................
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3.2.1 Kebijakan Kota Pusaka.............................................................
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3.3 TEKSTIL DALAM KOTA KREATIF SURAKARTA...................
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3.3.1 Surakarta Kota Kreatif Desain..................................................
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3.3.2 Tekstil Nusantara dan Ekonomi Kreatif...................................
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3.3.3 Komunitas Tekstil dan Potensi Lingkungan di Surakarta........
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PENDEKATAN KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN 4.1 PROGRAM KEGIATAN RUMAH TEKSTIL NUSANTARA.......
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4.1.1 Analisa Konsep Kegiatan yang Direncanakan..........................
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4.1.2 Analisa Kegiatan......................................................................
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4.1.2.1 Museum Laboratorium Tekstil.....................................
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4.1.2.2 Sanggar Tekstil.............................................................
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4.1.2.3 Kafe Perpustakaan dan Galeri Tekstil..........................
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4.1.3 Analisa Kebutuhan Ruang dan Pola Hubungan Ruang............
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4.1.4 Analisa Spesifikasi Besaran Ruang..........................................
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4.2 LAHAN TERENCANA RUMAH TEKSTIL NUSANTARA.........
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4.2.1 Analisa Konservasi...................................................................
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4.2.1.1 Dokumentasi dan Penelitian Konservasi......................
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4.2.1.2 Rencana Konservasi Istana Kembang Banowati..........
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4.2.2 Analisa Perluasan Lahan..........................................................
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4.2.2.1 Kebutuhan Ruang dan Ketersediaan Lahan.................
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4.2.2.2 Lahan Tambahan..........................................................
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4.2.3 Analisa Lahan Terencana.........................................................
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4.3 PERANCANGAN DESAIN RUMAH TEKSTIL NUSANTARA..
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4.3.1 Analisa Zonasi Area Kegiatan..................................................
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4.3.2 Analisa Zonasi Masa Baru dan Perubahan Eksisting................
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4.3.3 Analisa Penerapan Arsitektur Hipersemiotika..........................
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KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN 5.1 PERENCANAAN RUMAH TEKSTIL NUSANTARA...............
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5.1.1 Gambaran Umum Rumah Tekstil Nusantara..........................
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5.1.2 Kegiatan dalam Rumah Tekstil Nusantara............................
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5.1.3 Pengguna Rumah Tekstil Nusantara......................................
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5.2 PERANCANGAN RUMAH TEKSIL NUSANTARA.................
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5.2.2 Alur Ruang Rumah Tekstil Nusantara...................................
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5.2.3 Elemen Arsitektur Rumah Tekstil Nusantara........................
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5.2.4 Infill Bangunan Rumah Tekstil Nusantara............................
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Pengrajin Menenun dengan Alat Tenun Badan Lungsi Menerus.............
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Gambar 2.2 Alat Tenun Badan Lungsi Menerus, Lungsi Beragam, dan Poros............
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Gambar 2.3 Ragam Desain, Corak, dan Warna Batik.................................................
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Gambar 2.4 Tampak Depan Museum Tekstil Jakarta.................................................
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Gambar 2.5 Siteplan Museum Tekstil Jakarta.............................................................
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Gambar 2.6 Tampak Depan Tekstil Arts Center New York........................................
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Gambar 2.7 Ruang Kelas Utama yang Mampu Menaungi Ragam Kegiatan...............
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Gambar 2.8 Lobby Sebagai Ruang Display.................................................................
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Gambar 2.9 Hall Sebagai Ruang Kegiatan..................................................................
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Gambar 2.10 Ruang Kerja untuk Residensi dan Pameran...........................................
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Gambar 2.11 Perpustakaan.........................................................................................
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Gambar 2.12 Sudut Laboratorium...............................................................................
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Gambar 2.13 Tampak Depan Nationaltrust Textile Conservation Studio...................
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Gambar 2.14 Studio Konservasi..................................................................................
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Gambar 2.15 Ruang Laporan Arsip dan Fotografi......................................................
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Gambar 2.16 Hall Serbaguna untuk Kelas Kunjungan...............................................
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Gambar 2.17 Ruang Pencucian Tekstil Besar.............................................................
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Gambar 2.18 Ruang Penyimpanan Koleksi Antrean...................................................
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Gambar 2.19 Tampak Depan Museum Bank Indonesia..............................................
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Gambar 2.20 Denah Lantai 1 Museum Bank Indonesia..............................................
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Gambar 2.21 Denah Lantai 2 Museum Bank Indonesia..............................................
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Gambar 2.22 Ruang Jeda Penerima.............................................................................
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Gambar 2.23 Ruang Cetak dan Edar Uang..................................................................
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Gambar 2.24 Ruang Peralihan....................................................................................
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Gambar 2.25 Ruang Sejarah Bank Indonesia..............................................................
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Gambar 2.26 Ruang Pertemuan..................................................................................
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Gambar 2.27 Ruang Penyimpanan Emas....................................................................
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Gambar 2.28 Tampak Depan Kantor Pos Kota Tua Fatahilah.....................................
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Gambar 2.29 Pemasangan Struktur Ruang Baru.........................................................
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Gambar 2.30 Ruang Baru Kantor Pos Kota Tua Fatahilah.........................................
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Gambar 3.1 Peta Kawasan Pusaka Prioritas Kota Surakarta.......................................
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Gambar 3.3 Festival Ketoprak....................................................................................
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Gambar 3.4 Festival Dalang Bocah.............................................................................
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Gambar 3.5 Solo Batik Fashion...................................................................................
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Gambar 4.1 Lokasi Istana Kembang Banowati...........................................................
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Gambar 4.2 Dua Masa Bangunan Asli Istana Kembang Banowati..............................
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Gambar 4.3 Zona Masa Bangunan Asli Istana Kembang Banowati............................
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Gambar 4.4 Masa Bangunan Asli, Prasasti dan Tanda Cagar Budaya.........................
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Gambar 4.5 Dimensi Lahan dan Bangunan Istana Kembang Banowati.....................
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Gambar 4.6 Ragam Dinding Eksterior Istana Kembang Banowati.............................
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Gambar 4.7 Ragam Teras Istana Kembang Banowati.................................................
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Gambar 4.8 Ragam Kolom Istana Kembang Banowati...............................................
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Gambar 4.9 Ragam Pintu dan Jendela Eksterior Istana Kembang Banowati...............
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Gambar 4.10 Ragam Atap dan Dormer Istana Kembang Banowati.............................
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Gambar 4.11 Teritisan dan Talang Air Istana Kembang Banowati.............................
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Gambar 4.12 Ornamen Khas Istana Kembang Banowati............................................
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Gambar 4.13 Skema Denah Eksisting Istana Kembang Banowati.............................
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Gambar 4.14 Ragam Tangga Istana Kembang Banowati............................................
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Gambar 4.15 Ragam Plafond Istana Kembang Banowati............................................
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Gambar 4.16 Ragam Pintu dan Jendela Interior Istana Kembang Banowati................
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Gambar 4.17 Fix Furniture pada Bangunan A Istana Kembang Banowati..................
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Gambar 4.18 Ilustrasi Kebutuhan Ruang dan Ketersediaan Lahan..............................
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Gambar 4.19 Ilustrasi Penyocokan Kebutuhan Ruang dan Ketersediaan Lahan 1......
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Gambar 4.20 Ilustrasi Penyocokan Kebutuhan Ruang dan Ketersediaan Lahan 2......
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Gambar 4.21 Batas Lahan untuk Analisa Perluasan....................................................
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Gambar 4.22 Eksisting Kawasan untuk Analisa Lahan...............................................
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Gambar 4.23 Analisa Arah Sinar Matahari.................................................................
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Gambar 4.24 Analisa Arah Angin Muson...................................................................
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Gambar 4.25 Analisa Titik Pohon...............................................................................
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Gambar 4.26 Analisa Pintu Masuk Lahan...................................................................
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Gambar 4.27 Analisa Arah Angin Mikro....................................................................
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Gambar 4.28 Analisa Kebisingan................................................................................
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Gambar 4.29 Analisa Nilai Pandangan ke Dalam Lahan.............................................
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Gambar 4.30 Penzonaan Umum Skalatis Berdasarkan Area Kegiatan........................
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Gambar 4.31 Penzonaan Masa Baru dan Perubahan Eksisting....................................
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Gambar 5.2 Zonasi Peruangan Penerima....................................................................
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Gambar 5.3 Zonasi Peruangan Museum Laboratorium...............................................
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Gambar 5.4 Zonasi Peruangan Kafe Perpustakaan......................................................
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Gambar 5.5 Zonasi Peruangan Sanggar......................................................................
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Gambar 5.6 Zonasi Peruangan Servis..........................................................................
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1 Metode Pengumpulan Data.........................................................................
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Tabel 2.1 Tingkatan Penjagaan Artefak......................................................................
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Tabel 2.2 Kebutuhan Teknis Konservasi Tekstil.........................................................
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Tabel 2.3 Data Tanaman Bahan Dasar Serat Tekstil di Nusantara..............................
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Tabel 2.4 Data Tanaman Bahan Dasar Pewarna Tekstil di Nusantara.........................
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Tabel 2.5 Jenis Tekstil Dasar Nusantara......................................................................
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Tabel 2.6 Prinsip Tanda Semiotika dan Hipersemiotika.............................................
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Tabel 2.7 Konsep Tanda Semiotika dan Hipersemiotika.............................................
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Tabel 2.8 Informasi dalam Tanda Arsitektur...............................................................
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Tabel 2.9 Perkembangan Prinsip Arsitektur Berdasarkan Era Kebudayaan................
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Tabel 2.10 Kode Tanda Lima......................................................................................
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Tabel 2.11 Aspek Semantik Arsitektur........................................................................
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Tabel 2.12 Istilah Jenis Kegiatan Konservasi..............................................................
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Tabel 2.13 Tahapan Proses Dokumentasi....................................................................
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Tabel 2.14 Tahapan Proses Penelitian.........................................................................
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Tabel 2.15 Tahapan Proses Penentuan Konsep Konservasi........................................
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Tabel 2.16 Aspek Penting Infill Bangunan..................................................................
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Tabel 2.17 Ruang dan Kegiatan Museum Tekstil Jakarta............................................
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Tabel 2.18 Program Kegiatan Anak Textile Arts Center.............................................
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Tabel 2.19 Program Kegiatan Kelas Textile Arts Center.............................................
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Tabel 2.20 Program Kegiatan Studio Textile Arts Center...........................................
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Tabel 2.21 Fasilitas dan Layanan Nationaltrust Textile Conservation Studio.............
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Tabel 3.1 Prinsip Pengembangan Kota Pusaka Surakarta...........................................
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Tabel 3.2 Sasaran dan Strategi Pengembangan Kota Pusaka Surakarta.......................
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Tabel 3.3 Data Pegiat UMKM Kreatif Subsektor Fashion di Surakarta......................
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Tabel 3.4 Data Event Terkait Tekstil di Surakarta.......................................................
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Tabel 3.5 Data Komunitas Terkait Tekstil di Surakarta...............................................
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Tabel 4.1 Jenis Kegiatan Museum Laboratorium........................................................
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Tabel 4.2 Jenis Kegiatan Sanggar................................................................................
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Tabel 4.3 Program Kelas Sanggar...............................................................................
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Tabel 4.4 Jenis Kegiatan Cafe Perpustakaan & Galeri................................................
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commit to user Tabel 4.5 Kebutuhan Ruang Museum Laboratorium..................................................
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Tabel 4.6 Kebutuhan Ruang Sanggar..........................................................................
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Tabel 4.7 Kebutuhan Ruang Cafe Perpustakaan & Galeri...........................................
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Tabel 4.8 Kebutuhan Besaran Ruang Museum Laboratorium.....................................
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Tabel 4.9 Kebutuhan Besaran Ruang Sanggar............................................................
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Tabel 4.10 Kebutuhan Besaran Ruang Cafe Perpustakaan & Galeri...........................
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Tabel 4.11 Laporan Penelitian dan Dokumentasi Bangunan Konservasi....................
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Tabel 4.12 Tahapan Proses Penentuan Konsep Konservasi........................................
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Tabel 4.13 Perwujudan Masa dan Ruang Berdasarkan Aspek Semantik.....................
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Tabel 4.14 Petanda dan Variabel Penanda yang Akan Di-Hipersemiotika-kan...........
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Tabel 5.1 Jenis Kegiatan dan Keterangannya..............................................................
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Tabel 5.2 Jenis Pengguna dan Keterangannya.............................................................
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Tabel 5.3 Rencana Permainan Suasana Ruang dari Transformasi Penanda-Petanda...
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Tabel 5.4 Rencana Permainan Masa dari Transformasi Penanda-Petanda..................
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DAFTAR DIAGRAM
Diagram 1.1 Pola Pikir................................................................................................
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Diagram 2.1 Kedudukan Sistem Tanda oleh Barthes..................................................
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Diagram 4.1 Kelompok Kegiatan Berdasarkan Upaya Pelestarian.............................
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Diagram 4.2 Struktur Organisasi Museum Laboratorium...........................................
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Diagram 4.3 Struktur Organisasi Sanggar...................................................................
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Diagram 4.4 Struktur Organisasi Cafe Perpustakaan & Galeri....................................
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Diagram 4.5 Pola Hubungan Ruang Museum Laboratorium......................................
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Diagram 4.6 Pola Hubungan Ruang Sanggar..............................................................
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Diagram 4.7 Pola Hubungan Ruang Cafe Perpustakaan & Galeri...............................
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Diagram 5.1 Permainan Alur Suasana Ruang Pengunjung..........................................
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Diagram 5.2 Permainan Alur Suasana Ruang Pengelola.............................................
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