Jurnal KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN, Vol.19, No.1, April 2005 DAFTAR ISI DINAMIKA SILIKA SERTA METODE DETEKSINYA PADA DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI Silica Dynamics and Its Detection Method in Watershed Area Suhatmono, Budi I. Setiawan, M. Yanuar J. Purwanto, Hidayat Pawitan MODEL JARINGAN SYARAF TIRUAN UNTUK PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KETIMUN MINI (Cucumis sativus L. Var. Marla) PADA FASE VEGETATIF A Model of Vegetative Stage of Baby Cucumber Using Artificial Neural Network Tamrin, K. B. Seminar, H. Suhardiyanto, S. Hardjoamidjodjo KAJIAN SISTEM PENGATURAN AKUMULASI CO2 DALAM PEMATANGAN BUATAN (ARTIFICIAL RIPENING) BUAH PISANG AMBON (Musa Paradisiaca L.) Sutrisno, Rokhani Hasbullah, Sugiyono, Yani Nurul Aini KINERJA MESIN BUDIDAYA SAYURAN DAN PALAWIJA DI LAHAN KERING Field Performance of Farm Machinery for Vegetables and Secondary Crops in Upland Farming Wawan Hermawan, Desrial, Nurdin Ahmadi RANCANG BANGUN PENUKAR PANAS PADA EVAPORATOR MESIN PEMBEKU TIPE HEMBUSAN UDARA Design of Heat Exchanger as Evaporator of an Air Blast Freezer Chandra Damis W., Armansyah H. Tambunan POLA PENYEBARAN ALIRAN AIR DI DALAM TUBUH MODEL TANGGUL DENGAN BAHAN TANAH LATOSOL DARMAGA, BOGOR Water Flow Pattern in a Model of Embankment with Latosol Soil Material at Darmaga, Bogor Erizal, Ahmad Yusron Latif ANALISIS GAYA PEMOTONGAN SPESIFIK PARENKHIM PELEPAH DAN BATANG TANDAN SAWIT Analysis on Specific Cutting force of Palm Oil Leaf stem and fruits stem Parenchyma Yazid Ismi Intara, I Nengah Suastawa, Radite Praeko Agus Setiawan
Jurnal KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN, Vol.19, No.1, April 2005 Review DINAMIKA SILIKA SERTA METODE DETEKSINYA PADA DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI Silica Dynamics and Its Detection Method in Watershed Area Suhatmono1, Budi I. Setiawan2, M. Yanuar J. Purwanto3, Hidayat Pawitan4 Abstract Silica is categorized as a non-dangerous element. Usually it is needed by certain microorganism and consumed by certain plant. However, its presence could be potentially harmful for natural water environment. Water body with silica concentration level at more than the ambient level could be harmful. In addition, water with silica concentration level less than the ambient level can not be utilized to support certain organisms or certain plant life. In applying the approach model of sedimentation, silica can be charged as a part of sediment. In addition, silica element is potential to be employed in the model of catchments hydrology in order to determine its behavior in water flow. In this paper, silica dynamics regarding with its environmental parameters will basically be reviewed. The detection of the behavior of silica in catchments scale and the developed method of detection will also be outlined. Keywords: silica, water, catchments, model sedimentation, model hydrology, detection method. 1
Program Studi Ilmu Keteknikan Pertanian, Sekolah Pasca Sarjana IPB, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian IPB Bogor.
[email protected]. 2 Center for Research on Engineering Application in Tropical of Agriculture (CREATALP), IPB PO BOX 220 Bogor 16002.
[email protected]. 3 Program Diploma Teknik Pengelolaan Lahan dan Air, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian IPB Bogor.
[email protected] dan
[email protected] 4 Program Studi Agrometeorologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, IPB-Bogor.
[email protected]
Jurnal KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN, Vol.19, No.1, April 2005 Technical Paper MODEL JARINGAN SYARAF TIRUAN UNTUK PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KETIMUN MINI (Cucumis sativus L. Var. Marla) PADA FASE VEGETATIF A Model of Vegetative Stage of Baby Cucumber Using Artificial Neural Network Tamrin1, K. B. Seminar2, H. Suhardiyanto, S. Hardjoamidjodjo Abstract A model of how a plant reacts to their micro climate is of great importance to control the physical micro climate around the plant and to other major input problems (such as nutrition intake). Artificial neural network (ANN) can be utilized to model a plant reaction to their microclimate in a more objective fashion by applying the ANN to measured data, and not from a pre-assumed model structure. This paper discusses a model of the plant response (the ratio of canopy area-stem diameter of baby cucumber) and the loss of nutrition solution as output and nutrition solution intake and microclimate (temperature, humidity, and irradiation) as input by using artificial neural network of dynamic response. The efficiency model (EI) and the average of percentage of deviation (APD) in training for the ratio of canopy-stem diameter was 95% ± 1.3%; and the loss of nutrition solution was 99% ± 4.9%. Whereas, in validation, the ratio of canopy-stem diameter was 93% ± 0.62%; and the loss of nutrition solution was 96% ± 0.43%. The results showed that the ANN model of dynamic response had good agreement in predicting the plant response and the loss of nutrition solution based on nutrition solution intake and microclimate. The method of capturing of cucumber image and image processing software has been successfully developed for predicting canopy area of the plant. Keywords: image processing, plant response, nutrition solution, microclimate, artificial neural networks 1
Mahasiswa Doktoral Departemen Teknik Pertanian FATETA-IPB & staf pengajar Program Studi Teknik Pertanian, FAPERTA-UNSRI. 2 Staf Pengajar Departemen Teknik Pertanian, FATETA-IPB
Jurnal KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN, Vol.19, No.1, April 2005 Technical Paper KAJIAN SISTEM PENGATURAN AKUMULASI CO2 DALAM PEMATANGAN BUATAN (ARTIFICIAL RIPENING) BUAH PISANG AMBON (Musa Paradisiaca L.) Sutrisno1, Rokhani Hasbullah, Sugiyono2, Yani Nurul Aini3 Abstract Traditionally, ripening has been conducted quickly and uniformly for fruit maturity by adding certain matters such as smoke and carbide. However, the quality of the ripening was not good and its maturity is not measurable. Fuzzy logic controller was used to control CO2 accumulation in the ripening room in order not to exceed the normal boundary (5%), because higher CO2 content will produce higher ethylene. The aim of this study was to develop CO2 accumulation system control in the ripening process. Ambon banana was used as the material of the experiment. The first air in the ripening room was circulated into a tube containing calcified lime as CO2 absorber. The fan speed for regulating air circulation was controlled by means of fuzzy logic controller. If CO2 accumulation was higher than the set point (5%), the fan speed was increased in order to suck the air out of the ripening room. The concentration of CO2 was then lowered to the set point again. The parameters used for quality determination were weight loses, hardness, soluble solid content, colors of fruit, and maturity index. Ripening with fuzzy logic controller and the CO2 absorber that made of calcified lime (with absorption effectiveness equal to 0.13 %/min) could maintain the CO2 concentration near the set point of 5%, with measurement error of 0.34 and correlation of regression (r) of 0.72. The values showed no significant difference between simulation and measurement. Keywords: ripening, banana, CO2 accumulation, fuzzy logic controller 1
Staf Pengajar dan Peneliti Departemen Teknik Pertanian FATETA-IPB, PO Box 220 Bogor 16002,
[email protected] 2 Mahasiswa Sekolah Pascasarjana IPB, Jl. Puspa No.1 Kampus IPB Darmaga Bogor,
[email protected]. 3 Alumni Departemen Teknik Pertanian FATETA-IPB
Jurnal KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN, Vol.19, No.1, April 2005 Technical Paper KINERJA MESIN BUDIDAYA SAYURAN DAN PALAWIJA DI LAHAN KERING Field Performance of Farm Machinery for Vegetables and Secondary Crops in Upland Farming Wawan Hermawan1, Desrial, Nurdin Ahmadi Abstract A case study was conducted to support the farm machinery management system of Demonstration Farm for the Integrated Agriculture Development of upland area in Tenjo Sub-district, Bogor Regency. The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate tractor and its equipment for efficient farm operations, i.e., soil tillage and planting of vegetables and secondary crops in upland farming. The selected appropriate farm machinery for each farm operation was then tested to get its field performance. The test results showed that most of the machinery has high efficiency (field efficiency more than 70%). However, the field efficiency of machinery such as F505 four-wheel tractor on plowing and Kukje KTN 100SE power tiller on harrowing was less than 70%. The tractors and their implements available for the Demonstration Farm gave good performances in tillage and planting operations for upland farming. The machinery could prepare suitable seedbeds and ridges for the cultivation of vegetables and secondary crops. Keywords: tillage machinery, tractor performance, cultivation of vegetables and secondary crops, upland farming. 1
Departemen Teknik Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Kampus IPB Darmaga, PO Box 220 Bogor 16002
Jurnal KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN, Vol.19, No.1, April 2005 Technical Paper RANCANG BANGUN PENUKAR PANAS PADA EVAPORATOR MESIN PEMBEKU TIPE HEMBUSAN UDARA Design of Heat Exchanger as Evaporator of an Air Blast Freezer Chandra Damis W., Armansyah H. Tambunan1 Abstract Design of evaporator as an element of heat exchanger in an air blast type freezer strongly influences the freezing air temperature. A good calculation procedure is necessary in helping the determination of the heat exchanger parameters at a given operational condition. This research is aimed to design and construct a heat exchanger for evaporator based on theoretical approach. Calculation procedure was developed and analyzed using the experimental data in order to determine the effective length of the evaporator and distribution of the refrigerant’s mass rate along the evaporator. The results show that calculation is better to be based on the heat load of the air and the product to be frozen. The measured capacity was 252.9 W, even though in the calculation it was set to 1000 W. The evaporator was constructed in six passes type heat exchanger, with an effective length of 16.1 m. The refrigerant flow rate distribution along the evaporator was varied from 0.59 g/s at the first pass (first cycle), 0.38 g/s at the third pass (second cycle), and 0.25 g/s at the sixth pass (fourth cycle). The result showed that the refrigerant was flowing in the nearest pipe from the inlet of the evaporator. Key words: six passes type heat exchanger, refrigerant mass flow rate distribution. 1
Departemen Teknik Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
[email protected]
Jurnal KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN, Vol.19, No.1, April 2005 Technical Paper POLA PENYEBARAN ALIRAN AIR DI DALAM TUBUH MODEL TANGGUL DENGAN BAHAN TANAH LATOSOL DARMAGA, BOGOR Water Flow Pattern in a Model of Embankment with Latosol Soil Material at Darmaga, Bogor Erizal1, Ahmad Yusron Latif2 Abstract Landslide usually occurs in an embankment area. The occurrence of sliding starts with the existence of seepage and is continued by sufosi (piping). The Sufosi will cause boiling and decrease the stability of the embankment. To prevent the occurrence of piping, it is important to analyze the water flow in the embankment. The objectives of this research were to analyze the water flow and to study the seepage pattern in embankment by the use of a model. Phreatic line is the line representing the boundary of water current at embankment. The form of the line is a parabolic curve with deviations at downstream and upstream. At upstream, this line cuts vertically at the intersection between water surface and embankment. While at downstream, the deviation will result in a wet zone (a). The research was conducted using embankment model in the form of a box with the dimension of 150 cm x 50 cm x 30 cm. The material of embankment was Darmaga latosol soil with permeability of 2.4 x 10-3 cm/s, pF of 2.59, moisture content of 33.5 %, and dry density of 0.879 g/cm3. The determination of the phreatic line was conducted using graphic analysis, observation, and GEO-SLOPE computer program. The result obtained from the graphic analysis shows that the form of the phreatic line is parabolic with a value of 12.2 cm. While from the observation it was found that the value of a was 17.6 cm, which was not significantly different from the result obtained by using the GEO-SLOPE program, i.e., 18.45 cm. The difference value obtained from graphic analysis is caused by the ignorance of the parameter of soil permeability, pF and density. Key words: Embankment, model, seepage, phreatic line, wet zone, soil compaction. 1
Staf pengajar pada Departemen Teknik Pertanian, FATETA – IPB, Kampus IPB Darmaga, PO BOX 220 Bogor. 2 Mahasiswa S1 pada Departemen Teknik Pertanian, FATETA – IPB, Kampus IPB Darmaga, PO BOX 220 Bogor.
Jurnal KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN, Vol.19, No.1, April 2005 Technical Paper ANALISIS GAYA PEMOTONGAN SPESIFIK PARENKHIM PELEPAH DAN BATANG TANDAN SAWIT Analysis on Specific Cutting force of Palm Oil Leaf stem and fruits stem Parenchyma Yazid Ismi Intara1, I Nengah Suastawa2, Radite Praeko Agus Setiawan Abstract An approach which could be conducted in developing harvesting machinery of oil palm fruits was used to analyze the cutting mechanism of the parenchyma of leaf and fruit stems. The analyses would provide the basic parameters for cutting the leaves and fruits efficiently. The specific cutting force of the leaves and fruits was analyzed to obtain the relation between the mechanical properties and the parameters of the cutting edge such as the cutting angle (θ), sharpness angle (β), and a symmetrical and un-symmetrical knifes. Mathematical models had been developed and validated by direct measurements conducted in this study. The results of the study showed that the lowest maximum force was obtained from the symmetrical knife of θ = 30o and β = 10o, while the highest maximum was obtained from the un-symmetrical knife of θ = 0o and β = 20o. The greater the β angle, the higher the maximum force of cutting was; and the greater the θ angle, the lower its maximum specific cutting force was. The parameter of the symmetrical knife showed that the maximum cutting force was lower compared to that of the un-symmetrical knife. Keywords: Mechanical properties, mathematical modeling, specific cutting force, oil palm. 1
Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Mulawarman, Kalimantan Timur Departemen Teknik Pertanian, FATETA, IPB. Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor. PO BOX 220, Bogor 16002, email:
[email protected]. 2
