menunjukkan bahwa kekerasan permukaan enamel gigi paling rendah pada kelompok perendaman dalam jus jeruk dibandingkan kelompok perendaman dalam jus apel dan larutan vitamin C yaitu menurun sebesar 58% dari kekerasan awal setelah direndam selama 120 menit.
7.2 Saran 1. Perlu dilakukan penelitian selanjutnya untuk melihat pengaruh kandungan kalsium, fosfat dan fluor pada minuman terhadap penurunan kekerasan permukaan gigi. 2. Perlu dilakukan penelitian selanjutnya untuk melihat pengaruh minuman yang bersifat asam terhadap kekerasan permukaan enamel gigi dengan menggunakan saliva buatan agar kondisinya sama seperti di dalam rongga mulut.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Ilyas M. Perbedaan kadar kalsium dalam saliva sebelum dan sesudah mengkonsumsi minuman ringan yang mengandung asam sitrat. JITEKGI, 2006; 3 : 96-9. 2. Prasetyo E.A. Keasaman minuman ringan menurunkan kekerasan permukaan gigi. Dent. J. 2005; 38 : 60-3. 3. Beatrice K, Gandara, Edmond L.T. Diagnosis and management of dental erosion. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice. 1999; 1 : 1-17.
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4. Dawes C. What is the critical pH and why does a tooth dissolve in acid. J Can Dent Assoc. 2003; 69 : 722-24. 5. Pintauli S, Hamada T. Menuju gigi dan mulut sehat pencegahan dan pemeliharaan. Medan : USU Press, 2008 : 21-4. 6. Bamise C.T, Kolawole K.A, Oloyede E.O. Tooth erosion: Evaluation of the use of soft drinks, fresh fruit, fruit juices and medication among university students. World App Science J. 2009; 12 : 1482-87. 7. Jarvinen V.K, Rytomaa I.I, Heinonen O.P. Risk factor in dental erosion. J Dent Res. 1991; 6 : 942-47. 8. Manohey E.K, Kilpatrick N.M. Dental erosion: Part 1. Aetiology and prevalence of dental erosion. New Zealand Dent J. 2003; 99 : 33-41. 9. O’Brien M. Children’s dental health in the United Kingdom 1993. Office of Population Censuses and Surveys 1994. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London. 10. Millward A, Shaw L, Smith A. Dental erosion in four-year-old children from differing socioeconomic backgrounds. ASDC J of Paediatr Dent. 1994; 61 : 2636. 11. Deery C, Wagner ML, Longbottom C, Simon R, Nugent Z. The prevalence of dental erosion in a United States and a United Kingdom sampel of adolescents. Pediatric Dent. 2000; 22 : 505-10. 12. Lussi A, Strub M, Zimmerli B, Jaeggi T. Dental erosions: diagnosis, risk factors. GABA. 2006. 13. Yan-Fang R, Amin A, Malmstrom H. Effect of tooth whitening and orange juice on surface properties of dental enamel. J Dent. 2009.
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14. Naidu K.A. Vitamin C in human health and disease is still a mystery, an overview. Noutrition J. 2003; 2 : 7. 15. Lussi A, Jaeggi T. Dental erosion: chemical factors. Monogr Oral Sci Basel, Karger. 2006; 20 : 77-87. 16. Lussi A, Schaffner M, Jaeggi T. Dental erosion-diagnosis and prevention in children and adults. Int Dent J. 2007; 57 : 385-98. 17. Jensdottir T, Holbrook P, Nauntofte B, Buchwald C, Bardow A. Immediate erosive potential of cola drinks and orange juices. J Dent Res. 2006; 85 : 226-30. 18. Seow WK, Thong KM. Erosive effect of common beverages on extracted premolar teeth. Aus Dent J. 2005; 50 : 173-78. 19. Machado C, Lacefield W, Catledge A. Human enamel nanohardness, elastic modulus and surface integrity after beverage contact. Braz Dent J. 2008; 19. 20. Meurman J.H, Murtomaa H. Effect of effervescent vitamin C preparation on bovine teeth and on some clinical and salivary parameters in man. Eur J of Oral Sci. 2007; 94 : 491-99. (Abstrak). 21. Giunta J.L. Dental erosion resulting from chewable vitamin C tablets. JADA. 1993; 107 : 253-56. (Abstrak). 22. Sturdevant C.M, Barton R.E, Sockwell C.L, Strickland W.D. The art and science of operative dentistry. New Delhi : Mosby. 2001 : 7-18. 23. Berkovitz B.K.B, Holland G.R, Moxham B.J. Oral anatomy, histology and embryology. London : Mosby. 2009 : 105-21.
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24. Rahardjo T.B.W. Kelarutan email gigi dalam larutan buffer asetat pH 4 dengan dasar air PDAM Palembang serta kuah pempek: suatu studi laboratorik dengan pendekatan kimiawi dan mikroskopik elektron. Jakarta : ECG, 1993 : 1-8. 25. Fathilah A.R, Rahim Z.H.A. The effect of beverages on the release of calcium from the enamel surface. Annal Dent Univ Malaya. 2008; 15 : 1-4. 26. Lussi A. Erosive tooth wear – A multifactorial condition of growing concern and increasing knowledge. Monogr Oral Sci Basel, Karger. 2006; 20: 1-8. 27. Magalhaes A.C, Wiegand A, Rios D, Honorio H.M, Buzalaf M.A.R. Insights into preventive measures for dental erosion. J App Oral Sci. 2009; 17(2) : 75-86. 28. Rosmiati H, Wardhini B.P. Vitamin dan mineral. Dalam Buku : Sulistia G, eds. Farmakologi dan terapi. Jakarta : Gaya Baru, 2005 : 714-37. 29. Reichstein T, King C.G, Gyorgyi A.S, Pauling L.C. Vitamin C. DSM. 30. Hathcock J.N. Vitamin and mineral safety 2nd edition: Vitamin C. CRN. 2004. 31. Bamise CT, Kolawol KA, Oloyede EO. The determinants and control of soft drinks-incited dental erosion. Rev Clin Pesq Odontol. 2009; 5 : 141-54. 32. Anonymous. www.wtw.com/downloads/manuals/ba75441e01_pH-Cond_720.pdf. ( 30 Juli 2010). 33. Manappallil J.J. Basic dental materials. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. 1998 : 17-9. 34. Maria del Pilar G.S, Jorge R.G. Microhardness and chemical composition of human tooth. Material Res. 2003; 6 : 367-73. 35. Briliana R.P. Efek pH minuman teh botol, kopi dan bir terhadap kekerasan permukaan gigi. 2010 : 38-43.
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36. Avner S.H. Introduction to physical metallurgy. United State of America: McGram-Hill 1974 : 31-5. 37. Sri A. Seluk-beluk statistic inferensial : Rancangan sampel. Dalam Buku : Arjatmo T, eds. Dasar-dasar metodologi riset ilmu kedokteran. Jakarta: Adiguna Offset. 1981 : 331. 38. Hanafiah K.A. Rancangan percobaan aplikatif. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada. 2005 : 11-12.
Lampiran 1. ALUR PENELITIAN
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