Business Administration \ Center for Innovation Studies
Innoveren is méér dan investeringen in O&O dr. Paul E.M. Ligthart, dr. Roel Schouteten, dr. Robert Kok, dr. Peter Vaessen & prof. dr. Ben Dankbaar
correspondence:
[email protected] PAO Kennisconferentie Achterhoek: Match tussen Vraag en Aanbod Doetinchem, 26 November 2014 1
Oktober 1908: start productie T-ford “Tin Lizzy”
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Ligthart, POA Doetinchem, 26nov14
1
T-ford T ford
4 cylinder engine: Speed: Weight: Price:
1908
Start production
1910
Experimenting on the assembly line
1913
Well functioning assembly line
1916
1927
3 liter 70 km, 20 hp 540 kg 850 dollars
32,000 “Fordism” Price: 360 dollar Productivity: 8 x Wage: 5 dollar per day
End production T-ford
production:
750,000
> 15 million
3
Schumpeter’s definitie van innovatie (1912) „ eine diskontinuierlichen Veränderungen in neuen Kombinationen“ • • •
• •
Produkt: Herstellung eines neuen, d. h. dem Konsumentenkreise noch nicht vertrauten Gutes oder einer neuen Qualität eines Gutes; Produktie: Einführung einer neuen, d. h. dem betreffenden Industriezweig noch nicht praktisch bekannten Produktionsmethode; Afzetmarkt: Erschließung eines neuen Absatzmarktes, d. h. eines Marktes, auf dem der betreffende Industriezweig des betreffenden L d bi Landes bisher h noch h nicht i ht eingeführt i füh t war; Leveringen: Eroberung einer neuen Bezugsquelle von Rohstoffen oder Halbfabrikaten; Organisatie: Organisationale Veränderungen (‚Neuorganisationen‘) im Unternehmen oder in der Industrie, z. B. die Errichtung oder Durchbrechung einer Monopolstellung).
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Ligthart, POA Doetinchem, 26nov14
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Twee dimensies van innovatie Technologisch
Niet NietTechnologisch
Proces
Proces Technologie
Proces Organisatie
Produkt
Produkt innovatie
Produkt gerelateerd dienstverlening
Klassificatie van verschillende innovatie praktijken (Kinkel, Lay & Wengel, 2005) 5
European Manufacturing Survey network (EMS) onderzoeksthema’s Production & operations
New Product Development
R&D
Collaboration - international - regional
INNOVATIONS: • PROCESS TECHNOLOGY -INCLUDING ECO-EFFICIENCY • ORGANIZATION PROCESS • PRODUCT • PRODUCT RELATED SERVICES
Strategy
Outsourcing / Offshoring Industry Operational Efficiencies
Innovation
Ligthart, POA Doetinchem, 26nov14
Open Innovation
Management
3
Methodology •
European p Manufacturing g Survey y 2006-7 – Topics: utilisation of specific (recent) innovations in: production process, new organisational concepts, and product related services; also performance indicators, outsourcing activities, collaboration, staffing, ... – 3344 production plants in the manufacturing Industry (NACE 1537; >10 employees; focal respondent: managing director / plant manager) – Multinational survey in 9 countries: (Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Spain, France, Croatia, Turkey, Slovenia Netherlands) Slovenia, – Different branches of the Manufacturing Industry: (Metal, Food, Textile, Construction, Chemical, Machinery, Electronic, Transport) – Participation incentive: on-line benchmarking Website: http://www.european-manufacturing-survey.eu
7
Product Innovatie \ O&O investeringen
Product Innovation
• Productinnovation N=3344
RD-investments .0 % 1% 2% 3%
• RD-investments RD i t t (share turnover) N=2184
4% > 5% RD-investment > 0% 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
mean proportion
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4
Process Technology Innovation
Computer Aided Design
• average number of innovations per plant:
Virtual reality design Computer Aided Machines Integration CAD\CAM Industrial robots Computer controled warehouse Automated Machine Vision systems Process integrated quality control
4.8 innovations
Cleanroom Production planning systems Simulation process design Supply chain management Bio-genetechnology 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
mean proportion
9
Organisatie Proces Innovatie
Continuous improvement process
• average number of innovations per plant:
Quality management Regular individual potential review Account working time Integration of tasks Client/product specific production Decentralisation of functions
6.2 iinnovations ti
Just-in-time supply Internal zero-buffer principle Balanced scorecard Simultaneous engineering Environmental audit ISO 14001 Team work in production 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
mean proportion
10
Ligthart, POA Doetinchem, 26nov14
5
Product related Services • average number of innovations per plant:
Design\consult\planning Technical documentation' Software development Leasing\rent\financing
3.3 innovations
Assemblage\startup Training Maintenance\repair Build-operate-own 0%
10%
20%
11
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
mean proportion
Descriptives: Performance Indicators Performance Indicators
Mean Unit
I
DeliveryTime
41.97 day
II
OnTime
89.21 % orders
III
ScrapRate
IV
ProdLeadTime
562.10 hour
V
SetupTime
208.74 minute
VI
Egrowth
3 06 % products 3.06
1.42 employee
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Operationele efficiëntie: effecten van innovatie configuraties
(controlled for Size, Country, Industry, and RD-investments) 13
De boodschap • Innovaties Innovaties brengen positieve én brengen positieve én negatieve negatieve resultaten – Innovatie is niet alleen technologisch; pas ook de organisatie aan, bijv. HRM – Verschillende vormen van innovatie geven verschillende effecten – Consistentie in de innovatie activiteiten geven betere operationele resultaten
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Onderzoek wijst ook op: • Innoveer SAMEN – Intern: mensen vanuit verschillende functies\ afdelingen bij het innovatieproces… – Extern: betrek externe partijen (toeleveranciers, klanten, etc) in het innovatieproces (Open Innovatie) – Benchmarking m.b.v. het EMS netwerk …
• Verder onderzoek.. – Zoektocht Zoektocht naar naar “Best Best Practices Practices”,, effectieve configuratie van effectieve configuratie van specifieke innovaties
• Beperkingen Algemeen Onderzoek
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– Onze bevindingen zijn gebaseerd op analyses van groepen van bedrijven, niet algemeen geldend voor individuele bedrijven – Gevonden effecten zijn interessant, maar ook klein en niet alles bepalend
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Ligthart, POA Doetinchem, 26nov14
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Deelname aan Onderzoek
17
Business Administration \ Center for Innovation Studies
Innoveren is méér dan investeringen in O&O dr. Paul E.M. Ligthart, dr. Roel Schouteten, dr. Robert Kok, dr. Peter Vaessen & prof. dr. Ben Dankbaar
correspondence:
[email protected] PAO Kennisconferentie Achterhoek: Match tussen Vraag en Aanbod Doetinchem, 26 November 2014 18
Ligthart, POA Doetinchem, 26nov14
9
Alignment of specific innovations
Label
Innovation profile_A
Effect on Performances: DeliveryTime: --OnTime: ScrapRate: ProdLeadTime: - SetupTime: + Egrowth: + 19
Type Level_1
Computer Aided Machines
tp
integration CAD\CAM
tp
virtual reality design
tp
Computer Aided Design
tp
Assemblage\startup g p
ps p
Maintenance\repair
ps
Training
ps
Design\consult\planning
ps
Technical documentation
ps
Alignment of specific innovations
Label
Innovation profile_B
Effect on Performances: DeliveryTime: OnTime: + ScrapRate: ProdLeadTime: SetupTime: + Egrowth: 20
Ligthart, POA Doetinchem, 26nov14
Type
computer controled warehouse
tp
production planning systems
tp
continuous improvement process
op
regular individual potential review
op
account working time
op
integration of tasks
op
team work in production
op
just-in-time supply
op
Level_1
10
Alignment of specific innovations Label
Innovation profile_C
Effect on Performances: DeliveryTime: ++ OnTime: ++ ScrapRate: + ProdLeadTime: ++ SetupTime: -Egrowth:
Type
automated Machine Vision systems
tp
process integrated i t t d quality lit control t l
tp
industrial robots
tp
simulation process design
tp
supply chain management
tp
simultaneous engineering
op
balanced scorecard
op
environmental audit ISO 14001
op
internal zero-buffer principle
op
client/product specific production
op
decentralisation of functions
op
quality management
op
new products for firm and market
pi
21
Level_1
Alignment of specific innovations Label
Innovation profile_D
Effect on Performances: DeliveryTime: OnTime: ScrapRate: ProdLeadTime: SetupTime: Egrowth: 22
Ligthart, POA Doetinchem, 26nov14
Type
Bio-genetechnology
tp
cleanroom
tp
Leasing\rent\financing
ps
Build-operate-own
ps
Software development
ps
new products for firm only
pi
no pi
pi
0-1% RD investments
rd
2-3% RD investments
rd
1-2% RD investments
rd
3-4% RD investments
rd
>5% RD investments
rd
no RD investments
rd
missing RD investments
rd
Level_1
11
