MEMAHAMI JENIS PERTANYAAN

MEMAHAMI JENIS PERTANYAAN A. GAMBARAN UMUM 1. Ciri Pertanyaan  What is the text about?  What does the text mostly tell you about?

 What is the best title for the text above? 2. Petunjuk Menentukan Jawaban Gambaran umum sebuah teks adalah isi sebuah teks secara umum. Bila teks tersebut sudah diberi judul, maka judul tersebut merupakan gambaran umum isi teks. Contoh: Sebuah teks mempunyai paragraf-paragraf dengan topik-topik sebagai berikut: Paragraph 1 : Why people need a vacation. Paragraph 2 : Places people usually go to during vacation. Paragraph 3 : Things people usually do on their vacation. Maka gambaran umum dari teks tersebut adalah Vacation. 3. Latihan My father has a new black car. He bought it after saving the money for 3 years. He bought it so that my family can travel together easily. Father uses the car to drive my sister and I to school every morning. Twice a week, father drives my mother to the traditional market for shopping. The car has a good design, and it has eight seat; two seat in front, three seats in the middle, and another three seats at the back row. It is very easy to drive. My mother can drive it by herself if my father is too busy in his office to take her to go shopping. What does the text tell you about? A. The car that the writer got. B. The new car of the writer’s father. C. The good design of the car. D. The writer’s father and mother. (UN 2013) Jawaban: B Pembahasan: Nur Zaida, email address [email protected], ph 081391709344/08156508274

Dari paragraph awal sampai dengan akhir yang dibicarakan adalah mengenai mobil baru yang dibeli ayahnya penulis. B. PIKIRAN UTAMA PARAGRAF 1. Ciri Pertanyaan  What is paragraph 2 about?  What does paragraph 3 (three) tell you about?  What is the third paragraph of the text about?  What is the main idea of paragraph 2 (two)?  What is the main idea of the last paragraph?  Paragraph 4 (four) tells you about ….  The fourth paragraph is about …. 2. Petunjuk Menentukan Jawaban Secara umum pertanyaan jenis ini dibagi menjadi dua macam: 2.1 Topik Paragraf Pertanyaan mengenai topik paragraph menuntut pembaca mencari tahu paragraph yang dimaksud berisi tentang apa. 2.2 Pokok Pikiran Suatu Paragraf Pertanyaan mengenai pokok pikiran atau pikiran utama suatu paragraph menuntut pembaca menentukan kalimat utama yang menjadi pokok sebuah paragraph. Sebuah paragraph biasanya dibangun dari sebuah kalimat utama. Kalimat-kalimat yang lain menerangkan kalimat utama tersebut. 3. Latihan 3.1 Topik Paragraf It was my grandpa’s birthday party last Sunday. On Friday, my sister and I went shopping at the mall. We bought a nice shirt. Then we wrapped it in blue paper. Blue is my grandpa’s favourite colour. On Saturday morning, my brother and I helped my sister make a birthday cake in the kitchen. It was a big and beautiful cake. I wrote ‘Happy Birthday’ on it. After that, we put some chocolate and a candle on the top of it. On Sunday evening, my uncle and aunt came to my house. They brought several bottles of soft drink and flowers for grandpa. We sat together in the living room. My dad said a prayer. Then we sang ‘Happy Birthday’ and my grandpa blew out the candle. He cut the cake into small pieces and gave a piece to everybody in that room. He opened the present and he was very happy with the shirt. Finally, my grandma told us some stories about my grandpa.

Nur Zaida, email address [email protected], ph 081391709344/08156508274

What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A. The writer bought a present for her grandpa. B. The writer prepared everything for the party. C. The writer’s uncle brought some drinks and flowers. D. The writer and her family celebrated their grandpa’s birthday. (Ujian Nasional Tahun 2008/2009) Kunci: A Pembahasan: Paragraf tersebut utamanya menceritakan mengenai si penulis menyiapkan hadiah ulang tahun untuk kakeknya. 3.2 Pokok Pikiran Suatu Paragraf Horray! We had Fun with English in our school! We enjoyed this event on Thursday, 17th January 2008, at Yos Sudarso Primary School in Karawang. We had waited for it since September 2007. So when the day came, we were really happy. We played many games such as matching colours, matching pictures, horse racing, running and finding and spelling bee. We had story tellings, too. All students from grade 1 to grade 6 joined Fun with English, so there were 3 slots for the activities. We really had fun and we could practice our English. We also sang together about parts of our body, and do-re-mi. Many prizes were given in this event. There were tickets from Ice World and Gondola of Ancol Bay City, tickets from Water Boom of Lippo Cikarang, tickets from Insects World and Freshwater World of TMII, T-shirts, pens, stickers and many other merchandizes. What is the main idea of paragraph three? A. Many prizes were given in the event. B. All students of the school joined the game. C. The students had fun during the game. D. “Fun with English” is a nice programme. (Ujian Nasional 2008/2009) Kunci: A Pembahasan: Paragraf tersebut dibangun dari ide many prizes were given in this event. Hal ini jelas sekali karena kalimat berikutnya menerangkan hadiahnya berupa apa dan dari mana. C. INFORMASI TERTENTU 1. Ciri Pertanyaan  What time …? Nur Zaida, email address [email protected], ph 081391709344/08156508274

    

When…? How …? How long…? How much…? How many…?

2. Petunjuk Menentukan Jawaban Pertanyaan jenis ini biasanya dapat dijawab dengan cepat dengan cara sebagai berikut: 1) temukan kata kunci yang ada dalam pertanyaan, 2) carilah kata yang sama atau mempunyai arti yang sama yang ada di bacaan. 3. Latihan The Bangkok Tuk Tuk (pronounced took-took) is probably every visitor’s favourite means of transport. They have an undeniable appeal and quality that makes them irresistible to everyone who come to Bangkok or Thailand. The Tuk Tuk is a three wheeled, motorized rickshaw and can seat two adults comfortably, but it is common to see 6 to 7 students crammed in it. All of them share the fare. Bangkok Tuk Tuks are a great way of traveling short distances if you are not expecting any sightseeing along the way. We say this because the canopy that covers the Tuk Tuk slants downwards towards at exactly eye level so that the passengers are losing their chances to see what is going on around unless one sits on another person’s lap. How many grown-ups can be carried restfully in a tuk-tuk? A. One. B. Two. C. Six. D. Seven. Kunci :B Pembahasan: Mencari padanan kata kunci pada pertanyaan (grown-ups & restfully), lalu mencari kata yang sama/mirip yang ada di bacaan (adults & comfortably), ada di paragraph 2. Maka jawabannya adalah 2 orang dewasa. D. INFORMASI RINCI 1. Ciri Pertanyaan  Why…?  How…?  Which statement is TRUE according to the text? 2. Petunjuk Menentukan Jawaban


Informasi rinci tersurat dalam teks adalah informasi yang tertera atau terdapat dalam teks tapi untuk mencarinya perlu membaca teks secara seksama. Biasanya informasi ini tercecer di sana sini dan kita harus mengumpulkannya. 3. Latihan One day a man stopped at a flower shop to order some flowers. He wanted to send them to his mother who lived far in another town through a delivery company. Meanwhile, he was looking at a sad young girl who was sitting in front of the flower shop. He asked her what was wrong, and she replied, “I wanted to buy a red rose for my mother, but my money is not enough,” The man smiled and said, “Come on, go in with me. I’ll buy you a rose.” He bought the little girl a rose, and he ordered for his own mother flowers too. After buying a rose flower for the girl, the man offered the girl a ride to her home. She said, “Yes, please! You can take me to my mother.” She directed him to a cemetery. The girl placed the rose on her mother’s fresh grave. Knowing the girl’s mother had died, the man realized that he must show his love to his mother while she was still alive. Then, the man returned to the flower shop. He cancelled the flower delivery order, picked up the rose flowers and drove to reach his mother’s house. What did the man do after buying the girl a red rose? A. He gave her a ride to her home. B. He took the girl to her mother’s cemetery. C. He went to his own home. D. He placed the rose on his mother’s grave. (Ujian Nasional 2009/2010) Kunci: B Pembahasan: Kalimat-kalimat berikut ini merupakan sumber informasi untuk menjawab pertanyaan di atas: After buying a rose flower for the girl, the man offered the girl a ride to her home. She said, “Yes, please! You can take me to my mother.” She directed him to a cemetery. Kalimat di atas mempunyai arti: Setelah membelikan si gadis setangkai bunga, sang pria menawari si gadis tumpangan untuk pulang. Si gadis berkata, “Ya, terima kasih! Kamu bisa mengantarku ke ibuku.” Si gadis menunjukkan jalan ke makam ibunya. E. INFORMASI TERSIRAT 1. Ciri-ciri Pertanyaan  From the text we can conclude that ….  From the text we know that ….  etc Nur Zaida, email address [email protected], ph 081391709344/08156508274

2. Petunjuk Tidak semua pertanyaan dapat dijawab dengan cepat dengan cara mencocokkan kata kunci di pertanyaan dengan yang ada di bacaan. Ada jenis pertanyaan yang untuk menjawabnya, seorang pembaca perlu membuat kesimpulan berdasarkan bukti-bukti yang tertera di bacaan. 3. Latihan The Earth receives heat from the sun and reflects some of this heat into space. Carbon dioxide and other gases in the air act as a blanket to hold onto some of this reflected heat. As a result, the Earth is warm. This is called the greenhouse effect The cutting down of forest and the burning of fuels causes the air to contain more of the gases that cause the greenhouse effect. When this happens, the greenhouse effect increases. There is a rise in temperature all over the world, which is called global warming With increased global warming, the ice in the North and the South poles will melt. This will cause the sea-levels to rise. Plants and animals that are unable to adapt to the higher temperature will become extinct. From the text above, we can conclude that global warming is … for living things. A. safe B. dangerous C. crucial D. important (UN Tahun 2009/2010) Kunci: B Pembahasan: Bukti-bukti dapat diperoleh dari paragraph 3 (tiga) yang mempunyai arti: “Dengan meningkatnya pemanasan global, maka es di Kutub Utara dan Selatan mencair. Hal ini akan mengakibatkan permukaan air laut meningkat. Tanaman dan binatang yang tak mampu untuk beradaptasi dengan suhu yang lebih tinggi akan menjadi punah.” Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemasangan global berbahaya bagi mahluk hidup (living things). F. RUJUKAN KATA 1. Ciri-ciri Pertanyaan  What does the underlined word refer to?  The underlined word refers to …. 2. Petunjuk


Rujukan kata adalah kata yang menggantikan kata yang telah disebutkan sebelum atau kadang-kadang sesudahnya. Rujukan kata bisa berupa kata ganti orang maupun benda seperti: He, she, it, they, him, her, them, me, these, those, dsb. Bisa juga kata yang menggantikan tempat atau waktu yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya. Contohnya: During these times, …. Atau The lady lived there. 3. Latihan Crispy Hash Brown Recipe Ingredients: 3 tbsp olive oil, canola oil or grape seed oil 1 lb russet baking potatoes, peeled and grated Salt and pepper Method: 1. Heat 3 tbsp of oil in a large frying pan on medium heat. 2. Squeeze out as much moisture as you can from the grated potatoes. It’s easier to do this with potatoes ricer. If you don’t have it, you can use paper towel to squeeze it. 3. Add the grated potatoes on the hot frying pan, spread them out along the bottom of the pan. Sprinkle some salt and pepper on the potatoes. If they have been fried to golden brown, they are ready for a flip. Continue to cook until they are golden brown on the bottom. Put them on the serving plate. Serve for 4 people.

“If you don’t have it, …” (Step 2) What does the underlined word refer to? A. Frying pan. B. Paper towel. C. Potatoes ricer. D. Serving plate. (UN 2013) Kunci: C Pembahasan: Lihat kalimat sebelumnya yaitu: It’s easier to do this with potatoes ricer. Yang artinya: Lebih mudah menggunakan potatoes ricer untuk melakukannya. Kalimat berikutnya mempunyai arti: Kalau kamu tidak punya,…. Jadi yang dimaksud dengan it di kalimat itu adalah potatoes ricer. G. MAKNA KATA/FRASA Makna kata/frasa adalah maksud yang terkandung di dalam suatu kata atau kalimat. 1. Ciri-ciri Pertanyaan  The underlined word means…. Nur Zaida, email address [email protected], ph 081391709344/08156508274

 The underlined word is closest in meaning to….  What does the underlined word mean? 2. Petunjuk Seringkali makna kata/frasa dapat ditebak dari konteks kalimat dalam sebuah teks. Untuk itu pilihlah jawaban untuk pertanyaan makna kata berupa kata yang maknanya sama/hampir sama dengan kata yang digarisbawahi sesuai dengan konteks kalimat. Apabila pilihan A, B, C, D terdapat kata/frasa yang mempunyai arti yang hampir sama, maka kedua pilihan tersebut biasanya salah. Jadi jangan dipilih. 3. Latihan …………................................................................................................................................... His study on the geographical distribution of wildlife that he collected during the voyage, resulting his theory of natural selection in 1838. Having seen other being attacked for similar ideas, he confided only to his closest friends and continued his research. In 1858, Alfred Russel Wallace sent him an essay describing a similar theory, causing the two to publish their early theories in a joint publication. In 1859 he published his famous book, the Origin of Species.

“…, he confided only to his closest friends…” (paragraph 3) The underlined word is similar in meaning with…. A. told a secret B. made a group C. did observation D. conducted a research (UN 2013) Kunci: A Pembahasan: Pilihan D tidak dapat dipilih karena telah ada kata continued his research di dalam kalimat yang dimaksud. Pilihan C tidak cocok karena observasinya pada spesies, bukan manusia. Pilihan B dan A cukup kuat untuk dipilih. Namun dari hasil menganalisa konteks kalimat dapat ditebak kalau dengan teman dekat saja, pasti merupakan sesuatu yang rahasia. Jadi pilihan A lebih tepat. H. PESAN MORAL Dalam bahasa Inggris ada teks yang memang dengan sengaja di tulis dengan tujuan untuk mengajarkan nilai-nilai moral tertentu. Tes yang dimaksud adalah teks berbentuk narrative. Namun demikian perlu dipahami bahwa tidak semua teks narrative memuat pengajaran nilai moral. 1. Ciri Pertanyaan  What is the moral value of the text? Nur Zaida, email address [email protected], ph 081391709344/08156508274

 What moral value can you learn from the text?  What do you learn from the text? 2. Petunjuk Menentukan Jawaban Nilai moral suatu teks dapat dipahami dari kalimat-kalimat yang digunakan dalam teks dan biasanya kalimat itu menunjukkan perbuatan-perbuatan yang patut diteladani orang. Namun demikian bisa juga terjadi tidak menunjukkan secara langsung sehingga kita mesti menarik suatu kesimpulan nilai moral apa yang hendak disampaikan. 3. Latihan A shepherd took his sheep out to pasture. But when it was time to return to the sheep pen, he found that some wild goats had become mixed up with his flock. Nonetheless he was very pleased that the flock had grown by itself, and he closed the goats into the pen along with the sheep. The next day was rainy and the shepherd decided not to go out. He gave his sheep only a small handful of food, while he gave much bigger ratio to the goats. He thought that if he treated them well, they would stay with him. In spite of this, as soon as the shepherd opened the gate, the goats ran out and he was unable to catch them again. “Ungrateful beasts,” shouted the shepherd after them. “I treated you better than the others!” “That’s why we’re going,” answered one of the goats. “If you prefer us new animals to your sheep, how will you treat us if you find some more animals in your flock?” So do not be happy if someone sows you that they prefer you to their old friends. You too will soon be an old friend and could be replaced just as easily. Which is the moral value you can learn from the story? A. Never ever trust to the new one. B. Don’t threat your friend as enemy. C. There are not good things on the old one. D. Don’t forget the old friend if you get the new one. (Ujian Nasional tahun 2007/2008) Kunci: D Pembahasan: Seringkali dalam sebuah teks naratif, ada kalimat yang mengandung pesan moral di akhir cerita. Meskipun hal ini tidak selalu terjadi. Teks di atas merupakan salah satu contoh di mana ada pesan moral di akhir cerita. Maka pilihan yang cocok adalah D.


One day a big ship wrecked near a small island. The only survivor of the shipwreck washed up on a small, empty island. He prayed for god to rescue him, and every day he watched the horizon for help, but no one seemed coming. He built a little hut out of driftwood to protect him from the bad weather and to keep his few possessions. One day after looking for food, he arrived home to find his little hut on fire, the smoke rolling up to the sky. The bad thing had happened; he lost everything. He was very sad. “God, how could you do this to me!” he cried Early the next day, however, he was awakened by the sound of a ship that was approaching the island. It had come to rescue him. “How did you know I was here?” asked the weary man to his rescuers. “We saw your smoke signal, “they replied. The man thanked God for that. What can we learn from the story above? A. Bad things may bring good things. B. People have to be happy at bad times. C. Something bad makes people sad. D. We must be sad at bad times. (UN Tahun 2009/2010 ) Kunci: A Pembahasan: Hal ini dapat disimpulkan dari betapa kecewanya laki-laki tersebut saat mengetahui bahwa pondoknya terbakar, sampai-sampai dia berteriak, “God, how could you do this to me!” (Oh Tuhan, mengapa Engkau begitu tega padaku.). Namun ternyata asap yang diakibatkan oleh kebakaran tersebut justru mengundang sebuah kapal yang lewat untuk menolong lakilaki tersebut, karena dikira asap tersebut adalah tanda SOS (Save Our Soul). I. TUJUAN KOMUNIKATIF 1. Ciri Pertanyaan

     

What is the purpose of the text? What is the communicative purpose of the text? Why does the writer write the text? What is the writer’s purpose of the text? The purpose of writing the above text is … . The text is meant to … .

2. Petunjuk Secara umum, setiap teks mempunyai tujuan komunikatif sebagai berikut:

ESSAY TEXTS GENRE

PURPOSE

TYPE


NARRATIVE

  

To entertain the readers To amuse the readers To give lesson to the readers

Short stories, Fables, Folk tales Plays, Legends, Myths, Fairy tales

REPORT



To describe things or phenomenon in general

Reference articles, lscientific articles, textbooks

RECOUNT

 

To tell one’s experience To tell an incident

Diaries, letters, journals, biographies, newspaper reports, historical recount, autobiographies, incident reports.

PROCEDURE



To give instructions about how to do something To tell the readers how to make something

Recipes, instructional manuals, experiment procedures.

To describe about certain person, animal or thing (a living or non-living thing)

Certain thing, person, animal, or place



DESCRIPTIVE



Short Functional Texts TYPES OF SHORT FUNCTIONAL TEXT  Caution/Notice 

Greeting card

PURPOSE        

To warn the readers To draw the readers’ attention To wish someone’s happiness on his birthday or special days/occasions To congratulate someone over his achievement To express our sympathy To express condolences To motivate someone to gain a better achievement To wish someone to be better soon during his illness




Short message



Invitation

       



Announcement





Label



 

Advertisement Letter



Schedule

           

To tell a plan To invite someone To tell a postpone of a plan To express our sympathy To ask for an apology To ask someone to do something etc To invite someone to come to a certain event/meeting. To announce an important plan or happening. To tell the readers the ingredients, the nutrition facts, and sometimes the way of serving the product. To promote a product/service. To tell someone’s experience To tell a plan To invite someone To tell a postpone of a plan To express our sympathy To ask for an apology To ask someone to do something etc To tell the readers the schedule of flights or land transportations To tell the readers an itinerary of a journey To tell the readers the schedule of a program

3. Latihan My special day is coming I am 14 years old now. My parents are having a special party for me. Your smile and laugh we hope. So come to the party, and it will be lots of fun. The party will be held at three to five p.m. Sunday, December 22, 2013 Nini’s house 45 Cibinong Street

Why does Nini writer the text? A. She wants her friends to be happy. B. She hopes her friends to smile and laugh. Nur Zaida, email address [email protected], ph 081391709344/08156508274

C. Her parents had a special party for her. D. She wants her friends to come to her party. (UN 2013) Kunci: D Pembahasan: Karena ini adalah teks invitation, dapat dipastikan bahwa tujuannya adalah untuk mengundang seseorang. Dalam hal ini ke pesta ulang tahunnya si Nini. Rujak Buah Ingredients:  1 cucumber : peeled  1 papaya : cut into ½ inch cubes  1 pineapple : cut into ½ inch cubes, fresh or canned pineapple.  1 apple tart : cut into ½ inch cubes  1 mango : peeled, cubed  3 tablespoons peanuts: fry  1 hot chili peppers : seeded, sliced  ¼ cup brown sugar  1 tablespoon tamarind : dissolved in ½ cup water, strained Directions: 1) Mix all the fruit together. 2) Grind chilies and salt. 3) Add brown sugar. 4) Add dry roasted peanuts and grind completely. 5) Pour some tamarind liquid. 6) Mix the sauce and fruit together. 7) Serve chilled.

What is the purpose of the text? A. To inform about delicious rujak buah. B. To show how easy to make rujak buah. C. To show the steps in making rujak buah. D. To inform the material used to make rujak buah. (Ujian Nasional Tahun 2010/2011) Kunci: C Pembahasan: Keseluruhan isi teks adalah mengenai bagaimana membuat rujak buah.


MEMAHAMI JENIS PERTANYAAN

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