RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI TRACKING IMAGES UKIRAN BALI DENGAN METODE ORB BERBASIS ANDROID TUGAS AKHIR Diajukan Guna Memenuhi Sebagai Persyaratan Dalam Rangka Menyelesaikan Pendidikan Sarjana Strata Satu (S1) Jurusan Teknologi Informasi
I GUSTI LANANG TRISNA SUMANTARA NIM: 1204505068
JURUSAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA 2016
RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI TRACKING IMAGES UKIRAN BALI DENGAN METODE ORB BERBASIS ANDROID TUGAS AKHIR Diajukan Guna Memenuhi Sebagai Persyaratan Dalam Rangka Menyelesaikan Pendidikan Sarjana Strata Satu (S1) Jurusan Teknologi Informasi
I GUSTI LANANG TRISNA SUMANTARA NIM: 1204505068
JURUSAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA 2016
PERNYATAAN
Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa dalam Tugas Akhir ini tidak terdapat karya yang pernah diajukan untuk memperoleh gelar kesarjanaan di perguruan tinggi lain, dan sepanjang pengetahuan saya tidak terdapat karya atau pendapat yang pernah ditulis atau diterbitkan oleh orang lain, kecuali yang secara tertulis diacu dalam naskah ini dan disebutkan pada daftar pustaka.
Badung, Juni 2016
I Gusti Lanang Trisna Sumantara
iii
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kehadapan Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa/Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, karena atas Asung Kerta Wara Nugraha-Nya, akhirnya penulis dapat menyelesaikan Tugas Akhir yang berjudul “Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Tracking Images Terhadap Seni Ukir Bali dengan Metode ORB Berbasis Android” ini disusun sebagai syarat untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan menyelesaikan Program Sarjana S1 pada Program Studi Teknologi Informasi Universitas Udayana. Dalam penyusunan tugas akhir ini, penulis mendapatkan petunjuk dan bimbingan dari berbagai pihak. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut pada kesempatan ini penulis menyampaikan ucapan terimakasih kepada: 1.
Bapak Prof. Ir. Ngakan Putu Gede Suardana, M.T., Ph.D. selaku Dekan Fakultas Teknik Universitas Udayana.
2.
Bapak Dr. Eng. I Putu Agung Bayupati, S.T., M.T. selaku Ketua Jurusan Teknologi Informasi Universitas Udayana yang sekaligus menjadi dosen pembimbing I yang telah banyak memberikan bimbingan dan masukan dalam penyusunan tugas akhir ini.
3.
Ibu Ni Made Ika Marini Mandenni, S.T., M.Kom. selaku dosen pembimbing akademik, yang telah memberikan bimbingan selama menempuh pendidikan di Jurusan Teknologi Informasi Fakultas Teknik Universitas Udayana.
4.
Ibu Ni Kadek Ayu Wirdiani, S.T., M.T., selaku dosen pembimbing II, yang telah memberikan petunjuk dan bimbingan selama penyusunan Tugas Akhir ini.
5.
Segenap dosen pengajar di Jurusan Teknologi Informasi Fakultas Teknik Universitas Udayana.
6.
Seluruh pegawai di Jurusan Teknologi Informasi Fakultas Teknik Universitas Udayana yang telah membantu selama proses perkulihaan khususnya dalam pengurusan segala administrasi.
vi
7.
Kedua orang tua, kakak, dan semua keluarga saya yang selalu mendukung dan memberikan motivasi dalam penyusunan tugas akhir ini.
8.
Keluarga besar civitas akademika Jurusan Teknologi Informasi yang tidak bisa disebutkan namanya satu per satu yang telah banyak memberikan motivasi, masukan, dan saran dalam penyusunan tugas akhir ini. Penulis menyadari bahwa tugas akhir ini masih jauh dari sempurna, maka
dari itu penulis sangat berharap kritik dan saran yang membangun. Akhir kata penulis memohon maaf jika ada kesalahan dalam penulisan tugas akhir ini.
Badung, Juni 2016
Penulis,
vii
ABSTRAK
Ukiran Bali merupakan salah satu seni budaya yang ada di Bali dan memiliki bermacam jenis dalam penerapannya. Informasi yang minim mengenai ukiran mengakibatkan masyarakat kurang mengetahui jenis ukiran Bali. Informasi yang kurang mengenai ukiran Bali dapat diatasi dengan memanfaatkan kemajuan teknologi dibidang pengolahan citra, yakni untuk membangun aplikasi yang mampu mengenali ukiran Bali. Aplikasi yang dibangun merupakan aplikasi mobile yang dapat digunakan pada smartphone dengan sistem operasi Android. Metode yang diterapkan yakni metode Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF (ORB) yang mampu mengenali citra ukiran Bali berdasarkan fitur keypoints. Pencocokan citra ukiran menggunakan metode Bruteforce Hamming Distance untuk menemukan kemiripan antar fitur citra ukiran sehingga mampu dikenali dan di-tracking. Hasil akurasi dari penelitian proses tracking dan pengenalan ukiran Bali dengan metode ORB mencapai persentase 95% ukiran Bali dikenali dan 5% tidak dikenali, sedangkan pengenalan terhadap citra ukiran Bali yang tidak terdaftar mengalami penurunan menjadi 48% citra ukiran dikenali benar dan 52% citra ukiran dikenali salah, jadi metode ORB berjalan cukup baik dalam tracking dan mengenali ukiran. Kata Kunci : Ukiran Bali, Tracking, Android, ORB, Bruteforce Hamming
viii
ABSTRACT
Balinese carving is one of the arts and culture in Bali and have various types in its application. The lack of information resulted in people do not really know the kinds of Balinese carving. Lack of information about Balinese carvings can be solved by utilizing advances in information technology in image processing, which is to make application that can recognize Balinese carvings. Applications that made is a mobile application that can be used on smartphones with Android operating system. The method that applied is Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF (ORB) that able to recognize the image of Bali carving based on the features keypoints. Carved image matching using Bruteforce Hamming Distance to find the similarity between features carved images so that they can be identified and be tracking. The results of the accuracy of the research process of tracking and recognition Balinese carving method ORB reaches the percentage of 95% Balinese carvings recognizable and 5% are not recognized, while the introduction of the image of the Balinese carvings unregistered decreased to 48% image carving was recognized correctly and 52% image engraving recognized one, so the method ORB run quite well in tracking and recognizing engraving. Keywords: Balinese Carving, Tracking, Android, ORB, Bruteforce Hamming
ix
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN SAMPUL ................................................................................... i HALAMAN JUDUL ...................................................................................... ii LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ........................................................................... iii LEMBAR PENGESAHAN TUGAS AKHIR .............................................. iv BERITA ACARA TUGAS AKHIR .............................................................. v KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................... vi ABSTRAK ..................................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... ix DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................. x DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................... xiii DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... xv DAFTAR KODE PROGRAM ...................................................................... xvi DAFTAR RUMUS ......................................................................................... xvii BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang .......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ..................................................................................... 2 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................................................... 3 1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ..................................................................................... 3 1.5 Batasan Masalah......................................................................................... 3 1.6 Sistematika Penulisan ............................................................................... 4 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ................................................................... 5 2.1 State of the Art ........................................................................................... 5 2.2 Citra (Image) .............................................................................................. 7 2.2.1 Citra Digital ..................................................................................... 8 2.3 Pembentukan Citra Digital ......................................................................... 9 2.3.1 Akusisi Citra .................................................................................... 9 2.3.2 Sampling........................................................................................... 9 2.3.3 Kuantisasi ......................................................................................... 10 2.4 Pixel............................................................................................................ 10 2.4.1 Resolusi Pixel................................................................................... 10 2.5 Jenis Citra ................................................................................................... 10 2.5.1 Citra Biner ........................................................................................ 10 2.5.2 Citra Grayscale ................................................................................ 11 2.5.3 Citra Warna (8 bit) ........................................................................... 11 2.5.4 Citra Warna (16 bit) ......................................................................... 11 2.5.5 Citra Warna (24 bit) ......................................................................... 12 2.5.6 Citra RGB ........................................................................................ 12 2.6 Computer Vision ........................................................................................ 12 2.6.1 Elemen-Elemen Computer Vision .................................................... 13 2.7 Logika XOR ............................................................................................... 14 2.8 Tracking dan Pengenalan Objek ................................................................ 15 2.9 OpenCV ..................................................................................................... 16
x
2.9.1 OpenCV pada Android ..................................................................... 17 2.9.2 ORB ................................................................................................. 17 2.9.3 Brute-Force Hamming ..................................................................... 20 2.10 Seni Ukir Bali........................................................................................... 21 2.10.1 Pepatran.......................................................................................... 21 2.10.2 Kekarangan .................................................................................... 25 2.10.3 Keketusan ....................................................................................... 30 BAB III METODE DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM .............................. 32 3.1 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian .................................................................... 32 3.2 Data ............................................................................................................ 32 3.2.1 Sumber Data ..................................................................................... 32 3.2.2 Jenis Data ......................................................................................... 32 3.3 Populasi dan Sample .................................................................................. 33 3.3.1 Populasi ............................................................................................ 33 3.3.2 Sample .............................................................................................. 33 3.4 Materi dan Jalan Penelitian ........................................................................ 34 3.4.1 Materi Penelitian .............................................................................. 34 3.4.2 Alat Penelitian .................................................................................. 34 3.4.3 Alat Pengujian .................................................................................. 35 3.4.4 Alur Penelitian ................................................................................. 35 3.5 Perancangan Sistem ................................................................................... 36 3.5.1 Gambaran Umum Sistem ................................................................. 36 3.5.2 Gambaran Umum Pendaftaran ......................................................... 37 3.5.3 Gambaran Umum Tracking ............................................................ 39 3.5.4 Akuisisi Citra ................................................................................... 41 3.5.3 Preprocessing .................................................................................. 41 3.5.4 ORB Feature Extraction .................................................................. 42 3.5.5 Pencocokan ...................................................................................... 42 3.5.6 Find Scene Corners .......................................................................... 43 3.6 Teknik Pengujian ....................................................................................... 44 3.6.1 Pengujian Minimal Match Distance ................................................. 44 3.6.2 Pengujian Rotasi Invariant ............................................................... 45 3.7 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) ....................................................................... 45 3.7.1 Diagram Jenjang (Hierarchy Chart) ................................................ 46 3.7.2 DFD Level 0 .................................................................................... 47 3.7.3 DFD Level 1 Pendaftaran Citra Referensi ....................................... 48 3.7.4 DFD Level 1 Tracking ..................................................................... 49 3.8 Algoritma Pemrograman ............................................................................ 50 3.8.1 Flowchart Pendaftaran Citra Referensi ........................................... 50 3.8.2 Flowchart Tracking ......................................................................... 52 BAB IV PEMBAHASAN DAN ANALISIS HASIL.................................... 53 4.1 Instalasi OpenCV ....................................................................................... 53 4.2 Pengujian Sistem ........................................................................................ 54 4.2.1 Pengujian Interface Aplikasi ............................................................ 54 4.3 Analisis Sistem ........................................................................................... 58 4.3.1 Analisis Citra Referensi ................................................................... 58
xi
4.3.2 Analisis Keypoints............................................................................ 60 4.3.3 Analisis Threshold Match Distance ................................................. 61 4.3.4 Analisis Rotasi Invariant.................................................................. 69 4.3.5 Analisis Pengujian ............................................................................ 71 4.3.6 Analisis Pengenalan Citra Tidak Terdaftar ...................................... 77 4.4 Analisis Kelayakan Sistem ......................................................................... 80 4.5 Analisis Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Sistem .............................................. 80 BAB V PENUTUP .......................................................................................... 82 5.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................................ 82 5.2 Saran........................................................................................................... 83 DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................... 84
xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Struktur Computer Vision Secara Umum ..................................... 13 Gambar 2.2 Contoh Penerapan Feature Tracking ........................................... 15 Gambar 2.3 Penerapan Feature Tracking ........................................................ 16 Gambar 2.4 Contoh Hasil Pencocokan Menggunakan ORB ........................... 18 Gambar 2.5 Patra Punggel................................................................................ 22 Gambar 2.6 Patra Sari ...................................................................................... 23 Gambar 2.7 Patra Ulanda ................................................................................. 23 Gambar 2.8 Patra Samblung ............................................................................ 24 Gambar 2.9 Patra Cina ..................................................................................... 24 Gambar 2.10 Karang Gajah.............................................................................. 26 Gambar 2.11 Karang Boma.............................................................................. 26 Gambar 2.12 Karang Daun .............................................................................. 27 Gambar 2.13 Karang Guak .............................................................................. 28 Gambar 2.14 Karang Tapel .............................................................................. 28 Gambar 2.15 Keketusan Karang Mata ............................................................. 29 Gambar 2.16 Keketusan Kakul-kakulan .......................................................... 30 Gambar 2.17 Keketusan Kuta Temesir ............................................................ 31 Gambar 3.1 Contoh Sample Citra Referensi .................................................... 34 Gambar 3.2 Gambaran Umum Aplikasi........................................................... 37 Gambar 3.3 Gambaran Umum Pendaftaran Ukiran Bali ................................. 38 Gambar 3.4 Gambaran Umum Sistem Tracking Ukiran Bali .......................... 39 Gambar 3.5 Proses Konversi Citra Warna Ke Citra Grayscale ....................... 41 Gambar 3.6 Proses Deteksi Keypoint ............................................................... 42 Gambar 3.7 Ilustrasi Homography ................................................................... 43 Gambar 3.8 Contoh Convex dan Concave Polygon ......................................... 44 Gambar 3.9 Diagram Konteks Aplikasi Tracking Images Ukiran Bali ........... 45 Gambar 3.10 Hierarchy Chart Aplikasi Tracking Images Ukiran Bali ........... 46 Gambar 3.11 DFD Level 0 ............................................................................... 47 Gambar 3.12 DFD Level 1 Pendaftaran Citra Referensi ................................. 48 Gambar 3.13 DFD Level 1 Tracking ............................................................... 49 Gambar 3.14 Pendaftaran Citra Referensi ....................................................... 51 Gambar 3.15 Flowchart Tracking .................................................................... 52 Gambar 4.1 Tampilan Splash Screen ............................................................... 51 Gambar 4.2 Tampilan Halaman Utama ........................................................... 56 Gambar 4.3 Tampilan Tracking Images Ukiran .............................................. 56 Gambar 4.4 About ............................................................................................ 57 Gambar 4.5 Exit ............................................................................................... 58 Gambar 4.6 Hasil Threshold Match Distance .................................................. 67 Gambar 4.7 Hasil Ukiran Tidak Tedeteksi ...................................................... 71 Gambar 4.8 Hasil Tracking Ukiran Karang Gajah........................................... 72 Gambar 4.9 Hasil Tracking Ukiran Karang Tapel ........................................... 72 Gambar 4.10 Hasil Tracking Ukiran Patra Kakul ............................................ 73 xiii
Gambar 4.11 Hasil Tracking Ukiran Karang Boma ........................................ 73 Gambar 4.12 Hasil Tracking Ukiran Karang Guak ......................................... 74 Gambar 4.13 Hasil Tracking Ukiran Patra Sari ............................................... 74 Gambar 4.14 Tampilan Tracking Sebelum Rotasi ........................................... 75 Gambar 4.15 Hasil Tracking Rotasi 90° .......................................................... 76 Gambar 4.16 Hasil Tracking Rotasi 180° ........................................................ 76 Gambar 4.17 Hasil Tracking Rotasi 270° ........................................................ 77
xiv
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Tabel Kebenaran Operator XOR...................................................... 14 Tabel 4.1 Citra Referensi ................................................................................. 59 Tabel 4.2 Hasil Keypoints ................................................................................ 60 Tabel 4.3 Threshold Hasil Pengujian dengan Nilai: 20.0- 40.0 ....................... 62 Tabel 4.4 Threshold Hasil Pengujian dengan Nilai: 40.0- 60.0 ....................... 63 Tabel 4.5 Threshold Hasil Pengujian dengan Nilai: 60.0- 80.0 ....................... 65 Tabel 4.6 Hasil Komparasi............................................................................... 69 Tabel 4.7.Uji Coba Rotasi Invariant ................................................................ 70 Tabel 4.8 Uji Coba Pengenalan Citra Tidak Terdaftar .................................... 78
xv
DAFTAR KODE PROGRAM
Kode Program 4.1 Menghubungkan Aplikasi dengan Library OpenCV......... 53
xvi
DAFTAR RUMUS
Rumus 2.1 Konversi Warna Grayscale............................................................ 11 Rumus 2.2 Moment Patch Rosin ...................................................................... 19 Rumus 2.3 Centroid ......................................................................................... 19 Rumus 2.4 Orientasi Patch .............................................................................. 19 Rumus 2.5 Binary Tes τ ................................................................................... 20 Rumus 2.6 Fitur f ........................................................................................... 20
xvii
