Oleh: Dimas Rahadian AM, S.TP. M.Sc Email:
[email protected] JURUSAN ILMU DAN TEKNOLOGI PANGAN
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET SURAKARTA
Integrated Palm Oil Process Chain Management UP-STREAM
MID-STREAM
DOWN-STREAM
Oil Palm Seed Production
Oil Palm Plantation Palm Oil Mill Palm Oil Refinery
PRINSIP PENGOLAHAN SAWIT • • • • • • •
Sterilisasi tandan buah segar (TBS) Pelepasan buah dari tandan Pengepresan buah untuk mendapatkan minyak Penjernihan minyak Pemisahan serat dan biji Pemecahan biji Pemisahan inti dan cangkang
PRODUK • CPO • INTI SAWIT
UTILITAS • • • •
Penyediaan uap (steam) Pembangkitan listrik Pengolahan air Pengelalaan limbah
PEMANENAN....
PENGANGKUTAN....
PENERIMAAN BUAH....
LOADING RAMP....
PEREBUSAN / STERILISASI.... Tujuan : ○ Enzim ≠ FFA ○ Pelepasan buah ○ Preparasi mesokarp ○ Preconditioning kernel Mesin : Horizontal vessels P 3 kg cm-2 ; T 1430C ; t under steam 60 min
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Gambar 3.1. Skema alat Sterilizer tipe horizontal a. pipa saluran uap masuk; b. Manometer; c. pintu masuk; d. pintu keluar; e. Lori; f. kran afblas
Kurva Perebusan Tiga Puncak
Tekanan steam (kg/cm2)
3
45'
2,8 2,5
2,5
2,3
2 11'
12'
14' 1,5
Steam 4'
2'
2'
1 0,5 0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Waktu (menit)
Triple Peak Sterilization
70
80
90
100
PELEPASAN BUAH DARI TANDAN... Tempat masuknya tandan buah kelapa sawit dari feeder
Shaking and beating (hentakan) buah lepas dari tandan
Tromol pemipil Tempat pengeluaran tandan kosong
Mesin: Drum horizontal Ø = 1,8 – 2 m; l = 3 – 5 m; rotasi = 20 – 25 rpm
PENGHANCURAN...
Diges ter
Tujuan : digest mesocarp’s cells Reheat Loosen pericarp-nuts
Mesin :Silinder vertikal Dilengkapi pisau pengaduk T 95 – 1000C; waktu operasi 20 min
PENGEPRESAN...
Hasil pengepresan : minyak (66%) ; air (24%); padatan tersuspensi (10%) Sisa pengepresan : cake : serabut, biji
PENJERNIHAN MINYAK... MINYAK (66%), AIR (24%) DAN PADATAN TERSUSPENSI (10%)
Dilution with water Screening Settling Vacuum drying
Cooling Storage OIL mc 0.1-0.2%; Impurities <0.02%
PEMURNIAN MINYAK MENTAH (Refining)
Menghilangkan impurities yang tidak berguna, mempertahankan minor components yang berguna dan mendapatkan trigliserida sebanyak mungkin namun tetap ekonomis Degumming Netralisasi Bleaching Deodorisasi
penghilangan gum penghilangan asam lemak bebas (FFA) penghilangan warna penghilangan bau
FLOWCHART PABRIK MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT PT. Letawa Ltd.
Hoisting Crane (3 unit)
KEBUN Blowoff Silencer
Transport
NOT USED
Weigh Bridge Auto Feeder
Condensat
Main Steam Auxiliary Steam
Deaerasi Exhaust
Loading Ramp @ 12 doors
HEB Conv. Thresher (3 unit)
Blowdown Chamber
IEB Conv.
Under Thresher Conv.
Lorry 105 unit Sterilizer (4 unit) Bollard Transfer Carriage (2 unit)
Sand Settling
S. Rokan Raw Water Pump Water Tank Deaerator Clarifier Tank Hydrant
Sand Settling
Feed Water Pump
Fuel Dist. Conv.
Shell Hopper
Incinerator Condensat Pit
Secondary Dep. Fan
Sec. Dep. Cyclone
Mulching
LTDS 1 Cyclone
LTDS 1 Fan
LTDS 2 Cyclone Wet Shell Elevator
Shell Conveyor
Dilution Pump
Nut Basculator
Softener Domestic
Vibrating Grate
LTDS 2 Fan
Digester Screw Press
Polishing Drum
Wet Shell Conv.
Ke Hot Water Tank
Kernel Conv.
Recycling Tank
Steam 3kPa
DESPATCH KERNEL
Kernel Drier No. 1
CO Pump
Kernel Drier No. 2
Brush Strainer
Vacuum Drier
KD. Fan 2.2
Winnowing Fan Storage Chain Conveyor
Kernel Kernel Silo 1 Desp. Elevator
Sludge Tank Clarifier Tank
Collecting Tank
Sludge Basculator
Effluent Pump
Sludge Pit Oil Storage Tank No.1
Kernel Silo 2
Sludge Desanding Pump
Purifier (4 unit) Wet Oil Pump
Kernel Basculator Kernel Storage Elevator
Dry Oil Pump
Sand Settling Tank
Clarifier Tank
Oil Storage Tank No.2
Anaerobic Pond 1
Anaerobic Pond 2
Mixing Mixing Pond 1 Pond 2 Cooling Mixing Pond 1 Pond 3 Cooling Mixing Pond 2 Pond 4
Despatch Chain Conveyor
Sand Cyclone
Sludge Centrifuge (7 unit)
Oil Collecting Pump
Kernel Hopper
Kernel Sorting Belt Conv.
Sludge Buffer Tank
Distributing Tank
Float Tank
Kernel Pump
KD. Fan 1.2
Oil Recycling Pump
WetOil Tank
KD. Fan 2.1
Genset Back Pressure Vessel (BPV) 250 kW (2 unit) 150 kW (1 unit) Kernel Despatch Hopper
Wet Kernel Conv. Shell Pump Kernel Distr. Conveyor
Sand Trap Tank
Crude Oil Tank
ke Sterilizer
ke Proses Kernel Disch. Conveyor
Bottom Cross Conv.
Incl. Nut Conveyor
Vacuum Pump
Kernel Despatch Conveyor
Oil Gutter Vibrating Screen (4 unit)
Hidrosiklon
Turbine Cooler Pump
Fruit Elevator
Cake Breaker Conveyor
Ripple Mill CM Conveyor
Fiber Shell Conv.
Water Tube Boiler 18t/h(Mechmar-2 unit); Boiler 20 t/h(Atmindo-1 unit) KD. Fan 1.1
Top Cross Conv.
Distributing Conveyor
Nut Hopper CM Elevator
CM Polishing Drum
Wet Kernel Elevator
Steam 20kPa Ke Concrete Bak Steam Turbine 650 kW (3 unit)
Depericarper Cyclone
Depericarper Fan
SWT
Gravity Sand Filter
HEB Conv. Capstan
Hanging bridge
Oil Despatch Pump DESPATCH CPO
Contact Pond 1
Contact Pond 2
ke Land Aplikasi Anaerobic Pond 3 Aerobic Pond Anaerobic Pond 4
Copyright : Management Trainee Factory Assistant 2000
Standar Mutu Minyak Goreng...
Keadaan ; bau dan rasa normal Kadar air maksimal 0,3 persen Kadar asam lemak bebas maksimal 0,3 persen sebagai asam laurat Kadar kotoran maksimal 0,05 persen. Bilangan peroksida maksimal 5 mg oks/gr sampel﴾jumlah meq oksigen yang terdapat pada 100 g minyak﴿. Bilangan penyabunan 255-265 Bilangan Iodium 8-10
