07/01/2013
Penggunaan Distribusi Normal • Penerapan data antropometri dapat dilakukan jika ada nilai mean (rata-rata) dan SD (standard deviasi) dari suatu distribusi normal • Persentil: suatu nilai yg menyatakan bahwa persentase tertentu dari sekelompok orang yang dimensinya sama atau lebih rendah dari nilai tersebut
Distribusi Normal & Perhitungan Persentil
Look at the range of height sizes
shortest
Average
tallest
1
07/01/2013
Most fit into the middle range
This can represented by a graph called a distribution curve... Number of people
Now look at how many people there are of each size
Height
The graph is divided into 100ths These are called Percentiles Number of people
Number of people
The graph represents 100% of the population
Height
This is the 50th Percentile
Height
2
07/01/2013
Average man belongs in the 50th Percentile
ukuran
Maksimum :
Number of people
90%, 95%,99% PERSENTIL Height
the 50th Percentile is the largest group of people
Penggunaan data antropometri
Minimum : 10%, 5%,1%
Contoh perhitungan persentil
• Desain untuk ukuran ekstrim (maksimum/ minimum) • Desain untuk ukuran yang disesuaikan • Desain untuk rata-rata pemakainya
3
07/01/2013
4
07/01/2013
Aplikasi Data Anthopometri Dalam Perancangan Produk / Fasilitas Prinsip Perancangan berdasarkan Ukuran Ekstrim Ukuran yang diaplikasikan ditetapkan dengan cara : • Untuk dimensi maksimum yang harus ditetapkan dari suatu rancangan produk umumnya didasarkan pada nilai percentile yang terbesar seperti 90-th,95-th atau 99-th percentile. Contohnya adalah pada penetapan ukuran lebar dan tinggi dari pintu. • Untuk dimensi minimum yang harus ditetapkan diambil berdasarkan nilai percentile yang paling rendah (1-th,5th,10-th percentile dari distribusi data antropometri yang ada. Contohnya adalah pada penetapan jarak jangkauan dari suatu mekanisme kontrol yang dioperasikan oleh operator.
Anthropometry in design It would not be possible to design a product that would suit everyone So Designers focus on people within the most common size range Designing for this range of sizes helps make sure products ‘fit’ as many people as possible
5
07/01/2013
Number of people
These people are in the range between the 5th and 95th percentiles
The seat is padded for comfort
The seat rotates to to reduce twisting of the body
The seat has 5 castors so that it won’t tip over
Height
Good Ergonomic design is based on Anthropometric Data
Q. How has this designer considered the user?
5th to 95th percentile is 90% of people
5th Percentile
Ergonomic Design
95th Percentile
The seat is shaped so the weight is supported evenly
The handle is easily accessible
The height adjusts to suit different desk heights
Ergonomic Design How do Anthropometrics affect Ergonomic design? Q. When designing a door who should we consider? A. The tallest people
6
07/01/2013
But if all doors were designed to suit the tallest person they would need to be over 2.75 metres high! That is a metre taller than the average man.
Robert Pershing Wadlow 8’11” was the tallest person the tallest living person is 8’9”
Ergonomic Design Lets look at another example where Anthropometrics affects design Q. When designing a supermarket who should we consider? A. The shortest people
So instead doors are made to suit people using the 95th Percentile for height. We ignore those above that height. 1870mm
Number of people
Ergonomic Design
People below the 95th Percentile Height
95th Percentile
Ergonomic Design The shelves in the supermarket need to be designed so that so that the shortest people can reach the items safely But the shortest person can only reach shelves 1.5 metres high This would mean that supermarkets would have to be almost twice as big to stock the same number of goods
7
07/01/2013
So instead the shelves are designed using the 5th Percentile for height. We ignore those below that height.
Number of people
1500mm
People above the 5th Percentile
5th Percentile
Lets look at one more example Q. When designing a chair who should we consider? A. The shortest and the Tallest people
Height
Ergonomic Design We will focus on one measurement. The height of the seat This is the called the Popliteal measurement
Ergonomic Design
Ergonomic Design The Popliteal is the height from the back of the knee to the floor when sitting If we design for the 5th Percentile the chair seat would be 380mm high
8
07/01/2013
If we design for the 95th Percentile the chair seat would be 470mm high To get the feel of this raise your feet of the ground… It is uncomfortable
In this instance the designer uses the 50th Percentile for Popliteal height. So the chair is comfortable for most people 425mm
Number of people
Ergonomic Design
50th Percentile
Example Consider the design of these products
Popliteal Height
Example Consider the design of this product
9
07/01/2013
Example Consider the design of this product
Example Consider the design of this product
Credits and websites Adultdata handbook of Adult Antropometric and Strength Measurements - DTI SCE Standard Grade Craft and Design Revision Notes - Simon Rhodes www.Openerg.com Open Ergonomics Loughborough Technology Centre www.dyson.com www.humanscale.com/index.cfm www.ergonomics.co.uk www.ikea.co.uk www.freefoto.com Produced by Jon Stembridge Lasswade High School Centre ©Midlothian Council Education 2003
10
