International Cooperation on Combating Corruption By Irene Putrie (Senior Prosecutor)
TUGAS KPK (Pasal 6 UU 30/2002)
Koordinasi
Pasal 7 Koordinasi dengan instansi yang berwenang melakukan pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi;
Supervisi
Pasal 8 Supervisi terhadap instansi yang berwenang melakukan pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi;
Penyelidikan, Penyidikan, Penuntutan
Pasal 11 Melakukan penyelidikan, penyidikan, dan penuntutan terhadap tindak pidana korupsi;
Pencegahan
Pasal 13
Monitor
Pasal 14
Melakukan tindakan- Melakukan monitor tindakan pencegahan terhadap tindak pidana korupsi penyelenggaraan pemerintahan negara.
Kewenangan KPK
1
Koordinasi (Pasal 7)
2
Supervisi (Psl 8)
• • • •
Mengkoordinasikan kegiatan penindakan TPK; Menetapkan sistem pelaporan dan meminta informasi tentang kegiatan pemberantasan TPK. Melaksanakan pertemuan dengan instansi lain terkait pemberantasan TPK; Menerima laporan instansi lain tentang pencegahan TPK.
• Melakukan pengawasan, penelitian, atau penelaahan terhadap instansi yang bertugas melakukan pemberantasan TPK dan pelayanan publik; • Mengambil alih penyidikan atau penuntutan terhadap pelaku TPK yang sedang ditangani oleh kejaksaan dan kepolisian.
Kewenangan KPK • •
3
• • •
Penyelidikan, Penyidikan, dan Penuntutan
• • • •
Menyadap dan merekam pembicaraan; Memerintahkan kepada instansi terkait untuk melarang seseorang bepergian ke luar negeri; Meminta keterangan kepada bank atau lembaga keuangan lainnya tentang keadaan keuangan tersangka atau terdakwa; Memerintahkan kepada bank atau lembaga keuangan lainnya untuk memblokir rekening yang diduga hasil dari korupsi; Memerintahkan kepada atasan tersangka untuk memberhentikan sementara tersangka; Meminta data kekayaan atau perpajakan tersangka atau terdakwa kepada instansi terkait; Menghentikan sementara suatu transaksi, perjanjian lainnya, atau pencabutan sementara perizinan yang dilakukan atau dimiliki tersangka atau terdakwa; Meminta bantuan Interpol; Meminta bantuan kepolisian atau instansi lain untuk melakukan penangkapan, penahanan, penggeledahan, dan penyitaan dalam perkara TPK.
Korupsi yang Ditangani KPK (Pasal 11) KPK berwenang melakukan penyelidikan, penyidikan, dan penuntutan tindak pidana korupsi yang:
1
Melibatkan aparat penegak hukum, penyelenggara negara, dan orang lain yang ada kaitannya dengan tindak pidana korupsi yang dilakukan oleh aparat penegak hukum atau penyelenggara negara.
2
Mendapat perhatian yang besar dari masyarakat dan mengakibatkan keresahan. .
3
Menyangkut kerugian keuangan negara paling sedikit Rp1 Miliar.
Penyelenggara Negara (Pasal 2 UU No. 28/1999)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Pejabat negara pada Lembaga Tertinggi Negara Pejabat Negara pada Lembaga Tinggi Negara Menteri Gubernur Hakim Pejabat Negara lain sesuai ketentuan perundang-undangan Pejabat lain yang memiliki fungsi strategis dalam kaitannya dengan penyelenggaraan negara sesuai dengan ketentuan perundangundangan; yaitu Direksi, Komisaris dan pejabat struktural lainnya pada BUMN dan BUMD, pimpinan BI dan BPPN, Pimpinan PTN, Pejabat eselon I, Jaksa, Penyidik, Panitera Pengadilan, Pemimpin & Bendaharawan proyek
Nexus antara Sektor Swasta & Pemerintahan Project
Legislative
Private Sectors
(Budgeting)
(Contractor)
Executive
(Project Proposal)
Third Party (Agent)
Nexus antara Sektor Swasta & Pemerintahan Judges (Justice)
Prosecutors
Criminal Justice System
Investigators
Defendant/ Parties
The Classification of Private Sectors as a Perpetrator in Corruption Cases From the nexus, we can draw 3 (three) classifications of Private Sectors as a perpetrator (doer) in Corruption Cases :
1. As a conspire for winning a project/bid; The private sectors can win the contract by agreeing on profit percentage to the official or own by officials or his/her network related. 2. As a bribe payer, either relates to project or ‘routine payment’ 3. As a third party/agent to conceal the illicit payment for the officials.
The Classification of Private Sectors as a Perpetrator in Corruption Cases (2) • In further extend, the Private Sectors play a role as a gate keeper to provide a haven for laundering the proceed of corruption conducts. • The red flag private sectors which play role as a gate keeper, include : • Financial sectors: Financial institution, investment manager, trading, money changer. • Legal sectors : Lawyer, notary, legal advisor. • Other sectors : Third Party Agent
Foreign Bribery • History: • Suap (bribe) sebagai uang pelicin dan mempermudah bisnis (1960) • Skandal Watergate 1970 an • FCPA, UKBA • UNCAC (2003) • OECD Convention
• Multinational companies
Indonesia ‘current’ Anti Corruption Law • Foreign Public Officials 'not yet' recognize as legal subject in the law; • Indonesia Anti-corruption Law criminalized: • Public Officials who receive the bribes • Any person who pays the bribes
Foreign Bribery • Foreign Bribery involves: Local Public Officials Bribe payer (Foreigner/Foreign Company Employee) • Foreign Bribery ---> Domestic Bribery (Local Public Officials as the bribe receiver)
Alstom Marubeni Accepted approximately $420,000 USD in bribes
IEM was member of Indonesian Parliament
In 2004 PLN signed a contract with A & M
Company P Coal Mine Business Contract
Indonesia Company belongs to IEM’s son. The company received “consultancy fee” from P Inc , and the payment then sent to IEM’s personal account
consultant contract & fee (facilitated the bribe payment)
14
Case Study • Multi jurisdiction cooperation: Indonesia, Japan and United States • Cooperation with Japan (MLA Process) Witness Statement, Deposition, Affidavit, Access to Attend the Witness Interview, Documents, Other Valuable Evidence
• Cooperation with US (Reciprocal Assistance)
Acces to conduct witness interview Written Witness Statement Deposition Documents and Other Valuable Evidence
Case Study 2
SRS (Director of Refinery)
O ltd (BVI)
Received bribes approx USD190K
Innospec (UK) Bank Accounts in Singapore
PT S (Indonesia)
Case Study 2 • Cooperation with UK (MLA Process) Witness Statement, Deposition, Access to conduct the Witness Interview, Documents, Other Valuable Evidence • Cooperation with Singapore (MLA Process) Affidavit, Documents, Other Valuable Evidence • Cooperation with BVI (MLA Process) Documents
International cooperation • Arrest, search • Extradition • Deportation • Freezing, seizing • confiscate
Int’l Cooperation Key Areas • Law enforcement co-operation • Joint investigations • Special investigation techniques • Special provisions for witnesses • Anti-money laundering measures • Mutual Legal Assistance (MLA) • Extradition • Training and capacity building
International Cooperation 1. International Coopeeration is a MUST; 2. Good relationship, Communication, Trust; 3. Case work meeting with Central Authority and Competent Authority Requesting Country; 4. Effective mechanisms for inter-agency coordination; 5. Adequacy resources (financial, infrastructure and human resources)
Corruption Case Handled (as of May 2016) •
112 Member of Parliaments
•
24 Ministers/Head of Ministerial Level
•
17 Provincial Governors
•
50 Mayors and Head of District/Regency
•
7 Commissioners of General Election; Judicial; Anti-Monopoly Commissions
•
4 Ambassadors (incl. former Chief National Police) and 4 Counsels General
•
1 Governor of Central Bank & 4 Deputy Governor
•
14 Judges, 6 Prosecutors and Defense Counsels, incl. KPK’s investigator
•
129 High rank Govt. Official echelon I & II (Director General, Secretary general, Deputy, Director, etc)
• 116 CEO of state owned companies and private sectors involved in public corruption •
14 Money Laundering
