KERUSAKAN LINGKUNGAN GLOBAL
Kerusakan di Bumi Bencana yang sering terjadi di belahan dunia ini seperti tsunami, angin puting beliung, semakin panasnya suhu bumi (global warming), terjadinya banjir , banjir pasang/ kenaikan pasang air laut/rob,longsor berjangkitnya berbagai wabah penyakit dan sebagainya
Allah telah “murka” karena ulah manusia sehingga perlu memberikan adzab yang pedih kepada manusia. Benarkah demikian ?.
Apakah Allah SWT sudah tidak Rahman dan Rahim lagi ?? Ar Rum ayat 41: “ Telah nampak kerusakan di darat dan di laut disebabkan karena ulah manusia ..“
Jenis Kerusakan • Penipisan Lapisan Ozon – (ozon depleting substances)
• Pemanasan/Perubahan Iklim Global – (green house gas)
• Toksifikasi Global – (hazardous substances, air/water/soil pollution)
Produksi Ozon dan Lapisan Pelindung
PENIPISAN LAPISAN OZON
ftp://jwocky.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/eptoms/images/qcplots/zmqchl_v8.png
Konvensi, Protokol ttg Ozon
Pemanasan/Perubahan Iklim Global
PELAJARAN HIDUP 1
klik
persahabatan
• Kenaikan suhu Bumi • Penyebab dominan gas CO2
The Greenhouse Effect Without
With
Simulasi Analogi Efek Rumah kaca
Kontribusi GRK Terhadap Pemanasan Global Gas
______%__
Carbon dioxide
57
Chlorofluorocarbons
25
Methane
12
Nitrous oxides
6
Kontribusi Aktivitas Manusia Activity
Percent contribution
Energy use
49
Industrial
24
Deforestrasi
14
Pertanian
13
Effects of global warming • More carbon dioxide increase in plant growth. • The increase in temperature rise in sea level from melting glaciers and polar ice caps (adds 0.2 mm annually) • Rising temperatures will also cause drier conditions in many important agricultural regions.
GLOBAL WARMING : Sea Life Coral Reef Bleaching Change in temperature and elevated sea level cause loss of algae in the coral. Coral appears white, or “bleached.” Result is mass death of sea animals, which are dependent on the coral reef. The penguin population near Antarctica has been declining as the distance between them and their food has increased.
Rising Sea levels • The rise of temperature, even to a few degrees, could lead to the melting of ice shelves that hold back glaciers. This results in rising sea levels • The Larsen area of North Antarctic, South of Chili and Argentina have lost more than 5,200 sq miles of area.
The Effects of Global Warming on Land animals • Global warming can disrupt the migration, hibernation and reproductive cycles of certain types of animals. • Plants and animals will find it hard to escape or adjust to the effects of warming because humans occupy so much land. • Farmland or cities interrupt the movement of species between habitats.
Health & Global Warming
.
- Extreme temperatures can directly cause the loss of life (ex: 35,000 people died during heat wave in Europe, Aug‘03.) - Warmer weather provides an ideal breeding environment for mosquitoes. Diseases such as West Nile will be more common.
Health & Global Warming (cont.) High temperature can increase pollution of water and air, which harms the human body.
.
Tropical Diseases – Global Warming increases drought which lessens the supply of clean drinking water. • Cholera
– It increases temperature providing an ideal breeding environment for mosquitoes. • Dengue fever • Malaria • Yellow fever
El Niño Effect • Severe oceanic/atmospheric disturbance, every 7-14 yrs (“the child”) • Warm surface waters suppress cold, nutrient-rich upwelling of the Humboldt Current • Fall in the number of plankton – Wreaks havoc upon the entire ocean food chain – Devastates the fishing industry
FAKTOR KONVERSI BAHAN BAKAR KE CO2 Nilai Energi
Faktor Konversi
Kg CO2
.. kWh listrik
x 0,43
…..
.. liter LPG
x 1,50
…..
.. ton batu bara
x 2,457
…..
.. liter bensin
x 2,32
.....
.. liter solar
x 2,63
…..
.. liter MFO
x 3,223
….. Simple Carbon Calculator
EFISIENSI ENERGI Ordinary Bulbs
CFLs
40W
7 - 10W
60W
15 -18W
100W
20 - 25W
150W
32W
Toksifikasi Global
• Terdistribusinya bahan kimia berbahaya dan beracun di masyarakat tanpa mengetahui tingkat bahaya dan toksisitasnya • Tesebarnya bahan kimia berbahaya hasil pembakaran, proses baik ke udara maupun ke perairan • Penggunaan bahan kimia tidak ramah lingkungan (tanah)
Composition of the Atmosphere Gas
Formula
Percent by volume
Nitrogen
N2
78.08
Oxygen
O2
20.94
Argon
Ar
0.934
Carbon dioxide
CO2
0.033
Neon
Ne
0.00182
Helium
He
0.00052
Methane
CH4
0.00015
Krypton
Kr
0.00011
Hydrogen
H2
0.00005
Nitrous oxide
N2O
0.00005
Xenon
Xe
0.000009
Note: average for dry, clean air
Air Pollutants
Carbon monoxide (CO) colorless,
odorless, non-irritating poison attaches to hemoglobin; reduces oxygen carrying capacity results in headaches, drowsiness and asphyxiation
Hydrocarbons (HC) denotes
a large group of volatile organic compounds some are carcinogens, poison etc.
Air Pollutants (cont.)
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) colorless
corrosive gas respiratory irritant and poison can result in H2SO4
Particulates Matter (PM) small
pieces of solid or liquid materials dispersed in the atmosphere 0.005-100 µm reduction in visibility, respiratory problems
Air Pollutants (cont.)
Nitrogen Oxides (NO2) critical
component for smog formation compounds acid precipitation problems
Photochemical Oxidants products
of secondary atmospheric reactions driven by solar energy e.g., O3, PAN, acrolein strong oxidants, eye irritant etc. O H3C C O O
H2C CH C
H
Na Acrolein
Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN)
O
Air Pollutants (cont.)
Lead (Pb) released
as metal fumes or suspended particles major source was leaded gasoline
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) generally
considered non-toxic and innocuous not listed as air pollutant increasing concentrations have been related to global warming
Air Pollutants (cont.) Classification Air Pollutants
Criteria Pollutants
Non-Criteria Pollutants
PM10
CO
SOX
Hydro Carbons
Lead
Ozone
NOX
Hazardous Air Pollutants pose a variety of health effects e.g. irritation, asphyxia etc.
Toxic Air Pollutants focuses on physiological response e.g. toxicity
