PROTOTYPE
Lecture 13 FaridWajdi©2014
Definition • A model of the real product. • Prototype development begins with the release of completed parts, subassemblies,and assemblies to configuration management, and includes the following: – Procurement of material for the prototype product under development – Manufacture of prototype product(s) – Test and integration (hardware and software) of the prototype products – Special development tests (as required) – Development of the Acceptance Test Procedure (ATP)
Risks • The highly probable risk :changing designs toward development of a manufactured product, product components are not adequately described in detail and changes in design are not controlled by a separate risk management function. • The ultimate risk: the final product works, but is not documented cannot be described for purposes of manufacturing and assembly.
Prototype Development • Prototype development and design verification ensure that the design fully meets the design input requirements. • Production design is the design that will be used by production to create inventory and produce the market version of the product. • Verification is accomplished by: – testing and/or analyses, – design review process (where appropriate) wherein design concepts/approaches together with the actual end item, product, subsystem, and elemental level designs are progressively evaluated and approved.
Simulation • Selalu menggunakan model • Model dibagi dalam: – Jenis • Material > konkrit (mock-up, gambar) • konseptual (diagram, skema, model matematis) – Fungsi • experimen • simulasi perilaku model • Visualisasi
– Prinsip kerja
– Prinsip kerja: • Simulasi dengan model struktural – Visualisasi kualitatif struktur obyek/proses (sketsa, dummy, foto, mock-up, model skala, etc.)
• Simulasi dengan model icon (scale model) – Experimen dengan skala lebih kecil/besar (scale model instalasi kimia, akustik gedung konser, windturbine, etc.)
• Simulasi dengan model analog – Analogi model dari produk yang sesungguhnya, dengan syarat memiliki sifat yang sama (pemodelan arus panas dengan analogi model kelistrikan)
• Simulasi dengan model matematika – Pemodelan menggunakan matematika (perhitungan mekanika kekuatan material)
Simulasi NPD • Aspek simulasi: – Teknis (FMEA, CAD/CAE/CAM, ADAPS, DFA, Logistics analyse, scale-up production, sankey diagram, etc.) • Apakah produk bekerja sesuai yang direncanakan? • Apakah produk dapat dibuat dalam jumlah yang sesuai dengan biaya?
– Estetika/desain (interview/angket target group, form study dengan komputer) – Ekonomis (cost revenue analyse, npv, roi, etc.) • Perhitungan biaya • Forecasting, berapa banyak produksi dan harga pasar?
Simulasi NPD • Aspek simulasi: – Ergonomi (interaksi pengguna dan produk, data anthropometri, simulasi ADAPS, etc. • Kombinasi model manusia dan produk menghasilkan fungsi ergonomi sebuah produk
– Sosial Budaya (tanggungjawab etis produk terhadap tatanan sosial masyarakat) • • • • •
Produk: apakah produk dapat merusak moral masyarakat? Fabrikasi: apakah mengakibatkan efek samping? Sales: apakah metode penjualan etis? All: apakah ada hukum yang dilanggar? Perburuhan: apakah kondisi kerja ergonomis, higienis, etc.?
Manfaat Prototipe • • • •
Pembelajaran (prototipe analitik) Komunikasi (prototipe fisik) Pembelajaran & Komunikasi Milestone progress NPD
Prinsip Pembuatan Prototipe • Prototipe Analitik lebih fleksibel dibandingkan Prototipe Fisik • Prototipe Fisik dibuat untuk menemukan fenomena yang tidak terduga • Prototipe mengurangi iterasi NPD • Prototipe memperlancar proses NPD • Prototipe dapat merestrukturisasi ketergantungan tugas
Merencanakan Prototipe • • • •
Menetapkan tujuan prototipe Menentukan model prototipe konsep Membuat rencana experimen Membuat jadwal pengumpulan data, pembuatan dan pengujian
Teknologi Pembuatan Prototipe • Rapid prototyping/stereo lythography/3D printing – a group of techniques used to quickly fabricate a scale model of a part or assembly using three-dimensional computer aided design (CAD) data. – Rapid Prototyping has also been referred to as solid free-form manufacturing, computer automated manufacturing, and layered manufacturing.
Teknologi Pembuatan Prototipe • RP techniques that are currently commercially available, including Stereolithography (SLA), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS®), Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM™), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Solid Ground Curing (SGC), and Ink Jet printing techniques. • The reasons of Rapid Prototyping are – – – – –
To increase effective communication. To decrease development time. To decrease costly mistakes. To minimize sustaining engineering changes. To extend product lifetime by adding necessary features and eliminating redundant features early in the design.
Teknologi Pembuatan Prototipe
Teknologi Pembuatan Prototipe
