RECLAMATION AND REVEGETATION

RECLAMATION AND REVEGETATION (AFTER COAL MINING OPERATION) (PROBLEMS AND SOLUTION )

Dr. Setiadi Dr.Yadi Yadi Setiadi Mined Land Rehabilitation Specialist Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University Kampus IPB, Darmaga, Bogor [email protected]. 08111102302

Tropical Rain Forest Function

Conserve soil and water Supporting biodiversity Natural resources Control climatic conditions Water cycle processes Carbon sequestration Genetic resources Habitat for flora and fauna

Illegal logging Forest fires Agriculture development Timber plantations Estate crops plantations Shifting cultivation Transmigration Mining Operations

Character Degraded Mined Land     

      

Loss of vegetation Disturbed ecosystem Erosion and run-off (sedimentation, contamination) Reduce native species biodiversity Damages to wildlife habitat Damages of watershed area Changes natural landscape

Exposed  Loss of root and crown function No vegetation  Loss of supporting biodiversity No top soil and sub-soil  Loss of land productivity Land stability  Land slides and erosion Poor soil  poor survival and poor growth performance

Government Regulation for Mined Land Reclamation and Revegetation FORESTRY DEPT  NO change the structure and function of the forest  Conduct reclamation and reforestation  Protect the forest from illegal logging, and land occupancy

ENVIRONMENTAL DEPT  Conduct mitigation measures for the significant impacts : (contamination of heavy metals, aggressive occupation of alien species)  Minimize forest destruction (foot print)  Conduct Biological conservation ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES DEPT  Land stability and Erosion control  Develop planning for reclamation and mine closure

Successful Standard Criteria for Reclamation and Revegetation Acuan PerMenESDM No.07 Tahun 2014 No. Kegiatan Reklamasi / Obyek Kegiatan 1. Penatagunaan Lahan

Parameter

1. Luas area yang ditata (Ha) 2. Stabilitas timbunan (%) 1. Luas area yang ditimbun (Ha) b. Penimbunan kembali lahan bekas tambang 2. Stabilitas timbunan (%) 1. Luas area yang ditebar (Ha) c. Penebaran tanah zona pengakaran 2. pH tanah 1. Saluran drainase (%) d. Pengendalian erosi dan pengelolaan air 2. Bangunan pengendali erosi (%) 3. Kolam pengendap sedimen (%) 2. Revegetasi dan Pekerjaan Sipil 1. Pengelolaan material (% Volume) a. Pengelolaan material pembangkit AAT 2. Pengelolaan AAT (%) 1. Luas area penanaman (Ha) 2. Jenis tanaman - Cover crop b. Penanaman - Fast growing - Tanaman lokal 3. Pertumbuhan tanaman (%) 3. Penyelesaian Akhir a. Penutupan tajuk 1. Pemupukan b. Pemeliharaan 2. Pengendalian gulam, hama&penyakit 3. Penyulaman a. Penataan permukaan lahan

Rencana

Standar Keberhasilan Pelaksanaan > 80 % tidak ada longsoran > 80 % tidak ada longsoran > 75 % 5- 6 tidak terjadi erosi tidak terjadi alur erosi sesuai BML sesuai rencana sesuai BML > 80 % sesuai rencana sesuai rencana sesuai rencana sesuai rencana > 80 % > 80 % sesuai kebutuhan sesuai kebutuhan sesuai kebutuhan

Standard Criteria for Revegetation success No.

Kriteria / Indikator / Parameter

Checklist : M = Memenuhi ; TM = Tidak Memenuhi 1 Penataaan Permukaan Lahan a. Pengisian kembali lubang bekas tambang b. Luas areal yang ditata c. Kestabilan d. Penaburan tanah pucuk e. pH Tanah 2 Pengendalian Erosi dan Sedimentasi a. Bangunan konservasi tanah - Jumlah fisik bangunan - Kondisi bangunan b. Penanaman cover crop c. Erosi dan sedimentasi d. Pengelolaan Material Pembangkit AAT - Pengelolaan Material - Kolam Pengendap Sedimen 3 Revegetasi a. Luas penanaman b. Persentase tumbuh c. Jumlah tanaman d. Komposisi jenis - Tanaman fast growing - Tanaman lokal e. Kesehatan tanaman f. Penutupan tajuk g. Pemeliharaan

PerMenHut No. 60 Tahun 2009 Standar keberhasilan

M

TM

PerMenESDM N0. 07 Tahun 2014 Standar keberhasilan

M

TM

Keterangan

> 80% > 80% longsor (< 5%)

sesuai rencana sesuai rencana

sesuai document sesuai document

tidak ada longsoran

presentase kejadian longsor

> 80% -

-

> 75% > 5-6

sesuai document sesuai analisis tanah

-

tidak terjadi erosi sesuai rencana tidak terjadi erosi sesuai rencana kualitas air sesuai BML

Saluran drainase, checkdam, beronjong, turap, dll. (Kesesuaian dalam jumlah dan spesifikasi) & fungsi sesuai document persentase luas erosi sesuai document pH, TSS, Al, Fe, Mn

≥ 90% sesuai document berfungsi > 80% erosi ≤ 5% -

-

-

> 80 % > 80 % ≥ 625 phn/Ha jenis lokal ≥ 40% > 80 % -

-

-

-

-

> 80 % > 80% sesuai document Tanaman lokal ≥ 40% sesuai rencana sesuai rencana > 80% > 80%

-

-

-

sesuai kebutuhan

-

-

-

-

sesuai document secara sampling sesuai document sesuai document Model 1 {hanya Pioner (Lokal Potensial)} Model 2 {Pioneer dan Primer (lokal)} secara sampling secara sampling pemupukan ; pengendalian gulma, hama&penyakit ; penyulaman

Planning Consideration  Land conditions (derelict)  Status of forest function (Forestry or APL )

 Government regulations (Revegetation Planning, Guide line, Criteria)

 Post mining land use (multi stakeholde, AMDAL)

 Planting strategies

Setiadi.Yadi. 2012

FIELD SURVEY Trees species selection and propagation • Suitable, potential local species, regulasi

Soil amendments • Balance nutrients, improve CEC, Bioorganic, control toxic

Nursery and Planting stock

Land-reconstruction and site preparation

• Planting size, seedling quality, compacted and activated root

• Land stabilization, leveling , top soiling, and prevent erosion,

Planting techniques

Maintenance • Re-panting, refertilizer, weeding, Lateral root manipulation

• Timing , root ball position • Planting

Model

Monitoring and Evaluation • Schedule, data collection, reporting, frequency and improvement • Practical-Guideline and SOP

Setiadi.Yadi. 2012

01) Species Selection  Complying Regulation • Composition : Shaded trees, Main tress, MPTS, Conservation tress and endanger (protected tress)

 Planting Design • To minimize the competition effect • To arrange for beauty performance

 Adapted on soil and environmental Conditions • Approved can be survive on certain condition

 The planting stocks • The number of species are available • Seedling planting stock available

02) Nursery, Seedling Quality and Transportation  Nursery conditions affected on seedling quality : • Light intensity • Temperature , Humidity, and air circulation • Water quality

 Seedling quality • Medium composition • Healthy performance • Root ball compaction

 Seedling Transportation • Transfer from nursery to field • Seedling placement in the field • Planting operation

Nursery 03) Potential Gully Erosion and Exposed OB

Potential Impact :  Exposed OB and Generated AMD  Physically destroying plants

Control gully erosion : • Filled up top soil • Establish trenching • Planting LCC

Nursery 04). Soil Compaction and Water Log

   

Content silt and clay Water permeability Root not well develop Tress performance :  Yellowish, stagnant

 Solution :    

Pre-soil analysis Vertical ripping, LRM (Lateral Root Manipulation) Select adaptive species

05)Top Soiling Problems  Top soil thickness <10cm

 Soil compacted  Eroded • Accelerate gully development • Exposed to compacted clay and toxic materials • Plant performances – – – –

Stagnant Dying Costly for repairing Can not meet standard

Nursery

06) Over Shaded Condition

 Effect over shaded :  Main tress meranti are dying  Condition is not condusive for natural colonization  Lack for biodiversity development

 Improvement :  Improve light condition by teres treaments

5) Better Shading Condition for Shorea

6) Species Selection  Complying Regulation • Composition : Shaded trees, Main tress, MPTS, Conservation tress and endanger (protected tress)

 Planting Design • To minimize the competition effect • To arrange for beauty performance

 Adapted on soil and environmental Conditions • Approved can be survive on certain condition

 The planting stocks • The number of species are available • Seedling planting stock available

8) Soil Problems

 Soil compaction  Water log  Low in pH and Soil toxic • (Al and Phyrite)

 Lack of soil macro and micro  Un-balance nutrients ( Ca and Mg)

9) Planting Operation and Maitenance  Seedling transportation • Sources of plant failure • Temporary seedling nurse

 Planting operation • Ensure seedling healthy • Step Planting operation – Planting hole – Based fertilizer – Planting – Maintenance

10) Tress Maintenance and Monitoring  Maintenance • • • •

Re-planting Weeding Fertilizer Pest-control

 Monitoring • Evaluate plant survival • Evaluate plant performance

 Thank you !!

PT. Akar Langitbumi Cyber 2 Tower, 18th Floor JL.H.R Rasuna Said Blok x-5 kav 13 Jakarta 12950 Indonesia EMAIL : [email protected] Phone : +62-2170521925, 08111102302

T Good and Responsible Mine Closure