RABBANI MUSLIMAH CENTER (ARSITEKTUR METAFORA)
LAPORAN PERANCANGAN TKA 490-STUDIO TUGAS AKHIR SEMESTER B TAHUN AJARAN 2012/2013 Sebagai Persyaratan Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur
Oleh RABITA AKBARI SITOMPUL 080406040
DEPARTEMEN ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2013
Universitas Sumatera Utara
RABBANI MUSLIMAH CENTER (ARSITEKTUR METAFORA)
LAPORAN PERANCANGAN TKA 490-STUDIO TUGAS AKHIR SEMESTER B TAHUN AJARAN 2012/2013 Sebagai Persyaratan Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur
Oleh RABITA AKBARI SITOMPUL 080406040
DEPARTEMEN ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2013
Universitas Sumatera Utara
RABBANI MUSLIMAH CENTER (ARSITEKTUR METAFORA)
Oleh RABITA AKBARI SITOMPUL 080406040 Medan, Disetujui Oleh :
Pembimbing I
Pembimbing II
Wahyuni Zahrah ST, MS
Ir. Dwi Lindarto H, MT
NIP. 197308192000042001
NIP. 196307161998021001
Ketua Departemen Arsitektur
Ir. N. Vinky Rahman, MT NIP. 196606221997021001
Universitas Sumatera Utara
SURAT HASIL PENILAIAN PROYEK AKHIR (SHP2A) Nama
: Rabita Akbari Sitompul
NIM
: 080406040
Judul Proyek Akhir
: Rabbani Muslimah Center
Tema Proyek Akhir
: Arsitektur Metafora
Rekapitulasi Nilai
:
Nilai
A
B+
B
C+
C
D
E
Dengan ini mahasiswa bersangkutan dinyatakan : No
1
STATUS
Waktu
Paraf
Paraf
Koordinator
Pengumpulan
Pembimbing
Pembimbing
TKA-490
Laporan
I
II
LULUS LANGSUNG
2
LULUS MELENGKAPI
3
PERBAIKAN TANPA SIDANG
4
PERBAIKAN DENGAN SIDANG
5
TIDAK LULUS
Medan, Oktober 2013
Ketua Departemen Arsitektur
Koordinator TKA-490
Ir. N. Vinky Rahman, MT
Ir. Basaria Talarosha, MT
NIP. 196606221997021001
NIP. 19650109195012001
Universitas Sumatera Utara
KATA PENGANTAR
Alhamdulillah, puji dan syukur saya panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, karena berkat rahmat dan karunia-Nya
saya dapat menyelesaikan seluruh proses
penyusunan Laporan Tugas Akhir ini sebagai persyaratan untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur, Departemen Arsitektur Universitas Sumatera Utara. Selama proses hingga selesainya laporan ini, penulis tidak terlepas dari berbagai pihak yang turut andil dalam menyukseskannya. Oleh sebab itu, pada kesempatan ini, penulis ingin menyampaikan rasa terima kasih yang sebesarbesarnya kepada : o
Ibu Wahyuni Zahrah ST, MS sebagai Dosen Pembimbing I atas bimbingan, dukungan dan semangat yang sangat berarti dan selalu memberikan motivasi dari awal hingga akhir.
o
Bapak Ir. Dwi Lindarto H, MT selaku Dosen Pembimbing II yang telah memberikan bimbingan dan arahan kepada penulis.
o
Bapak Prof. Ir. M.Nawawiy Loebis, M.Phil. Ph.D selaku dosen penguji yang telah banyak memberikan masukan, saran, dan kritik.
o
Kedua orangtua saya, kakak dan adik atas dukungannya.
o
Teman-teman stambuk 2008 Arsitektur USU. Terutama Wenny, Marlina, Rizka dan Yudha yang telah membantu persiapan tugas akhir. Juga kepada Kak Ayu dan Kak Dewi yang selalu mendengarkan dan memberi saran.
Penulis menyadari bahwa laporan ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan. Oleh sebab itu, kritik dan saran yang sifatnya membangun sangat diharapkan untuk kelengkapan dan terwujudnya kesempurnaan sebagaimana dimaksud. Akhir kata, Penulis mengharapkan saran dan kritik yang membangun demi kesempurnaan penulisan laporan ini. Semoga laporan ini dapat bermanfaat bagi kita semua khususnya di lingkungan Departemen Arsitektur USU.
Medan, Oktober 2013
Penulis
i
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR ISI Kata Pengantar .................................................................................................
i
Daftar Isi ...........................................................................................................
ii
Daftar Gambar .................................................................................................
vi
Daftar Tabel .....................................................................................................
x
Abstrak ..............................................................................................................
xi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .....................................................................................
1
1.1.
Latar Belakang ......................................................................................
1
1.2.
Maksud dan Tujuan ...............................................................................
7
1.3.
Masalah Perancangan ...........................................................................
8
1.4.
Pendekatan ..........................................................................................
8
1.5.
Batasan dan Lingkup Perencanaan .......................................................
9
1.6.
Asumsi-Asumsi ......................................................................................
9
1.7.
Kerangka Berpikir ..................................................................................
10
1.8.
Sistematika Laporan ..............................................................................
11
BAB II DESKRIPSI PROYEK ............................................................................
12
2.1. Terminologi Judul .......................................................................................
12
2.1.1. Arti Kata............................................................................................
12
2.1.2. Pengertian ........................................................................................
13
2.2. Sejarah Rabbani.........................................................................................
13
2.2.1. Sejarah Perusahaan .........................................................................
13
2.2.2. Visi dan Misi Perusahaan .................................................................
15
2.2.3. Struktur Organisasi Perusahaan .......................................................
16
2.2.4. Deskripsi Tugas ................................................................................
17
2.3. Deskripsi Umum Proyek .............................................................................
18
2.4. Lokasi ........................................................................................................
18
2.4.1. Kriteria Pemilihan Lokasi ..................................................................
18
2.4.2. Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi ..................................................................
22
2.4.3. Penilaian Alternatif Lokasi.................................................................
24
2.5. Tinjauan Fungsi ..........................................................................................
26
2.5.1. Deskripsi Pengguna..........................................................................
26
2.5.2. Deskripsi Perilaku .............................................................................
27
2.5.3. Deskripsi Kegiatan dan Kebutuhan Ruang .......................................
28
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2.6. Studi Banding Proyek Sejenis ....................................................................
31
2.6.1. Prada Building, Tokyo, Japan ...........................................................
31
2.6.2. Chanel Tower, Ginza, Japan ............................................................
34
2.6.3. LVMH Tower, USA ...........................................................................
36
2.6.4. The Foundation Louis Vuitton ...........................................................
38
2.6.5. Christian Dior Building, Tokyo, Japan ...............................................
42
2.6.6. Louis Vuitton, Tokyo, Japan..............................................................
43
2.6.7. Rabbani Rawamangun ....................................................................
44
2.6.8. Salma-Rumah Kecantikan dan Kebugaran Muslimah .......................
46
2.6.9. Moz5 Salon Muslimah ......................................................................
47
2.6.10. Kesimpulan .....................................................................................
47
BAB III ELABORASI TEMA ...............................................................................
48
1.1.
Pengertian .............................................................................................
48
1.1.1. Pengertian Arsitektur ...................................................................
48
1.1.2. Pengertian Metafora ....................................................................
49
1.1.3. Pengertian Arsitektur Metafora.....................................................
51
1.2.
Interpretasi Tema Terhadap Proyek.......................................................
54
1.3.
Studi Banding Tema Sejenis ..................................................................
54
1.3.1. Museum of Fruit, Yamanashi, Japan ..........................................
54
1.3.2. Notre Dame du Haut-Le Corbusier .............................................
57
1.3.3. The Dancing House – Frank O. Gehry........................................
60
1.3.4. Kesimpulan.................................................................................
62
BAB IV ANALISA PERANCANGAN ..................................................................
63
4.1. Pengantar...................................................................................................
63
4.2. Analisa Fisik Tapak ....................................................................................
63
4.2.1. Analisa Lokasi ..................................................................................
63
4.2.1.1. Gambaran Umum Kota Medan ......................................................
64
4.2.2. Kondisi Eksisting Lahan ....................................................................
65
4.2.3. Lokasi Tapak Dalam Lingkungan Kawasan ......................................
65
4.2.4. Tata Guna Lahan Kawasan dan Sekitarnya ......................................
66
4.2.5. Batas-Batas Site ...............................................................................
67
4.3. Analisa Potensi dan Kondisi Site ................................................................
68
4.3.1. Analisa Sirkulasi ...............................................................................
68
4.3.2. Analisa Pencapaian ..........................................................................
70
iii Universitas Sumatera Utara
4.3.3. Analisa View .....................................................................................
71
4.3.3.1. View Keluar ...................................................................................
71
4.3.3.2. View Kedalam ...............................................................................
72
4.3.4. Analisa Iklim .....................................................................................
73
4.3.5. Analisa Vegetasi ...............................................................................
74
4.3.6. Analisa Kebisingan ..........................................................................
75
4.3.7. Analisa Utilitas ..................................................................................
75
4.3.8. Analisa Drainase ..............................................................................
76
4.4. Analisa Non Fisik........................................................................................
77
4.4.1. Analisa Kegiatan...............................................................................
77
4.4.2. Analisa Jumlah Pengunjung .............................................................
82
4.4.3. Besaran Ruang ................................................................................
84
a) Besaran Ruang Dalam .................................................................
84
b) Besaran Ruang Luar ....................................................................
89
4.4.4. Analisa Bentuk Massa Bangunan .....................................................
89
4.4.5. Sirkulasi ............................................................................................
90
4.4.6. Analisa Struktur ................................................................................
92
4.4.7. Analisa Utilitas ..................................................................................
94
BAB V KONSEP ............................................................................................... 101 5.1.Konsep Perancangan Tapak ....................................................................... 101 5.1.1.Konsep Sirkulasi Ruang Luar ............................................................ 101 5.1.2.Konsep Ruang Luar ........................................................................... 101 5.1.3. Konsep Ruang Dalam ...................................................................... 102 5.1.Konsep Perancangan Tapak ....................................................................... 105 BAB VI Hasil Perancangan ............................................................................... 109 6.1. Site Plan .................................................................................................... 109 6.2. Ground Plan .............................................................................................. 110 6.3. Tampak Tapak .......................................................................................... 111 6.4. Potongan Tapak ........................................................................................ 112 6.5. Denah Lantai 2 .......................................................................................... 113 6.6. Denah Lantai 3-5 ....................................................................................... 114 6.7. Denah Lantai 6-7 ....................................................................................... 115 6.8. Denah Basement ....................................................................................... 116 6.9. Tampak Massa A ...................................................................................... 117
iv Universitas Sumatera Utara
6.10. Tampak Massa B dan Mesjid .................................................................. 118 6.11. Potongan ................................................................................................. 119 6.12. Rencana Pondasi .................................................................................... 120 6.13. Rencana Pembalokan Basement ............................................................ 121 6.14. Rencana Pembalokan Lantai 1 ................................................................ 122 6.15. Rencana Pembalokan Lantai 3-5 ............................................................. 123 6.16. Rencana Pembalokan Lantai 6 dan Rencana Atap ................................. 124 6.17. Rencana Elektrikal Basement .................................................................. 125 6.18. Rencana Elektrikal Lantai 1-2 .................................................................. 126 6.19. Rencana Elektrikal Lantai 3-5 .................................................................. 127 6.20. Rencana Elektrikal Lantai 6-7 .................................................................. 128 6.21. Rencana Plumbing Basement ................................................................. 129 6.22. Rencana Plumbing Lantai 1-2 ................................................................. 130 6.23. Rencana Plumbing Lantai 3-5 ................................................................. 131 6.24. Rencana Plumbing Lantai 6-7 ................................................................. 132 6.25. Rencana AC Basement ........................................................................... 133 6.26. Rencana AC Lantai 1-2 ........................................................................... 134 6.27. Rencana AC Lantai 3-5 ........................................................................... 135 6.28. Rencana AC Lantai 6-7 ........................................................................... 136 6.29. Rencana Fire Protection Basement ......................................................... 137 6.30. Rencana Fire Protection Lantai 1-2 ......................................................... 138 6.31. Rencana Fire Protection Lantai 3-5 ......................................................... 139 6.32. Rencana Fire Protection Lantai 6-7 ......................................................... 140 6.33. Detail ....................................................................................................... 143 6.34. Perspektif ................................................................................................ 146 6.35. Maket ...................................................................................................... 147 Daftar Pustaka ................................................................................................. xii
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1.1. Pola Persebaran Perumahan, Mesjid, Butik, Salon dan Fitness Muslimah di Kota Medan ..................................................
4
Gambar 1.2. Kerangka Berpikir .........................................................................
10
Gambar 2.1. Kawasan Perencanaan Kota Medan .............................................
21
Gambar 2.2. Alternatif Lokasi A .........................................................................
22
Gambar 2.3. Alternatif Lokasi B .........................................................................
23
Gambar 2.4. Alternatif Lokasi C.........................................................................
24
Gambar 2.5. Fasad Prada Building pada Siang Hari .........................................
32
Gambar 2.6. Fasad Prada Building pada Malam Hari........................................
32
Gambar 2.7.Interior Prada Building ...................................................................
32
Gambar 2.8. Detail Fasad .................................................................................
33
Gambar 2.9. Fasad yang Dibentuk oleh Struktur ...............................................
33
Gambar 2.10. Entrance .....................................................................................
33
Gambar 2.11. Beberapa Transformasi Fasad Chanel .......................................
34
Gambar 2.12. Detail Fasad ...............................................................................
35
Gambar 2.13. LVMH Tower ...............................................................................
36
Gambar 2.14. Konsep Desain LVMH Tower ......................................................
37
Gambar 2.15. Logo Dior pada LVMH Tower......................................................
38
Gambar 2.16. Fasad LVMH Tower ....................................................................
38
Gambar 2.17. The Foundation Louis Vuitton .....................................................
38
Gambar 2.18 Desain Konstruksi ........................................................................
39
Gambar 2.19. Proses Pengerjaan The Foundation Louis Vuitton ......................
40
Gambar 2.20. Tampilan 3D ...............................................................................
41
Gambar 2.21. Transformasi Fasad ....................................................................
42
Gambar 2.22. Detail Fasad ...............................................................................
42
Gambar 2.23. Fasad Bangunan ........................................................................
43
Gambar 2.24. Suasana Interior .........................................................................
43
Gambar 2.25. Fasad Rabbani Rawamangun.....................................................
44
Gambar 2.26. Rabbani Rawamangun ...............................................................
44
Gambar 2.27. Interior Musholla .........................................................................
44
Gambar 2.28. Detail Fasad ...............................................................................
45
Gambar 2.29. Denah .........................................................................................
45
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Gambar 2.30. Fasad Rumah Kecantikan Salma................................................
46
Gambar 2.31. Interior Salma .............................................................................
46
Gambar 2.32. Moz5 Bintaro ..............................................................................
47
Gambar 2.33. Moz5 Bogor ................................................................................
47
Gambar 3.1. Bird View Museum of Fruit ............................................................
54
Gambar 3.2. Site Plan .......................................................................................
54
Gambar 3.3.Sifat Buah dan Bibit Ditampilkan pada Museum Ini. ......................
55
Gambar 3.4. Combine Methapore pada Museum of Fruit ..................................
55
Gambar 3.5. Fasad Fruit Plaza dan Interiornya .................................................
56
Gambar 3.6. Display Museum of Fruit ...............................................................
57
Gambar 3.7. Notre Dame du Haut .....................................................................
57
Gambar 3.8. Tampak Utara ...............................................................................
58
Gambar 3.9. Tampak Selatan ...........................................................................
58
Gambar 3.10. Potongan Notre Dame du Haut ...................................................
58
Gambar 3.11. Berbagai Macam Interpretasi Terhadap Notre Dame du Haut.....
59
Gambar 3.12. Denah Notre Dame du Haut .......................................................
59
Gambar 3.13. Interior Notre Dame du Haut .......................................................
60
Gambar 3.14. The Dancing House ....................................................................
61
Gambar 3.15. Sketsa Ide...................................................................................
61
Gambar 3.16. Denah Nationale-Nederland Building (The Dancing House) .......
61
Gambar 4.1. (1) Peta Wilayah Indonesia (2) Peta Wilayah Sumatera (3) Peta Wilayah Medan (4) Peta Lokasi Site................................
63
Gambar 4.2. Tata Guna Lahan ..........................................................................
66
Gambar 4.3. Analisa Batas-Batas Tapak...........................................................
67
Gambar 4.4. Analisa Sirkulasi Kendaraan .........................................................
68
Gambar 4.5. Analisa Sirkulasi Pejalan Kaki .......................................................
69
Gambar 4.6. Analisa Pencapaian ......................................................................
70
Gambar 4.7. Analisa View Keluar ......................................................................
71
Gambar 4.8. Analisa View Kedalam ..................................................................
72
Gambar 4.9. Analisa Iklim .................................................................................
73
Gambar 4.10. Analisa Vegetasi .........................................................................
74
Gambar 4.11. Vegetasi Eksisting di Jl.Gagak Hitam..........................................
74
Gambar 4.12. Analisa Kebisingan .....................................................................
75
Gambar 4.13. Analisa Utilitas ............................................................................
75
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Gambar 4.14. Analisa Drainase.........................................................................
76
Gambar 4.15. Jalur Drainase di Jl.Gagak Hitam ................................................
76
Gambar 4.16. Sistem Elektrikal........................................................................... 100 Gambar 5.1. Entrance Tapak ............................................................................ 101 Gambar 5.2. Konsep Ruang Luar ...................................................................... 101 Gambar 5.3. Zoning Ruang Dalam Lantai 1 ...................................................... 102 Gambar 5.4. Zoning Ruang Dalam Lantai 2 ...................................................... 103 Gambar 5.5. Zoning Ruang Dalam Lantai 3 ...................................................... 103 Gambar 5.6. Zoning Ruang Dalam Lantai 4 ...................................................... 103 Gambar 5.7. Zoning Ruang Dalam Lantai 5 ...................................................... 104 Gambar 5.8. Zoning Ruang Dalam Lantai 6 ...................................................... 104 Gambar 5.9. Zoning Ruang Dalam Lantai 7 ...................................................... 104 Gambar 5.10. Zoning Ruang Dalam Lantai Basement ..................................... 105 Gambar 5.11. Metafora Mutiara pada Desain..................................................... 106 Gambar 5.12. Metafora 7 Tingkatan Jannah....................................................... 106 Gambar 5.13. Penerapan Sungai pada Tapak..................................................... 107 Gambar 5.14. Cluster Buah pada Tapak ............................................................. 107 Gambar 5.15. Green Wall pada Bangunan ......................................................... 108 Gambar 5.16. Gazebo pada Tapak .................................................................... 108 Gambar 6.1. Site Plan ...................................................................................... 109 Gambar 6.2. Ground Plan ................................................................................ 110 Gambar 6.3. Tampak Tapak ............................................................................. 111 Gambar 6.4. Potongan Tapak .......................................................................... 112 Gambar 6.5. Denah Lantai 2 ............................................................................ 113 Gambar 6.6. Denah Lantai 3-5 ......................................................................... 114 Gambar 6.7. Denah Lantai 6-7 ......................................................................... 115 Gambar 6.8. Denah Basement ......................................................................... 116 Gambar 6.9. Tampak Massa A ......................................................................... 117 Gambar 6.10. Tampak Massa B dan Mesjid ..................................................... 118 Gambar 6.11. Potongan ................................................................................... 119 Gambar 6.12. Rencana Pondasi ...................................................................... 120 Gambar 6.13. Rencana Pembalokan Basement ............................................... 121 Gambar 6.14. Rencana Pembalokan Lantai 1 .................................................. 122 Gambar 6.15. Rencana Pembalokan Lantai 3-5 ............................................... 123
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Gambar 6.16. Rencana Pembalokan Lantai 6 dan Rencana Atap .................... 124 Gambar 6.17. Rencana Elektrikal Basement .................................................... 125 Gambar 6.18. Rencana Elektrikal Lantai 1-2 .................................................... 126 Gambar 6.19. Rencana Elektrikal Lantai 3-5 .................................................... 127 Gambar 6.20. Rencana Elektrikal Lantai 6-7 .................................................... 128 Gambar 6.21. Rencana Plumbing Basement .................................................... 129 Gambar 6.22. Rencana Plumbing Lantai 1-2 .................................................... 130 Gambar 6.23. Rencana Plumbing Lantai 3-5 .................................................... 131 Gambar 6.24. Rencana Plumbing Lantai 6-7 .................................................... 132 Gambar 6.25. Rencana AC Basement ............................................................. 133 Gambar 6.26. Rencana AC Lantai 1-2 .............................................................. 134 Gambar 6.27. Rencana AC Lantai 3-5 .............................................................. 135 Gambar 6.28. Rencana AC Lantai 6-7 .............................................................. 136 Gambar 6.29. Rencana Fire Protection Basement ........................................... 137 Gambar 6.30. Rencana Fire Protection Lantai 1-2 ............................................ 138 Gambar 6.31. Rencana Fire Protection Lantai 3-5 ............................................ 139 Gambar 6.32. Rencana Fire Protection Lantai 6-7 ............................................ 140 Gambar 6.33. Detail ......................................................................................... 143 Gambar 6.34. Perspektif ................................................................................... 146 Gambar 6.35. Maket ......................................................................................... 147
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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 1.1. Jumlah Penduduk Kota Medan Menurut Kecamatan dan Jenis Kelamin Tahun 2010........................................................................
2
Tabel 1.2. Jumlah Penduduk Kota Medan Berdasarkan Agama Tahun 2010 ....
3
Tabel 1.3. Daftar Salon, Butik dan Fitness Muslimah di Kota Medan .................
5
Tabel 1.4. Tabel Penduduk Perempuan di Kota Medan Berdasarkan Umur Tahun 2010 ......................................................................................
5
Tabel 1.5. Hasil Survei Responden ...................................................................
6
Tabel 2.1. Struktur Organisasi Rabbani .............................................................
16
Tabel 2.2. Kriteria Lokasi ...................................................................................
18
Tabel 2.3. RUTRK Kota Medan .........................................................................
20
Tabel 2.4. Penilaian Alternatif Lokasi ................................................................
24
Tabel 2.5. Deskripsi Perilaku .............................................................................
27
Tabel 2.6. Kegiatan dan Kebutuhan Ruang .......................................................
28
Tabel 4.1. Analisa Pengguna dan Kegiatan .......................................................
77
Tabel 4.2. Data Jumlah Penduduk Kota Medan ...............................................
82
Tabel 4.3. Data Penduduk Perempuan di Kota Medan Umur 10-60 Tahun .......
82
Tabel 4.4. Kebutuhan dan Besaran Ruang Dalam ............................................
84
Tabel 4.5. Perbandingan Bentuk Dasar Bangunan ............................................
90
Tabel 4.6. Jenis Sirkulasi...................................................................................
91
Tabel 4.7. Tabel Struktur Bangunan ..................................................................
93
Tabel 4.8. Tabel Bahan Struktur ........................................................................
94
Tabel 4.9. Tinjauan Penggunaan Energi ...........................................................
95
Tabel 4.10. Tabel Pencegahan Aktif Kebakaran................................................
97
Tabel 4.11. Tabel Pencegahan Pasif Kebakaran ...............................................
97
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Abstract In recent years, muslim women in Indonesia experience rapid growth from all aspect such as education, culture, character, fashion and others. This development bring forth a lifestyle for paying attention to their beauty, fashion, health and social activities in their environment. However, this requirement has not been fully accommodated by existing facilities especially in Medan. The construction of Rabbani Muslimah Center is expected to be a space that can accommodate all the requirements of muslim women in Medan. With emphasize on the spiritual value, Rabbani Muslimah Center is a design project that uses the metaphor of jannah or paradise, so that muslim women in this building are like angel of heaven who love each other.
Keywords : Rabbani, Muslimah Center, Metaphor, Jannah, Paradise
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