Bidang Ilmu: PERTANIAN LAPORAN PENELITIAN HIBAH BERSAING TAHUN ANGGARAN 2011
Perakitan Varietas Cabai Hibrida Tahan Layu Bakteri dan Berdaya Hasil Tinggi
Izmi Yulianah, SP, MSi Niken Kendarini, S.P., M.Si.
Dibiayai oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pendidian Tinggi, Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional, melalui DIPA Universitas Brawijaya REV.1 Nomor: 0636/023-04.2.16/15/2011 R, tanggal 30 Maret 2011 dan berdasarkan surat dari DP2M Dikti Nomor: 121/D3/PL/2011 tanggal 7 Februari 2011
UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA NOPEMBER 2011
RINGKASAN
Layu bakteri yang disebabkan oleh Ralstonia solanacearum. Penyakit layu bakteri cukup berbahaya, karena pada tingkat serangan berat dapat menyebabkan kematian tanaman dan kegagalan panen sehingga menimbulkan kerugian atau penurunan hasil yang relatif besar (Semangun, 1994). Upaya pengendalian yang efektif dan efisien adalah dengan menggunakan varietas tahan layu bakteri. Varietas yang tahan dapat diperoleh antara lain melalui persilangan. Persilangan merupakan cara untuk menggabungkan gen yang diinginkan. Menurut de Sousa dan Maluf (2003) silang dialel memungkinkan untuk memilih tetua dan memberikan informasi mengenai daya gabung dalam hibrida. Pemilihan dan penentuan pasangan tetua yang mampu menghasilkan hibrida terbaik menjadi permasalahan dalam perakitan varietas hibrida. Pemilihan tetua dapat didasarkan pada nilai daya gabung dan heterosis. Penelitian meliputi dua percobaan yaitu : (1) pembentukan populasi F1 dengan persilangan dialel, (2) Pendugaan parameter genetik populasi F1 cabai terhadap layu bakteri dengan analisis silang dialel. Percobaan pertama bertujuan mendapatkan populasi F1 cabai hasil kombinasi persilangan dengan metode silang dialel. Pada percobaan ini didapatkan 10 kombinasi persilangan yang akan digunakan pada percobaan selanjutnya (PBC 473 x Jatilaba, PBC 473 x 02094, PBC 473 x Randu, PBC 473 x PBC 67MC5, Jatilaba x 02094, Jatilaba x Randu, Jatilaba x PBC 67MC5, 02094 x Randu, 02094 x PBC 67MC5, dan Randu x PBC 67MC5). Percobaan kedua bertujuan 1) Menduga daya gabung, dan nilai heterosis karakter ketahanancabai terhadap layu bakteri pada populasi F1 dan 2)) Memilih populasi F1 yang memiliki daya gabung khusus tinggi dan heterosis baik pada karakter ketahanan cabai terhadap layu bakteri. Pada percobaan kedua digunakan populasi setengah dialel lima genotipe cabai (PBC 473, Jatilaba, 02094, Randu dan PBC 67MC5) dengan peuabah kejadian penyakit. Berdasarkan hasil percobaan diperoleh informasi bahwa populasi F1 hasil persilangan memiliki kisaran agak rentan – tahan. Terdapat 7 populasi F1 yang tahan, yaitu PBC 473 x Jatilaba, PBC 473 x 02094, PBC 473 x PBC 67MC5, Jatilaba x 02094, Jatilaba x Randu, Jatilaba x PBC 67MC5, dan 02094 x Randu. Dua populasi F1 yang memiliki respon agak tahan, yaitu PBC 473 x Randu dan 02094 x PBC 67MC5, dan satu populasi F1 yang mempunyai respon agak rentan, yaitu Randu x PBC 67MC5. Nilai daya gabung umum (DGU) yang tinggi pada Genotipe PBC 67MC5 dan Randu .Terdapat tujuh kombinasi persilangan (F1) yang menunjukkan nilai daya gabung khusus yang baik. Pemilihan kombinasi persilangan (F1) terbaik berdasarkan respon ketahanan terhadap layu bakteri, daya gabung khusus dan heterosis baik.Terpilih lima kombinasi persilangan (F1) sebagai calon varietas hibrida cabai yang tahan terhadap layu bakteri yaitu PBC 473 x Jatilaba, PBC 473 x PBC 67MC5, Jatilaba x Randu, Jatilaba x PBC 67MC5, dan 02094 x Randu.
SUMMARY
Bacterial wilt which is caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. It is quite dangerous, because at the level of severe attacks can cause death of plants and crop failure causing loss or decline of a relatively large (Semangun, 1994). Control efforts are effective and efficient is to use bacterial wilt resistant varieties. Resistant varieties that can be obtained, among others through the crossing. Crosses is a way to incorporate the desired gene. According to de Sousa and Maluf (2003) cross dialel allows to select the elders and provide information about combining ability of the hybrid.. Selection and determination of elder couples who are able to produce the best hybrids at issue in the assembly of hybrid varieties. The selection can be based on the value of combining ability and heterosis. The research involved two experiments, namely: (1) formation of populations by crossing F1 dialel, (2) Estimation of population genetic parameters F1 chili against bacterial wilt with the analysis of cross-dialel. The first experiment aims to obtain the F1 population chili combined result of crossing with cross dialel method. this experiment obtained 10 cross combinations to be used in subsequent experiments (PBC 473 x Jatilaba ,PBC 473 x 02094, PBC 473 x Randu, PBC 473 × PBC 67MC5, Jatilaba x 02094, Jatilaba x Randu, Jatilaba x PBC 67MC5, 02094 x Randu, 02094 x PBC 67MC5, and Randu x PBC 67MC5). The second experiment aims at 1) Predicting combining ability, and the value of heterosis character chilli resistance against bacterial wilt in a population of F1 and 2) Select F1 population which has high specific combining ability and heterosis both in the character of resistance to bacterial wilt chili. In the second experiment used a population half dialel five genotypes chili (PBC 473, Jatilaba, 02094, Randu and PBC 67MC5) with disease incidence as a parameter.. Based on experimental, results obtained information that the population of F1 hybrid has a range susceptible - resistant. There are seven F1-resistant populations, PBC 473x Jatilaba, PBC 473 x 02094, PBC 473 × PBC 67MC5, Jatilaba x 02 094, Jatilaba x Randu, Jatilaba x PBC 67MC5, and 02094 x Randu. Two F1 populations that have moderately resistant response, PBC 473 x Randu and 02094 x PBC 67MC5, and one that has the F1 population response moderately susceptible, Randu x PBC 67MC5. Value of general affinity (DGU) are high on PBC 67MC5 Genotype and Randu. There are seven combinations of crosses (F1) which shows the value of a good specific combining ability. Selection of combinations of crosses (F1) best response based on resistance to bacterial wilt, a specific combining and heterosis. Five combinations of crosses (F1) as a candidate for a hybrid chilli varieties that are resistant to bacterial wilt that is PBC 473 x Jatilaba, PBC 473 × PBC 67MC5, Jatilaba x Randu, Jatilaba x PBC 67MC5, and 02094 x Randu.
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