Manusia dan Mesin Sumber Daya Sistem Informasi Manajemen
Man vs Machine On May 11, 1997, an IBM computer named Deep Blue beat the world chess champion, Garry Kasparov, at his own game. Deep Blue’s victory was the end of a 50-year battle between human chess players and computers. Computers are smarter than humans? Will humans be made redundant by computers?
Information Processing
Subjective
Objective
Fuzzy See patterns
Structured See Digits
Slow
fast
The Human Factor
Human Factor & Kualitas Keputusan “Technology’s capabilities have outstripped human ability to utilize its full output. If current trends continue, managers will increasingly find themselves overwhelmed by an abundance of information that makes intelligent decision making more, not less, difficult” Weiner & Brown (1989: 9)
Human Factor Hypothesized Human Capacity
IT Development Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi
Hypothesized Human Capacity
Human Factor Human Capacity to Utilize IT
Waktu
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Anggaran IT bagi perusahaan di Amerika meningkat rata-rata 12% pertahun Produktivitas hanya meningkat sekitar 2% pertahun “Di Indonesia masih ada kecenderungan over investment … di bidang Teknologi Informasi” (Menkominfo dikutip pada DetikNet 3 Mei 05).
Weiner & Brown (1989: 9)
apa yang harus ditempuh untuk ? Strategi mengatasi human factor
Defensive Management? ●
Informasi yang terlalu banyak membebani sehingga pemimpin memilih “defensive management” menghindari tanggung jawab pengambilan keputusan dengan: ● ● ● ● ●
Ketergantungan pada komisi penasehat Ketergantungan pada Konsultan Penggunaan hasil survei secara berlebihan Mengandalkan precedents Outsourcing
Solusi ●
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User friendliness dalam merancang bangun SIM berbasis ICT Petunjuk penggunaan/Dokumentasi Layanan purna jual Defensive Management (Hanya solusi sementara)
Why the Discrepancy?
Why is HR capacity low? ●
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Seen as costs rather than asset/capital/investment Weak HR Cycles Unfavorable IT Career pospects
People Resource People are the most important resource in any organization, with a focus on
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Technology literacy Information literacy Ethical responsibilities
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People Resource Technology-literate knowledge worker – knows how and when to apply technology Information-literate knowledge worker
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Can define information needs Knows how and where to obtain information Understands information Acts appropriately based on information
Ethics – principles and standards that guide our behavior toward other people 1-
People Resource - Ethics You always want your actions to fall in Quadrant I – both ethical and legal.
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IT: Cost, Asset atau Investasi?
CSC (2003: 18)
Peranan TI
CSC (2003: 19)
Why is HR capacity low? ●
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Seen as costs rather than asset/capital/investment Weak HR Cycles Unfavorable IT Career pospects
How advanced are ITs? ● ● ● ●
ITs are seen as investments Price is down IT Investment up Rapid development in: ● ● ●
Hardware Software Netware
FAKTOR-FAKTOR APA YANG BERPENGARUH?
Bagaimana Kelembagaan e-Gov? ●
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Sejauh mana pendayagunaan TI dilakukan secara terkoordinasi lintas sektor dan SKPD? Adakah unit organisasi khusus yang secara efektif mengkoordinasikan seluruh upaya pendayagunaan TI? Adakah aturan kerja sama antar lembaga?
Bagaimana kepemimpinan dibidang TI?
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Pemahaman pimpinan Motivasi untuk pemerintah berbasis TI Inovasi dan ide dari pimpinan
Bagaimana ketersediaan Infrastruktur TI?
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Anggaran untuk infrastruktur Akses jaringan telekomunikasi Jumlah aplikasi e-gov yang dipakai
Bagaimana kesiapan SDM? ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Latar belakang pendidikan Diklat Benchmark Peluang belajar informal Pengetahuan dan Keterampilan Quantitas Pola karir Ketergantungan pihak luar
Bagaimana kultur TI aparatur? ● ● ● ●
Penghargaan terhadap TI Tingkat kebutuhan akan TI Minat belajar TI Zona nyaman
Bagaimana kesiapan masyarakat? ● ●
Kesadaran tentang layanan berbasis TI Kemampuan menggunakan TI
Preview Minggu Depan ●
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Apa saja strategi yang ditempuh oleh organisasi yang membutuhkan membangun SIM? Apa saja permasalahan yang biasa muncul dalam pengembangan SIM? Jika membangun sebuah SIM dianalogikan membangun sebuah gedung, langkah-langkah apa saja yang harus dilewati agar gedung tersebut selesai dan dapat dimanfaatkan sesuai fungsinya?
