DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PERNYATAAN ABSTRAK .................................................................................................... i ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. ii KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................. iii DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................. vii DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................ x DAFTAR BAGAN........................................................................................ xii DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................... xiii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................ xiv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah .................................................................. 1 B. Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................ 4 C. Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................. 4 D. Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................... 5 E. Definisi Operasional ........................................................................ 5 F. Sistematika Penulisan ...................................................................... 6
BAB II KAJIAN TEORI A. Pariwisata ......................................................................................... 8 B. Jenis Wisata ..................................................................................... 11 C. Objek Wisata.................................................................................... 13 D. Daya Tarik Wisata ........................................................................... 13 E. Taman Wisata Alam ........................................................................ 14 F. Jenis-jenis Kegiatan Wisata Alam ................................................... 17 G. Ekowisata ......................................................................................... 17 H. Konservasi........................................................................................ 23 I. Gunungapi ........................................................................................ 28
vii
J. Kerangka Pemikiran......................................................................... 34
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN A. Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian ........................................................... 35 B. Desain Penelitian ............................................................................. 36 C. Alat Pengumpulan Data ................................................................... 39 D. Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ....................................................... 40 E. Teknik Pengumpulan Data............................................................... 41 F. Teknik Pengolahan Data .................................................................. 44 G. Informan ........................................................................................... 50
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN A. Temuan Penelitian ........................................................................... 51 1. Profil Objek Wisata Kawah Papandayan.................................... 51 a) Letak Geografis dan Aministratif ......................................... 51 b) Bentuk dan Struktur Gunung Api ......................................... 53 c) Geologi ................................................................................. 53 d) Sejarah Gunung Papandayan ................................................ 54 e) Sifat dan Bahaya Erupsi ....................................................... 58 f) Fasilitas Kawasan Gunung Papandayan ............................... 59 g) Aktifitas Wisatawan ............................................................. 63 h) Arus Kunjungan Wisatawan ................................................. 67 B. Pembahasan Temuan Peneltian........................................................ 68 1. Potensi dan Analisis Potensi Kawasan Gunung Papandayan Berbasis Ekowisata Di Kabupaten Garut .................................. 68 a) Aspek Sumber Daya Alam .................................................. 68 b) Aspek Budaya dan Kerarifan Lokal .................................... 71 c) Keberadaan dan Dukungan Masyarakat.............................. 73 d) Pendidikan dan Pengalaman ............................................... 74 e) Kemampuan Manajamen Mengelola Ekowisata ................. 75 2. Karakteristik/Preferensi Sampel Penduduk dan Wisatawan ..... 75
viii
a. Karakteristik Penduduk ....................................................... 75 b. Karakteristik Wisatawan ..................................................... 84 3. Hambatan Dalam Pengembangan Objek Wisata Kawah Papandayan Berbasis Ekowisata ............................................... 96 4. Srategi Pengembangan Objek Wisata Kawah Papandayan ...... 98 a. Aplikasi Analisis Lingkungan (SWOT) .............................. 98 b. Aplikasi Analisis Strategi (TOWS)..................................... 108 4. Jenis Atraksi Wisata Yang Dapat Dikembangkan Di Objek Wisata Kawah Papandayan ............................................................118
BAB IV KESIMPULAN A. Kesimpulan ...................................................................................... 123 B. Rekomendasi .................................................................................... 124
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................... 127 LAMPIRAN .................................................................................................. 129 RIWAYAT HIDUP ...................................................................................... 152
ix
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1
Prinsip dan Kriteria Ekowisata ........................................................ 21
2.2
Kategori Kawasan Konservasi ......................................................... 26
3.1
Matriks SWOT/TOWS .................................................................... 49
4.1
Data Arus Kunjungan Wisatawan di Objek Wisata Kawah Papandayan ..................................................................................... 67
4.2
Jenis Kelamin Responden ................................................................. 75
4.3
Tingkat Usia Responden .................................................................... 76
4.4
Jenis Profesi Responden .................................................................. 76
4.5
Tingkat Pendidikan Responden ....................................................... 77
4.6
Tingkat Penghasilan Responden ...................................................... 78
4.7
Tempat Tinggal Asal Responden ..................................................... 78
4.8
Jarak Tempat Tinggal dengan Kawasan Gunung Papandayan ........ 79
4.9
Wawasan Ekowisata Responden...................................................... 79
4.10
Pengetahuan Ekowisata Responden ................................................ 80
4.11
Tingkat Kepedulian Responden Terhadap Budaya.......................... 80
4.12
Tingkat Kepedulian Responden Terhadap Keamanan Lingkungan
4.13
Responden Yang Mengambil Kayu Di Hutan Untuk Kebutuhan
81
Pokok ............................................................................................... 81 4.14
Responden Yang Berburu Di Hutan Untuk Kebutuhan Pokok ....... 82
4.15
Responden Yang Membabat Hutan Untuk Membuka Lahan Pertanian Dan Pemukiman ............................................................... 82
4.16
Fasilitas Yang Harus Diperbaiki ...................................................... 83
4.17
Tanggapan Responden Terhadap Pengembangan Ekowisata Di Kawasaan Gunung Papandayan ...................................................... 83
4.18
Jenis Kelamin Wisatawan ................................................................ 84
4.19
Tingkat Usia Wisatawan .................................................................. 85
4.20
Jenis Profesi Wisatawan .................................................................. 85
4.21
Tingkat Pendidikan Wisatawan ....................................................... 86
x
4.22
Tingkat Penghasilan Wisatawan ...................................................... 87
4.23
Tempat Tinggal Asal Wisatawan ..................................................... 87
4.24
Biaya Yang Dihabiskan Wisatawan Didalam Kawasan .................. 88
4.25
Dengan Siapa Responden Melakukan Kegiatan Berwisata ............. 88
4.26
Jenis Transportasi Yang Digunakan Wisatawan.............................. 89
4.27
Jenis Media Promosi ........................................................................ 89
4.28
Wawasan Wisatawan Akan Jenis Wisata Gunung Papandayan ...... 90
4.29
Intensitas Kunjungan Wisatawan ..................................................... 90
4.30
Ketertarikan
Wisatawan
Terhadap
Objek
Wisata
Kawah
Papandayan ...................................................................................... 91 4.31
Tujuan Wisatawan Mengunjungi Objek Wisata .............................. 91
4.32
Kegiatan Wisatawan Di Objek Wisata Kawah Papandayan ............ 92
4.33
Objek Yang Disukai Wisatawan Di Dalam Kawasan...................... 93
4.34
Fasilitas Objek Wisata Kawah Papandayan ..................................... 93
4.35
Fasilitas Yang Harus Diperbaiki ...................................................... 94
4.36
Waktu Yang Dihabiskan Di Objek Wisata Kawah Papandayan ..... 94
4.37
Minat Untuk Berkunjung Kembali Ke Objek Wisata Kawah Papandayan ...................................................................................... 95
4.38
Kesan Terhadap Objek Wisata Kawah Papandayan ........................ 95
4.39
Tanggapan Terhadap Pengembangan Ekowisata Di Objek Wisata Kawah Papandayan .......................................................................... 96
4.40
Matriks Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) ........................................ 99
4.41
Matriks Eksternal Factor Evaluation (EFE) ..................................... 100
4.42
Kesimpulan Analisis Faktor Internal (KAFI) .................................. 101
4.43
Kesimpulan Analisis Faktor Eksternal (KAFE) .............................. 105
4.44
Analisis TOWS ................................................................................ 109
4.45
Atraksi Wisata Yang Bisa Dikembangkan Di Objek Wisata Kawah Papandayan........................................................................... 119
4.46
Infrastruktur Objek Wisata Kawah Papandayan .............................. 120
xi
DAFTAR BAGAN
Bagan 2.1
.......................................................................................................
Kerangka Pemikiran ............................................................................
xii
34
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 3.1
Peta Gunung Papandayan Kab. Garut ........................................... 36
4.1
Peta Kawasan Gunung Papandayan .............................................. 52
xiii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran Keindahan Objek Wisata Kawah Papandayan ............................................... 129 Surat Keputusan Ujian Sidang ....................................................................... 137 Salinan Surat Pra Penelitian ........................................................................... 140 Salinan Surat Izin Masuk Kawasan Konservasi BKSDA JABAR ................ 141 Pedoman Wawancara Untuk Pengelola ......................................................... 142 Kuesioner Penduduk ...................................................................................... 139 Kuesioner Wisatawan..................................................................................... 144 Salinan Surat Izin Masuk Kawasan Konservasi BKSDA JABAR ................ 146 Salinan Buku Bimbingan Skripsi ................................................................... 150
xiv
