. Jatna Supriatna AIPI-Komisi Ilmu Dasar
Dua Kunci Strategi Dalam Mengirangi Dampak Perubahan Iklim • MITIGASI = mengurangi dan mencegah penyebab perubahan iklim dengan mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca • ADAPTASI = melakukan penyesuaian diri untuk mengatasi dampak perubahan iklim yang telah terjadi
Climate Change
Tasi Adaptasi tation
Ibnu Sofian 2012
Climate change
Accurate projection
Science Basis
Bad climate projection
Wrong adaptation
Adaptation strategy Maladaptation
Underadaptation
Overadaptation
Dampak Perubahan Iklim terhadap kehidupan manusia • Meningkatnya kerentanan terhadap bencana terutama daerah kepulauan dan pesisir) • Meningkatnya penyebaran penyakit (Malaria, DBD, dll) • Keterancaman ketersediaan makanan dan air bersih
GREEN LIFESTYLE ENERGY CARE Pe duli Ene rgi
EARTH CARE
PEMANFAATAN PENCAHAAYAAN DAN PENGHAWAAN ALAMI YANG OPTIMAL
APLIKASI PERLENGKAPAN SANITAIR HEMAT AIR
Pe duli Lingkunga n
HEALTH CARE Pe duli Hi dup Se hat
PENANAMAN TANAMAN PENEDUH DAN PENGUNDANG SATWA
RANGKA ATAP DENGAN ZINCALLUM
MENGGUNAKAN “BIOSEPTIC” UNTUK PENAMPUNGAN DAN PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH PADAT
PEMAKAIAN KUSEN ALUMINIUM PADA PINTU DAN JENDELA
PEMAKAIAN CAT BERBAHAN DASAR AIR
PEMILIHAN WARNA TERANG PADA DINDING DAN PLAFOND
MEMINIMALISASI PENGGUNAAN ASPAL PADA JALAN LINGKUNGAN
PEMAKAIAN ANTI RAYAP DENGAN KADAR BAHAN KIMIA RENDAH
PEMAKAIAN LAMPU PJU DENGAN SISTEM OTOMATIS (TIMER SWITCH)
BIOPORI SEBAGAI RESAPAN AIR HUJAN
TINGGI PLAFON YANG OPTIMAL
AREA HIJAU YANG LEBIH BANYAK
PEMAKAIAN LAMPU HEMAT ENERGI PENEMPATAN TITIK LAMPU YANG OPTIMAL
PEMAKAIAN KERAMIK SEBAGAI PENUTUP LANTAI LOW MAINTENANCE
PEMILAHAN SAMPAH ORGANIK DAN NON ORGANIK
Hemat energi
Public Transportation
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Green Building
Menanam Pohon
Case Study: Offsets generated will be used by Marriott to go carbon neutral. They are also offering consumers an opportunity to offset their emissions Marriot is investing in protection of a 1.4 million acre (589,000 hectares) Juma Sustainable Development reserve, an area rich in biodiversity. Marriott is also using this investment to communicate other parts of their sustainability strategy, which includes: •Water, Waste and Energy –Reduce fuel and water consumption by 25 percent per available room over the next 10 years, and install solar power at up to 40 hotels by 2017. •Supply Chain -Engage the company’s top 40 vendors to supply price-neutral greener products across 12 categories of its $10 billion supply chain •Construction - Empower hotel development partners to site, design and construct new hotels according to green standards by updating Marriott design guidelines in line with the U.S. Green Building Council’s LEED standards.
Case Study: FIJI Water uses offsets to meet their internal carbon neutral commitment and showcase its commitment to the hotspot where it sources its product: Viti Levu, Fiji. FIJI Water’s sustainable growth plan includes: •A reduction of CO2 across its entire product lifecycle (25% by 2010); •A commitment to renewable energy. By 2010, 50% of FW’s energy will come from renewable sources like wind to power their bottling facility in Fiji and bio-diesel to replace traditional fuels used in transportation • A reduction in product packaging and waste •Investment in a forest carbon project in Viti Levu, to offset its 2008 emissions plus an additional 20%, thus making them “Carbon Negative in 2008”
Case Study: Sustainable Travel International™ is a non-profit whose mission is to promote sustainable tourism development by providing programs that help travelers and tourism-related companies protect the environmental, socio-cultural and economic values of the places they visit, and the planet at large. STI offers its customers and corporate clients the opportunity to offset their emissions Conservation International is currently an offset provider; we provide them information on our projects and have a pre-negotiated pricing plan. For their client, Continental Airlines, customers can offset their emissions and donations go to a portfolio of projects (CI’s program in the default). The partnership is simple for us in terms of time and effort (STI does most of the marketing, contract negotiations, and relationship management). We simply get a donation every quarter. Currently, donations are low quantity.
PT Gunung Sewu Kencana -23.000 ha perkebunan nanas dan pengolahan konsentrat
menjadikan nanas kalengan (40% concentrated juice) di Lampung • Zero Carbon Emission: -nihil sampah—pakan sapi- -kotoran sapi ---biofertlizer--pupuk dan biogas---energi (berganti dari batubara) dan kembali jadi pupuk organik -Water Recycle ---pengaturan air----menaikan hasil panen -cetificate green product
Sumber Husodo Angkosubroto 2012
Upaya Masyarakat • Mengenal dampak: 1. Keterancaman terhadap makanan—ikan di laut sehubungan dengan el nino/la nina---acidification dan warming---kerusakan terumbu karang— kematian ikan. 2. Pertanian—Panganan pokok seperti padi--ketahanan, early warning cuaca, diversifikasi, penyakit, air dan lainnya. 3. Lingkungan—banjir/kekeringan, penyakit, cuaca ekstrim, dan lainnya
• Memperkuat kesiapan masyarakat dengan memperkuat sistem sosiokultural adaptif • Diversifikasi energi, pangan, papan, dam lainnya
Flooding in Bukit Lawang killed >200 people November 2003
Before
After
Contoh Petani di Indramayu (Winarto dkk dari UI- Climate Field School) • Memberikan pengertian mengenai Perubahan Iklim seperti el nino dan la nina serta dampakny • Membimbing untuk memprakirakan keadaaan cuaca secara sederhana dan Sistim Peringatan dini • Memfasilitasi dalam pembuatan alat untuk berbagai keperluan seperti alat pengukur curah hujan, pengertian akan adanya outbreak penyakit padi, mengetahui prediksi keadaan air, dan lainnya • Diseminasi dan tata kelola masyarakat petani dalam menghadapi dampak perubahan iklim
Climate Change and its Unusual Risks • La Niňa 2009 followed by El Niňo 2009 & La Niňa 2010— 2011: rain – prolonged drought – continuous rain for 3—4 consecutive planting seasons. • Wet Dry season 2009: continuous rains “The rains in April are usually pral-pril, why are the rains now bar-ber like in December?” (April 2009). • October 2009: prolonged drought – long dry spell “We used to have rains in October, but why are there no rains at all this month?” (October 2009). • Wet Dry season 2010: continuous intense rains “It is very strange that we have continuous rains in this dry season” (July-September 2010).
El Niňo 2009: delayed planting & dry reservoir Central-South of Indramayu Photos by Winarto, 2009
North coast of Indramayu October 2009
La Niňa 2010—2011: sudden & continuous rainfall Hopperburn in Indramayu, West Java, early 2010 Photo by Nurahayu, 2010
Hopperburn in Klaten, Central Java, early 2011 Photo by Nurhaga, 2011
Farmers learning to be rainfall observers
Assisting farmers measuring rainfall Explaining puzzling phenomena
Raingauge, Farmer’s observation Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, 2009
Jakarta: Flood and Sea Level Rise 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
29 Mei 2008 A
30 Mei 2008 A
4 Juni 2008 A
Teluk Jakarta
Desember
November
Oktober
September
Agustus
Juli
Juni
Mei
April
Maret
Februari
<0.10 ~0.25 ~0.50 ~0.75 ~1.0 ~1.5 ~2.5 ~ 5.0 ~7.5 ~10.0 >10
Januari
%
Mean algal bloom occurrence from 2004 to 2008
607!00! ! LS
Sediadi 2011
Klorofil-a (mg/m3)
SEBARAN BANJIR TAHUN 2002 DI WILAYAH JAKARTA
106058! 30! ! BT
U KETERANGAN: : tergenang >30% dari luas wilayah, selama > 60 jam, tinggi genangan > 150 cm : tergenang 20-30% dari luas wilayah, selama 40-60 jam, tinggi genangan 120150 cm : tergenang 10-20% dari luas wilayah, selama 10-40 jam, tinggi genangan 90120 cm : tergenang < 5-10% dari luas wilayah, selama 8-10 jam, tinggi genangan 90 cm
106040! 30! ! BT 6024!00! ! LS Sumber : 1. Peta dasar Dinas Tata Kota DKI Jakarta, tahun 2000 2. Dileniasi Peta Interpretasi Citra dan Peta Dasar
: beberapa tempat (dekat sungai) terlewati air limpasan, < 1 jam Nama Sungai 1. Mokervart 5. Grogol 9. Cipinang 2. Angke 6. Ciliwung 10. Sunter 3. Pabuaran 7. Jatikramat 11. Pabuaran 4. Sekretaris 8. Kalibaru 12. Cakung 13. Cilincing
Flooding area in Jakarta Tarsoen 2010
2010
Susandi 2009 a modelling with 1 m SLR in 2050, 2000 island disappeared
2050 Tanjung Priok
“Giant sea wall plan” in collaboration with Rotterdam
North Source: Susandi et al, 2006
Research for SLR and Coastal Ecosystem in Jakarta by RCCC UI 1. Collaboration with DNPI that has already carried out SLR modeling in Jakarta to understand social change, economy, ecology, and vulnerability on health 2. In collaboration with local Government to further understand policy and plan to mitigate and adapt to the predicted SLR 3. Understanding Governor plan to build “Giant Sea Wall” which will cost USD 20 billion in anticipating flood, storm surges, coastal subsidence, Sea intrusion, high tide plus SRL 4. Looking for further collaboration on researches with APRU members: Regional and city planning, Health issues, Social and economy and Marine Ecology.
Sekian dan Terima Kasih
