PENGARUH COMPETITIVE DYNAMICS TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PERUSAHAAN PADA STRATEGI IMITASI ATAU INOVASI SERTA KONSEKUENSINYA DALAM KINERJA PERUSAHAAN

ADLN - PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA

PENGARUH COMPETITIVE DYNAMICS TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PERUSAHAAN PADA STRATEGI IMITASI ATAU INOVASI SERTA KONSEKUENSINYA DALAM KINERJA PERUSAHAAN

TESIS Untuk Memenuhi Sebagian Persyaratan Mencapai Gelar Magister Pada Program Studi Magister Sains Manajemen

BIYAN PRADIPTA 041214153016

Program Studi Magister Sains Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Airlangga 2015 TESIS

PENGARUH COMPETITIVE DYNAMICS ...

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PENGARUH COMPETITIVE DYNAMICS TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PERUSAHAAN PADA STRATEGI IMITASI ATAU INOVASI SERTA KONSEKUENSINYA DALAM KINERJA PERUSAHAAN

TESIS Untuk Memenuhi Sebagian Persyaratan Mencapai Gelar Magister Pada Program Studi Magister Sains Manajemen

BIYAN PRADIPTA 041214153016

Program Studi Magister Sains Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Airlangga 2015 ii TESIS


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TESIS


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TESIS


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ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses pembelajaran perusahaan dalam melakukan strategi inovasi, imitasi, dan ambidextrous untuk menghadapi pesaingnya. Ketiga strategi tersebut dibentuk oleh Competitive Dynamics (Awareness, Motivation, dan Capability) (Chen, Su, & Tsai, 2007 dan Chen & Miller, 2012). Penelitian ini juga mengukur sejauh mana penggunaan strategi inovasi, imitasi, dan ambidextrous berdampak pada kinerja perusahaan. Peneliti menggunakan studi eksperimen dengan keseluruhan partisipan sebanyak 240 mahasiswa MM di Universitas Gajah Mada, Universitas Airlangga yang sedang bekerja untuk mendapatkan perspektif perusahaan, dan Mahasiswa S1 Universitas Airlangga yang telah mengikuti mata kuliah manajemen stratejik. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa Competitive Dynamics (Awareness, Motivation, dan Capability) tidak mempunyai pengaruh signifikan dalam membentuk strategi inovasi, imitasi, dan keduanya (Ambidextrous). Selain itu, kinerja perusahaan akan lebih baik jika menggunakan strategi ambidextrous dibandingkan inovasi atau imitasi.

Kata kunci: Inovasi, Imitasi, Ambidextrous, Competitive Dynamics, Competitive Rivalry, Interfirm Rivalry, kinerja perusahaan.

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ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine how the learning process in a company pursuing a strategy of innovation, imitation, and ambidextrous to face competitors. The third strategy formed by Competitive Dynamics (Awareness, Motivation, and Capability) (Chen, Su and Tsai, 2007 and Chen & Miller, 2012). The study also measures the extent to which the use of strategy innovation, imitation, and ambidextrous impact on the company's performance. Researchers used the experimental study participants were 240 students overall MM at Gajah Mada University, Airlangga University who are working to get the perspective of the company, and the Student S1 Airlangga University who has followed the course of strategic management. The experimental results showed that the Competitive Dynamics (Awareness, Motivation, and Capability) does not have a significant influence in shaping the strategy of innovation, imitation, and both (ambidextrous). In addition, the firm performance will be better if using ambidextrous strategy than innovation or imitation.

Key Words: Inovation, Imitation, Ambidextrous, Competitive Dynamics, Competitive Rivalry, Interfirm Rivalry, firm performance

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DAFTAR ISI Halaman HALAMAN SAMPUL DEPAN .......................................................................... i HALAMAN JUDUL ........................................................................................... ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ............................................................................ iii HALAMAN PENETAPAN PANITIA UJIAN ................................................. iv HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS .................................................v HALAMAN UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ........................................................ vi ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... viii DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ ix DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... xii DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................ xiii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................... xiv BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................... 1 1.1. Latar Belakang ................................................................................ 1 1.2. Rumusan Masalah .......................................................................... 9 1.3. Tujuan Penelitian .......................................................................... 10 1.4. Manfaat Penelitian .........................................................................10 BAB 2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .........................................................................11 2.1 Penelitian Sebelumnya ....................................................................11 2.2 Landasan Teori .............................................................................. 16 2.2.1. Competitive Dynamics .......................................................... 16 2.2.1.1. Awareness-Motivation-Capability .................................. 25 2.2.2. Organizational Learning ..................................................... 29 ix TESIS


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2.2.3. Kinerja Perusahaan ............................................................ 38 BAB 3. RERANGKA KONSEPTUAL ..............................................................41 3.1 Rerangka Konseptual .....................................................................41 3.2 Hipotesis ...........................................................................................42 3.2.1. Hubungan Competitive Dynamics terhadap Organizational Learning .................................................................................42 3.2.2. Hubungan Organizational Learning terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan . ...........................................................................48 BAB 4. METODE PENELITIAN ..................................................................... 51 4.1 Pendekatan Penelitian ................................................................... 51 4.2 Desain Penelitian .............................................................................52 4.3 Pembangunan Stimulus ................................................................ 52 4.4 Identifikasi Variabel ...................................................................... 55 4.5 Definisi Operasional Variabel .......................................................55 4.5.1. Competitive Dynamics ...........................................................56 4.5.1.1. Awareness ...........................................................................56 4.5.1.2. Motivation ...........................................................................57 4.5.1.3. Capability ............................................................................57 4.5.2. Organizational Learning ......................................................58 4.5.3. Kinerja Perusahaan .............................................................59 4.6 Jenis dan Sumber Data ..................................................................60 4.7 Prosedur Pengumpulan Data ........................................................ 61 4.8 Randomisasi .....................................................................................62 4.9 Populasi dan Sample ........................................................................62 4.10 Teknik Analisis ...............................................................................63 BAB 5. ANALISIS DAN PEMBAHASAN HASIL PENELITIAN ................67 x TESIS


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5.1. Main Test ........................................................................................67 5.1.1. Gambaran Obyek Penelitian ..............................................68 5.1.2. Gambaran Subyek Penelitian .............................................68 5.1.3. Karakteristik Partisipan Penelitian ...................................69 5.2. Deskripsi hasil Penelitian ..............................................................76 5.2.1. Analisis Faktor .....................................................................76 5.2.2. Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas ..............................................78 5.2.3. Uji Homogeneity of Variance ...............................................80 5.3. Pengujian Hipotesis .......................................................................81 5.4. Pembahasan ....................................................................................91 BAB 6. SIMPULAN DAN SARAN ....................................................................99 6.1. Simpulan ............................................................................................99 6.2. Implikasi Penelitian ..........................................................................99 6.2.1. Implikasi Akademik ...............................................................99 6.2.2. Implikasi Manajerial ............................................................101 6.3. Saran ................................................................................................102 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................104 LAMPIRAN

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel

Halaman

2.1. Tabel Penelitian Terdahulu .........................................................................14 4.1. Tabel Skenario AMC ...................................................................................54 4.2. Tabel Hasil Manipulation Check Pre-test ..................................................61 5.1. Tabel Karakteristik Partisipan Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin ..................67 5.2. Tabel Karakteristik Partisipan Berdasarkan Status ................................68 5.3. Tabel Karakteristik Usia Partisipan ..........................................................68 5.4. Tabel Karakteristik Posisi ...........................................................................69 5.5. Tabel Karakteristik Lamanya Pengalaman Kerja Partisipan .................70 5.6. Tabel Karakteristik Jenis Industri Pekerjaan Partisipan ........................71 5.7. Tabel Karakteristik Tingkat Familiaritas Partisipan ..............................72 5.8. Tabel Uji Asumsi Klasik Faktor Analisis ...................................................74 5.9. Tabel Faktor Analisis ...................................................................................74 5.10. Tabel Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas ..........................................................76 5.11. Tabel Uji Homogeneity of Variance Variabel Awareness ........................77 5.12. Tabel Uji Homogeneity of Variance Variabel Motivation .......................77 5.13 Tabel Uji Uji Homogeneity of Variance Variabel Capability ...................78 5.14. Tabel Uji Beda Variabel Awareness .........................................................78 5.15. Tabel Uji Beda Variabel Motivation .........................................................79 5.16. Tabel Uji Beda Variabel Capability ..........................................................80 5.17. Uji ANOVA Organizational Learning .......................................................83 5.18. Uji Kinerja Perusahaan .............................................................................86

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar

Halaman

3.1 Rerangka Penelitian ......................................................................................40 5.1. Grafik Perbedaan Asimetri dan Simetri Awareness .................................78 5.2 Grafik Perbedaan Asimetri dan Simetri Motivation ..................................79 5.3. Grafik Perbedaan Asimetri dan Simetri Capability ..................................80 5.4. Grafik Uji Anova Organizational Learning ................................................85 5.5. Grafik Kinerja Perusahaan .........................................................................87

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1. Skenario Eksperimen Lampiran 2. Kuesioner Penelitian Lampiran 3. Rekap Biodata Partisipan Lampiran 4. Jawaban Kuesioner Lampiran 5. Hasil Penelitian

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PENGARUH COMPETITIVE DYNAMICS TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PERUSAHAAN PADA STRATEGI IMITASI ATAU INOVASI SERTA KONSEKUENSINYA DALAM KINERJA PERUSAHAAN

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