MOJAKOE AKUNTANSI MANAJEMEN

Presented By: SPA-Accounting Study Division

Mojakoe Akuntansi Manajemen

MOJAKOE AKUNTANSI MANAJEMEN

Dilarang Memperbanyak Mojakoe ini tanpa seijin SPA FEUI Mojakoe dapat didownload di www.spa-feui.com

FB: SPA FEUI

1|Page

Twitter: @spafeui

SemesterGenap2010/2011



MID TERM EXAMINATION SEMESTER GENAP 2010/2011 Soal 1 (10%) - Regression, sudah dipelajari di AB. Soal 2 (20%) Below Information was taken from Jetstar’s website which was sent to all of the subscribers : $1 FARES ON SALE IN APRIL! In April 2011, we will have thousand of $1 sale fares to selected Australian Jetstar destination. Other incredible sale fares to selected Australian and International destinations will also be available in this exclusive sale. Please note that $1 fares will not be available to/from western Australia and Northern territory. Book any return flight online at www.jetstar.com.au between Tuesday 1 February and midnight Sunday 20 February 2011 where return travel is completed between Tuesday 1 February and Thursday 31 March 2011. Required : 1. You are asked to give a critical analysis on how could an airline compay charge $1 fare to certain destinations in Australia? 2. What is (are) the purpose(s) of this airline company in providing a cheap fair like this to their loyal customers? 3. How could they cover the costs? ETHICS FOR CVP ANALYSIS PT Melati, a company which produces plastic bags experiences poor profitability lately and is considering to reduce its variabloe costs to 51% of revenues by reducing the costs related to disposal of wasted plastic management. The president of the compny is concerned that this would potentially expose the company to environmental liabilities in the future. These are the conversations between the president and the accounting manager in the company : President: “We would need to estimate some of the potentoal environmental costs and analyse them” Manager: “We cannot do this as we are not violating the law, there is a possibility that we might incur environmental costs in the future and if we bring them now, the proposal in reducing the costs will be rejected by the Senior Management Group” Furthermore, the manager explained: “The market is quite tight and we are in a serious problem and otherwise we need to shut down the company soon” Below are some additional information about the company in 2011 : Sales Revenue Rp 500,000,000 Variable Costs (Rp 300,000,000) Fixed Costs (Rp 216,000,000) Operating Income (Rp 16,000,000) Required: 2|Page




1. Calculate Breakeven sales for the company in 2011 2. Calculate the company’s breakeven revenue if variable costs were reduced ro 51% to sales revenue 3. Calculate the company’s operating income if variable costs were reduced to 51% to sales revenue 4. Give your comments about their decision in reducing variable costs for the company in the long run. Soal 3 (25%) PT Perkasa Mutiara Teknik produces and sells lorries for the plantation. PT Perkasa manufactures a single model, Braja. On October 2010, PT starts prepare budget for 2011. PT Perkasa expects to sell 2,500 during 2011 at an estimated price Rp 5,000,000 per lorry. The company expects 2011 beginning inventory of 300 lorries and would like end 2011 with 350 lorries Below Materials and Labor Requirements and the related price/rate. Direct Material Per lorry Steel Metalic Cube Direct Labor per lorry

5 Unit 7 Unit 6 Jam

2010 Cost per DM Unit/hour Rp295.000 Rp56.000 Rp150.000

2011 Cost per DM Unit/hour Rp310.000 Rp61.000 Rp180.000

The company expects 2011 beginning direct material inventory of 3100 units and ending inventory 2600 units for steel, beginning direct material inventory of 1500 units and ending inventory 2900 units for metalic tube. Variable Manufacturing Overhead is Rp 70,000 per labor hour. There are also Rp 620,000,000 in fixed manufacturing overhead costs budgeted for 2011. The company combines both variable and fixed manufacturing overhead into a single rate based on direct manufacturing labor hours. Variable marketing costs are allocated at the rate Rp 2,900,000 per sale visit. The marketing plan calls for 36 sales visits during 2011. Finally, there are Rp 340,000,000 in fixed nonmanufacturing cost budgeted for 2011 The inventoriable unit cost for ending finished good inventory on December 31, 2010 is Rp 3,150,000. Assume PT Perkasa uses a FIFO Inventory method for both direct materials and finished good. Ignore work in process in your calculations. Requirements : Prepare 2011 budget for : a. Revenue Budget b. Production Budget c. Direct Material Usage and Purchases Budget d. Direct Labor Budget e. Manufacturing Overhead Budget f. Budgeted Manufacturing Overhead Rate g. Budgeted Manufacturing Overhead cost per output h. Budgeted Manufacturing Cost per unit i. Prepare Ending Inventory budget for direct material and finished good j. Prepare cost of good sold budget k. Prepare budgeted income statement 3|Page




Soal 4 (20%) Champion Hardware is a hardware wholesalre. All sales are credit sales with the term of payment 5/10, EOM. Information about the store’s operation follows : - December 2010 sales amounted to $400,000 - Sales are budgeted at $440,000 for January 2011 and $400,000 for february 2011 - Collections are expected to be 40% in the month ofsale within the discount period, 20% also in the month of sale but after the discount period, and 38% in the month following the sale. Two percentof sales are expected to uncollectible. Bad Debt Expense is recognized monthly. - Costof Goods Sold is 75% of sales. - A total of 80% of the merchandise for resale is purchased in the month of the sale. Payment for merchandise is made in the month following the purchase. The company always take the benefit of 2% discount offered by the supplier for payment before the 10th of the month - Annual operating expenses for 2011 is budgeted for $1,400,000. From this amount $800,000 is fixed cost which include $200,000 depreciation expense. The remaining operating expense is considered variable. All operating expenses will be paid as incurred. The Budgeted annual operating expenses is based on the expected annual sales of $6,000,000. The Company balance sheet as of december 31, 2010 is as follows : Champion Hardware Inc. Balance sheet December 31,2010 Asets Cash Account Receivable (net of $7,000 allowance for uncollectible accounts) Inventory Property and Equipment (net of $1,180,000 accumulated depreciation) Total Assets Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity Account Payable Common Stock Retained Earnings Total Labilities and Stockholders' Equity

44,000 152,000 280,000 1,724,000 2,200,000 324,000 1,590,000 286,000 2,200,000

Required : 1. Prepare a cash budget for January 2011 in detail (Show your computation) to show the expected cash balance at the end of January 2011. 2. Suppose you are preparing a budgeted balance sheet as of January 31, 2011 please show the balance for the following account: a. Cash b. Account Receivable c. Account Payable 4|Page




3. If the company has minimum cash balance policy of $400,000, how this will affect your answer? Soal 5 (25%) Zena,Inc manufactures a special fabric used to produce suits. Zena’s actual activity for the past month follows : Materials purchased........................ 18,000 Materials Used................................ 9,500 Direct Labor................................... 2,100 Total Manufacturing Overhead..... Rp 109,800,000

meters at Rp9,500 per meter meters hours at 62,500 per hour consist of Rp 80,500,000 variable costs and Rp 29,300,000 fixed cost) Production..................................... 500 units The company applies standard cost system and the standard costs are detailed as follows : Direct material, 20 meters at Rp 9,000 per meter.............................. Rp 180,000 Direct Labor, 4 hours at Rp 60,000 per hour..................................... Rp 240,000 Manufacturing Overhead applied at five-sixths (5/6) of direct labor cost (Variable costs = Rp 150,000 ; Fixed Costs= Rp 50,000).................. Rp 200,000 Total Unit Costs.................................................................................. Rp 620,000 Standards have been computed based on a budgeted activity level of 2,400 direct labor hours per month. Required a. Prepare variance analysis for : I. Direct Material II. Direct Labor III. Variable Overhead IV. Fixed Overhead b. Prepare Journals to record the transactions. JAWABAN Soal 2 a) Charge $1 fares 1. Dengan memberikan harga yang terlampau murah, seharusnya Australian Jetstar Destination bisa membuat biaya-biaya yang dikeluarkan menjadi efektif dan efisien tanpa mengurangi kualitas dari penerbangan. Cara untuk mengefektifkan biaya yang dikeluarkan oleh Australian Jetstar Destination ini bisa dilakukan dengan banyak hal antara lain : Meniadakan makanan di dalam pesawat, bila ada pun penumpang harus membayar ekstra untuk itu, menggunakan awak, kabin yang sama ke penerbangan kembali dengan membawa penumpang yang berbeda, dan ,menjual tiket hanya secara online untuk menghemat gaji penjaga counter dan lainnya. 2. Memberikan tarif yang sangat murah pasti memiliki tujuan yang jelas dan strategi yang dibawa pula, dengan biaya airline yang murah, dan yang cenderung 5|Page




menggunakan jasa penerbangan adalah kalangan menengah ke atas, Australian Jetstar pasti berharap nantinya dikenal dengan Low Fares High Quality Airlines. Dengan demikian, perusahaan yang sering sekali mengirimkan pekerjanya keluar negeri menjadi bisa mendapatkan extra price, yang kemudian dibalas dengan special price untuk penayangan iklan atau publikasi lain. Dengan memberikan first impression yang baik soal harga dan diikuti dengan kualitas yang mumpuni maka word of moth akan terjadi secara langsung, dan orang-orang yang belum pernah memanfaatkan transportasi udara akan langsung mencoba Australian Jetstar untuk pengalaman pertama mereka. 3. Mencari barter bisa dimanfaatkan oleh Jetstar, mereka bekerjasama dengan perusahaan publikasi lalu meminta jasa publikasi mereka agar bisa secara gratis atau dengan potongan mengiklankan JetStar sehingga tidak perlu ada biaya iklan. Dengan mengefektifkan biaya-biaya yang ada dan harga yang sangat terjangkau, yang membuat pesawat selalu penuh dengan penumpang akhirnya akan membuat biaya-biaya tsb tercover. b) Breakeven, etc 1. Breakeven Revenue = = =540 juta 2. Breakeven Revenue = =

.

= 440,816,326.5 3. Operating Income = 500 juta –(0.51x500 juta)-216 juta = 29 juta 4. Didalam long run cost, semua biaya menjadi biaya variabel, artinya setiap biaya dipengaruhi oleh berapa jumlah output yang dihasilkan, dengan mengurangi variable cost seperti dengan mengurangi harga bahan baku, atau mengubah tarif gaji menjadi harian bukan gaji tetap. Dengan mengurangi variable cost terbukti bahwa operating income manjadi positif, dan di jangka panjang pun demikian. Soal 3 Schedule 1

Lorries

6|Page

Revenue Budget Units Sold 2.500

Selling Price 5.000.000

Total Revenues 12.500.000.000


Presented By: SPA-Accounting Study Division Schedule 2


Production Budget In Units Lorries

Budgeted Unit Sales

2.500

Add: Target Ending FG Inventory Total Requirements

350 2.850

Less:Beginning FG Invetory Units to be purchased Schedule 3A Physical Unit Budget

300 2550 units DM Usage

Steel

2550 x 5

Metalic Cube

2550 x 7

Steel

17.850 12.750

3100 x295,000

Production Unit Add Target Ending Inventory Total Requirements Deduct Beginning Inventory Available for Beginning Inventory Cost Budget Steel (12250*310000)

84.000.000

2.991.500.000 997.350.000 3.906.000.000

Purchase Budget Steel

7|Page

Metalic Cube

12.750

17.850

2.600

2.900

15.350

20.750

3.100

1.500

12.250

19.250

1.081.350.000 Total

3.797.500.000

Metalic Cube( 19250*61000) Purchases

17.850

914.500.000

Metalic Cube 1500 x 56,000 To Be used from purchase this period (12750Steel 3100)x310000 (17850Metalic Cube 1500)x61000 Total Cost of DM to be used Schedule 3b Physical Unit Budget

Total

12.750

To be used in production Cost Budget Available for Beginning Inventory Steel

Metalic Cube

1.174.250.000 3.797.500.000

1.174.250.000

4.971.750.000


4.987.350.000



Schedule 4

Direct Labor Budget

Labor Category

Cost Driver Unit

DML Hours/output unit

Total Hours

Wage Rate

Total

Manufacturing Labor

2.550

6

15.300

180.000

2.754.000.000

Schedule 5 Variable Manufacturing Overhead Rate

Manufacturing Overhead Budget 15300x70000 1.071.000.000

Fixed Manufacturing Overhead Cost Total Manufacturing Overhead Costs

620.000.000 1.691.000.000

Budgeted Manufacturing Overhead Rate 1.691.000.000 = 15.300 Budgeted Manufacturing Cost per output 1.691.000.000 = 2.550 Schedule 6A Direct Materials

110.522,8/hour

663.137,2/output unit

Budgeted Manufacturing Cost Per Unit Cost per unit of input Input

Steel

310.000

5

1.550.000

Metalic Cube

61.000

7

427.000

180000

6

1.080.000 663.137,20

Direct Manufacturing Labor Total Manufacturing Overhead

3.720.137 Schedule 7

COGS Budget From Schedule

Beginning Finished Good Inventory

3150000*300

Given

945.000.000

DM Used

3A

4.987.350.000

Direct Manufacturing Labor Manufacturing Overhead

4 5

2.754.000.000 1.691.000.000

Cost of Good Manufacturing

9.432.350.000

Cost of Good Available to sale

10.377.350.000

Ending Finish Good Inventory

6B

Cost of Good Sold

8|Page

1.479.754.020 8.897.595.980




Budgeted Income Statement 12.500.000.000

Revenues COGS Gross Margin Operating Cost

8.897.595.980 3.602.404.020

Variable Marketing Cost

2900000*36

Fixed Nonmanufacturing cost

(104.400.000) (340.000.000)

Operating Income

3.158.004.020

Soal 4 1. Cash Budget January 31,2011 Cash Balance 1 January 2011 Cash Sales December 2010 Cash Sales January 2011 Total Cash available for needs Deduct Cash Disbursment Merchandise for Resale

Fixed Operating Expenses Variable Operating Expenses Payment of Materials in December (20%) Total Cash Disbursment in January Ending Cash Balance

38% x 400.000 (40% x 440.000x(1-0.05)) +(20% x 440.000)

44.000 152.000 255.200 451.200

(75%*440.000)*(1-0.02))*80%paid in Jan

258.720

800.000*sales(440.000)/expected sales monthly(500.000))/12 *(600.000/800.000)depr tidak dimasukkan (600.000*(440.000/500.000)/12) ((75%*400.000)*(1-0.02))*20%

44.000 44.000 58.800 405.520 45.680

2. Name Of Account Cash Account Receivable

Account Payable

Computation look at Cash Budget computation

Balance at January 31,2011 45.680

Opening Balance (152,000)+Payment of Receivable(38%*400.000)-AFDA(2%*440.000)+ Receivable(38%*440.000)

158.400

Opening Balance (324,000)- Payment of Payable ((75%*400.000)*(1-0.02))*20% +Payable for Merchandise(75%*440.000)*(1-0.02))*20%paid following month

329.880

3. Karena nilai dari cash balance pada Januari masih lebih dari 45.680 maka kebijakan tersebut tidak memperngaruhi apa-apa, tetapi apabila angka cash balance ada dibawah 40,000 maka harus ada langkah-langkah yang dilakukan seperti mempercepat collectible receivables, atau mengurangi merchandise purchase.

9|Page




Soal 5

Actual Costs Incurred

Direct Material

Actual Input Quantity*Budgeted Price

Actual Input Quantity*Actual Rate

Purchase

Usage

Budgeted Input Quantity Allowed*Budgeted Price

9500*9500

9500 x 9000

9500*9000

10000*9000

90.250.000

85.500.000 4.750.000 U Price Variance

Direct Manufacturing Labor

2100*62500

85.500.000

90.000.000 4.500.000 F Efficiency Variance

2100*60000

131.250.000

126.000.000 5.250.000 U Price Variance

Actual Input Quantity*Budgeted Price Actual Cost Incurred Variable Overhead

80.500.000

(150000/4)*2100

80.500.000

78.750.000 1.750.000 U Spending Variance

Fixed Overhead

29.300.000 29.300.000

2000*60000 120.000.000 6.000.000 U Efficiency Variance

Flexible Budget Budgeted Input Quantity Allowed*Budgeted Price

Allocated Budgeted Input Quantity*Actual Budgeted Rate

(150000/4)*2000

(150000/4)*2000

75.000.000 3.750.000 U Efficiency Variance

Never a Variance

(50000/4)*2400

(50000/4)*2400

(50000/4)*2000

30.000.000

30.000.000

25.000.000 5.000.000 U Prod Volume Variance

700.000 F Spending Variance

10 | P a g e

Flexible Budget

Never A variance

75.000.000


Presented By: SPA-Accounting Study Division 1 Variable MOH Control

Mojakoe Akuntansi Manajemen 80.500.000

Account Payable Control WIP Control

80.500.000 78.750.000

Variable MOH Allocated Variable MOH Allocated Variable MOH Spending Variable MOH Efficiency

78.750.000 75.000.000 3.750.000 1.750.000

Variable MOH Control Cost Of Good Sold

80.500.000 5.500.000

Variable MOH Spending Variable MOH Efficiency Var 2 Fixed MOH Control

3.750.000 1.750.000 29.300.000

Wages Payable Control WIP Control

29.300.000 25.000.000

Fixed MOH Allocated Fixed MOH Allocated Fixed MOH Prod Volume Var Fixed MOH Control Fixed MOH Spending Fixed MOH Spending COGS

11 | P a g e

25.000.000 25.000.000 5.000.000 29.300.000 700.000 700.000 700.000


MOJAKOE AKUNTANSI MANAJEMEN

Recommend Documents