Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL)
What? Environmental Indices Why? Environmental Indices Benefit?
Role of Index (Water Quality) • WQI numerically summarizes the information from multiple water quality parameters into a single value • The single value can be used to compare data from several sites • It can be used to look at trends over time on a single site
Quadrant Analysis 15 Quad 2
Quad 3
Nitrate-N N Concentration (Normalized)
10 5 0
PRIORITY?
-5 -10 -15
Quad 1
Quad 4 Flow (Normalized)
Impact Population Size Sub Catchment-1 (SC-1)
WQ? SC-2
SC-3
SC-3 NEW
WWTP River
Impact Population Size 5 DO
DO Concentration (mg/L)
4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5
0 0
2
4
6
8 10 12 14 Population size (x1000)
16
18
20
Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) When a lake or stream does not meet WQ Standard, a study must be completed to determine the amount of a pollutant that can be put in a waterbody from point sources and nonpoint sources and still meet WQS. A TMDL is used as a short hand acronym to describe the process used to determine how much pollutant load a lake or stream can assimilate
TMDL (continued) A TMDL is a written, quantitative assessment of WQ problems and contributing pollutant sources. It specifies the amount of pollutant reduction necessary to meet WQ Standards, allocates the necessary pollutant limits among the various sources in the watershed and It provides a basis for taking actions needed to restore waterbody.
Parts of the Water Quality Index • Q-Value - indication of water quality relative to 100 of one parameter • Weighting Factor - sets the relative importance of the parameter to overall water quality
Q Value • The Q-Value is an indication of how good (or bad) the water quality is relative to one Q = 25 parameter. • 100 = Very Good Very • 1 = Very Bad Q = 0 Bad
Q = 50 Medium
Q = 75
Very Good
Q = 100
pH Q-Graph and Q-Table Q-Value 81 88 94 98 100 98 94 88 80 72
pH Q-Values 100 90 80 70 60 Q-Value
• • • • • • • • • •
pH 6.6 6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.0 8.2 8.4
50 40 30 20 10 0 2
3
4
5
6
7 pH
8
9
10
11
12
E.coli Q-Graph & Q-Table E. coli Q-Values 100 90 80 70 Q-Value
E. coli Q-Value • 0 100 • 1 99 • 2 94 • 5 89 • 10 84 • 20 80 • 50 74 • 100 69 • 200 65 • 500 27 • 1000 30
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1
10
100 E. coli (CFU/100 mL)
1000
10000
Weighting Factors
Turbidity
DO
DO
0.17
pH
0.11
E. coli
0.16
Temp Turbidity
0.10 0.08
T Phos
0.10
NO3
0.10
BOD
0.11
Total Solid
0.07
Total
1.00
NO3 E. coli T Phos
Temp
pH BOD
WQI Interpretation Water Quality Index Range
Water Quality Rating
90-100 70-89 50-69 25-49 0-24
Excellent Good Medium Bad Very Bad
Example WQI Calculation Parameter
Units
Result
Q-Value
Weight Factor
Parameter Index
DO % Sat
%
95
98
0.17 0.17
17.67
pH
pH units
8
88
0.11 0.11
10.55
E. Coli
CFU/100 mL
1750
23
0.16 0.16
3.94
Temp
deg C
0
100
0.11 0.10
11.00
Turbidity
NTU
10
79
0.09 0.8
7.07
T Phos
mg/L P
0.2
50
0.1 0.10
5.50
NO3
mg/L N
0.4
91
0.1 0.10
9.12
BOD
mg/L
6
36
0.11 0.11
4.34
0.7
Total Solid Total
1.00 WQI =
Quality Rating =
69.2 (?) 69.2 MEDIUM
Example WQI Calculation Parameter
Units
Result
Q-Value
Weight Factor
Parameter Index
DO % Sat
%
95
98
0.17 0.17
17.67
pH
pH units
8
88
0.11 0.11
10.55
E. Coli
CFU/100 mL
1750
23
0.16 0.16
3.94
Temp
deg C
0
100
0.11 0.10
11.00
Turbidity
NTU
10
79
0.09 0.8
7.07
T Phos
mg/L P
NO3
mg/L N
BOD
mg/L
Total Solid Total WQI = Quality Rating =
Adjusting for Missing Data • When a parameter is missing, the sum of the weighting factors that have data can be used to adjust the WQI • Sum of the Parametric Index Values is divided by the sum of the weighting factors that have data.
Calculation with Missing Parameter Parameter
Units
Result
Q-Value
DO % Sat
Weight Factor
Parameter Index
%
95
98
17.67
pH
pH units
8
88
10.55
E. coli
CFU/100 mL
1750
23
3.94
Temp
∆ deg C
0
100
11.00
Turbidity
NTU
10
79
7.07
T Phos
mg/L P
NM
NO3
mg/L N
0.4
91
9.12
BOD
mg/L
6
36
4.34
Missing data
Total
0.89 WQI =
Quality Rating =
63.7 71.6 GOOD
Question?
Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL)
C O N T E N T S
Structure of Environmental Indices Two general forms: increasing & decreasing index Mathematical structure
A Two-step Calculation Sub-Index calculation Agregation
Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL)
Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL)
C O N T E N T S
SubSub-Index -
Linear Function: Increasing & Decreasing, Segmented
Non-linear Function: Implicit & Explicit, Exponential, Segmented
Step-by-step Function
Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL)
C O N T E N T S
1. Penjumlahan tanpa pembobotan 2. Penjumlahan dengan pembobotan 3. Root-Sum-Power 4. Root-Mean-Square 5. Operator Maksimum 6. Perkalian dengan Pembobotan 7. Operator Minimum
Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL)
C O N T E N T S
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Penjumlahan tanpa pembobotan Penjumlahan dengan pembobotan Root-Sum-Power Root-Mean-Square Operator Maksimum Perkalian dengan Pembobotan dimana
atau
Operator Minimum
dimana
Function Curves
C O N T E N T S
Linear (Increasing)
Linear (Decreasing)
Non-linear (Implicit)
Segmented Linear
Non-linear (Exponential)
Non-linear (Explicit)
Non-linear (Segmented)
Step-by-step Function
Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL)
C O N T E N T S
1.
Penjumlahan tanpa pembobotan
Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL)
C O N T E N T S
1.
Penjumlahan tanpa pembobotan
Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL)
C O N T E N T S
1.
Penjumlahan dengan pembobotan
Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL)
C O N T E N T S
3.
Root-Sum-Power
Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL)
C O N T E N T S
4.
Root-Mean-Square
Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL)
C O N T E N T S
5.
Operator Maksimum
Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL)
C O N T E N T S
6.
Perkalian dengan Pembobotan
Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL)
C O N T E N T S
7.
Operator Minimum
Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL)
C O N T E N T S
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Penjumlahan tanpa pembobotan Penjumlahan dengan pembobotan Root-Sum-Power Root-Mean-Square Operator Maksimum Perkalian dengan Pembobotan dimana
atau
Operator Minimum
dimana
Indeks Standar Kualitas Udara (ISPU) (Air Pollution Standard Index - ISPU)
C O N T E N T S
The use of Environmental Index in Air Pollution
Indeks Standar Kualitas Udara (ISPU)
C O N T E N T S
(Air Pollution Standard Index - ISPU)
Number and Category of ISPU
Indeks Standar Kualitas Udara (ISPU)
C O N T E N T S
(Air Pollution Standard Index - ISPU)
Number and Category of ISPU
Indeks Standar Kualitas Udara (ISPU)
C O N T E N T S
(Air Pollution Standard Index - ISPU)
Functional Curve
Environmental Index
C O N T E N T S
The use of Environmental Index in Water Pollution
Environmental Index
C O N T E N T S
The use of Environmental Index in Water Pollution
Environmental Index
C O N T E N T S
The use of Environmental Index in Water Pollution
Environmental Index
C O N T E N T S
The use of Environmental Index in Water Pollution
Environmental Index
C O N T E N T S
The use of Environmental Index in Water Pollution
Environmental Index
C O N T E N T S
The use of Environmental Index in Water Pollution
Environmental Index
C O N T E N T S
The use of Environmental Index in Water Pollution
Parameter
Konsentrasi Baku mutu (Ci) (Lix)
TSS
100
50
DO
2
6
pH
8
6-9
Fecal coli
2000
1000
BOD
8
2
Se
0,07
0,01
Ci/Lix
(Ci/Lix)baru
