INDONESIAN MARINE AQUACULTURE: HATCHERIES AND AQUACULTURE SYSTEM
Mukti Sri Hastuti
[email protected] Directorate General of Aquaculture, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries IORA Trainer’s Training Programe on Marine Aquaculture Antananavario, Madagascar on 2-3 May 2016
The Challenges • Increasing on fish demand in the national, regional, and global level; • Environmental issues (ecosystem integrity, degradation soil and water quality, fish diseases outbreak, marine conservation); • Climate change : impact to aquaculture (variability and long term impact); • Food safety and traceability; • Over carrying capacity (cage culture in public waters); • More than 80% Fish farmers in Indonesia are small scale. • Fish Genetic development to produce high quality of broodstock and SPR/SPF seed; • Global market, ASEAN Economic Community 2016; 2
GOVERNMENT POLICY “The future of Aquaculture is in the sea”
TRISAKTI (3 principles)
Sovereign in politics. • Independence in economic • Strong character in culture
•
MISION of RPJMN
To Create Indonesia as Maritime State which is to be autonomous, Modern, and Strong State based on National Importance
Vision of MMAF : “To Create Fisheries Sector to become autonomous, modern, and strong sector based on National Importance
MISION OF MMAF (3 pillars) (Sovereignity) Aquaculture in outer and border areas (Sustainability) Spatial planning, zonation, CBF, biosecurity, vaccine, etc
(Prosperity) eco-friendly and profitable technology, business partnership
1
SINERGY IN ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT
Process of aquaculture business
Sustainable aquaculture environment
Aquaculture Resources
Sustainable aquaculture business
Roles of stakeholder
Roles of government Regulation Data and information Infrastructure and facility Facilitation and technology and institutional guidance • Public Service • Stimulus (fiscal & monetary) • • • •
Market
Sinergy
• • • • • •
Investment and capital Production Processing and marketing Innovation Increased competitiveness Compliance with regulation
STRATEGIC ACTIVITY TO SUPPORT SUSTAINABILITY 4
The Opportunities • Indonesian Government promote the Aquaculture subsector contributor to national economic growth (increasing income, livelihood, food security, and prosperity); • National Aquaculture subsector program promoted by MMAF: - Develop Sustainable Aquaculture (Blue growth/Blue Economy); - Promote Integrated Aquaculture Industry (Marine, brackish water, and freshwater aquaculture); - Food safety ( National Residue Monitoring Program); - National Certification (IndoGAP:CPIB,CBIB) to ensure the quality of product comply with national and internationaL standard market requirement; - Promote environmentaly friendly technologies : - Develop National Strategy on Fish health Management (diseases surveillance, biosecurity, fish drug control, and vaccination); • Availability of resources for Aquaculture (Marine: off shore, coastal; Brackishwater, and Freshwater areas); • Promote Indonesia as Axis of Maritime of the world. 5
AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION 2011- 2015 1,540,900 1,140,988 1,137,836 938,472 945,376
Ornamental fish (000 pcs)
5,057,231 3,642,769 3,359,864 2,744,975 2,386,185
Finfish
2015* 2014 2013 11,680,053 10,076,992 9,298,474
Seaweed
6,514,854 5,170,201 729,753 639,369 642,568 415,703 372,577
Shrimp
0
6
2,000,000
*: temporary data
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
6
10,000,000
12,000,000
2012 2011
Marine Aquaculture Production, 2014 No. Species 1 Crustacean
Cage
Total
611.793
202
611.995
L. vannamei
428.905
-
428.905
P. monodon
129.231
-
129.231
15.634
-
15.634
Lobster
-
202
202
Others
38.023
-
38.023
Finfish
674.264
18.048
692.312
Grouper
1.977
11.369
13.346
Seabass
3.071
2.375
5.446
Milkfish
577.464
104
577.568
-
1.367
1.367
91.276
-
91.276
2.833
3.309
P. semisulcatus
2
Pond
Unit: Ton
Silver pompano Tilapia Others
476
3
Sea cucumber
-
650
650
4
Mollucs
-
44.394
44.394
5
Seaweed
1.105.529
10.574.524
11.680.053
Targeted Volume and Production Value from Aquaculture 2016 - 2019 35 30 11.78
25
Nilai
10.55 20 15
4.3
7.30
0
10.2
2014
10.60
2015
Rumput Laut
8.35
10 5
Ikan
9.41
11.11
2016
No. COMMODITY 1 Seaweed (million ton) 2 Fish (million ton ) Total (million Ton ) Ornamental Fish (billion pcs) Production value (Trlllion IDR)
13.39
2017
16.17
2018
19.54
2019
2016 11,1 8,4 19,5
2017 13,4 9,4 22,8
2018 16,2 10,6 26,8
2019 19,5 11,8 31,3
1,9 192,5
2,1 217,2
2,3 243,5
2,5 274,0 8
Potential Area of Mariculture and Brackishwater aquaculture Map Brakishwater: Potency – 1,3 million ha Mariculture: Potency – 8,33 million ha
ROAD MAP
Sustainable Aquaculture Development in 100 Center Area and Outer Islands (Minapolitan)
Mariculture development YEAR
Number of Regencies and Cities
Regencies and Cities
2015
11
2016
26 (15 more than the previous)
Klungkung (rumput laut), Sikka (rumput laut), Kolaka (rumput laut, udang), Bireun (udang, bandeng, kerapu), Serdang Bedagai (lele, gurame), Pesisir Selatan (kerapu), Ogan Ilir (patin), Lampung Selatan (udang), Serang (bandeng, rumput laut), Indramayu (udang, bandeng), Banjarnegara (gurame, nila), Brebes (udang), Gresik (udang vaname), Tulung Agung (lele), dan Pangkep (udang windu).
2017
50 (24 more than the previous)
Sumenep (rumput laut), Sumbawa Barat (rumput laut), Rote Ndao (rumput laut), Minahasa Utara (rumput laut), Bombana (rumput laut), Aceh Tenggara (mas , nila, lele), Kuantan Singingi, (patin, nila, mas), Pasaman (nila, mas, lele), Batanghari (patin, nila), Bengkulu Selatan (nila, mas), OKI (patin), Subang (udang), Banyumas (gurame), Demak (udang), Pati(udang), Sleman (mas, nila, lele), Blitar (ikan hias), Banyuwangi (udang), Kapuas (patin, nila), Hulu Sungai Utara (patin), Morowali (rumput laut, udang windu),, Muna (udang), Mamuju (rumput laut, udang, bandeng) dan Jeneponto (rumput laut)
2018
75 (25 more than the previous)
Lembata (rumput laut), Donggala (rumput laut), Kep. Sula (rumput laut), Aceh Timur (udang, bandeng), Limapuluh Kota (gurame), Bengkulu Utara (mas, nila, lele), OKU Timur (lele), Tulang Bawang (udang), Tangerang (udang), Karawang (udang), Boyolali (lele), Klaten (nila), Pemalang (udang), Jepara (udang, kerapu), Kendal (udang), Probolinggo (udang), Tuban (udang), Bima (udang),, Sambas (udang, bandeng), Penajam Paser Utara (bandeng), Kota Tarakan (bandeng), Gorontalo Utara (rumput laut, udang), Polewali Mandar (rumput laut), Pinrang (udang, bandeng, rumput laut), dan Takalar (rumput laut)
2019
100 (25 more than the previous)
Kota Kupang (rumput laut), Nunukan (rumput laut), Parigi Moutong (rumput laut), Tojo Una Una (rumput laut), Pidie Jaya (udang), Dharmasraya (nila), Kota Bengkulu (lele), OKU Selatan (patin), Banyuasin (patin), Belitung (kerapu), Lampung Timur (udang), Purwakarta (nila, mas, patin), Rembang (udang), Kota Pekalongan (udang), Lamongan (udang vaname), Sidoarjo (udang), Pasuruan (udang), Situbondo (udang), Singaraja (kerapu), Lombok Tengah (udang), Lombok10 Barat (nila, mas), Kutai Kertanegara (udang, bandeng), Konawe Selatan (udang, bandeng, rumput laut), Maros (udang windu) dan Bone (rumput laut)
Bintan (kerapu, rumput laut), Pesawaran (kerapu, rumput laut), Sumbawa (rumput laut), Sumba Timur (rumput laut), Kampar (patin, nila, mas), Agam (nila, mas), Muaro Jambi (patin, nila), Musi Rawas (mas, nila, lele), Bogor (lele), Banjar (patin ,nila, mas) dan Kota Jayapura (nila, mas).
Marine aquaculture Development in Indonesia (Plan : 2016-2019) ACEH Semelue
SUMBAR Pesisir Selatan
SULUT Minahasa Utara
KEPPRI Bintan
PAPUA BARAT Raja Ampat
SULTENG Parigi Moutong Tojo Una-una Donggala
PAPUA Yapen
BANGKABELITUNG Belitung SULTRA Bombana Kolaka
LAMPUNG Pesawaran DKI JAKARTA KEP. Seribu BALI Klungkung
NTB Sumbawa
MALUKU UTARA Kepulauan Sula Morotai
MALUKU Seram Bagian Barat
NTT Sumba Timur Lembata Sikka
Utilize 5.500 ha of Ocean Concervation Areas.
11
Marine aquaculture Species
Pompano
Ornmental fish
Grouper Asian Seabass Sea horse
COBIA
12
HYBRID GROUPER
CANTANG
TIKTANG
KUSTANG
CANTIK Source: Agus Suriawan & AB Muslim, 2013
GROUPER PRODUCTION PROCESS Broodstock Breeding Facility
HATCHERY (Eggs, 3 cm, 10-12 cm) 2 months
B A C
Segment I (Eggs-3 cm)
K Y A R D H
Nursery/Larva rearing
A T C H E R Y
POND/CAGE
2-3 months Segment 2 (3-10/12 cm) 6-7 months
Segment 3 (10/12 cm-500/1200 g)
Government
≈ Private Company
High Value for Seaweed Kappa Carageenan producers
Euchema cottonii
Agar producers
Gracillaria sp
Lambda Carageenan producers
Alginate producers
Haliminea sp
Sargassum
Biofuel and Pulp
Gelidium amanzii and Ptylophora sp. 15
Potential Species for Marine aquaculture
PEARL OYSTER
SEA CUCUMBER
GREEN MUSSEL
SWIMMING CRAB
ABALONE
ARTEMIA 16
Official Control on Quality Assurance and Food Safety System of Aquaculture in Indonesia
GHcP Certification
Residue Monitoring
Fish Drug Registration
GAP Certification
Fish Feed Registration
Competent Autority for Quality Assurance and Food Safety System of Fishery Product
Ministry of MAF FQIA- CA [Top Manager]
Approval Commision
Quality Manager & Deputy Manager
FQQM Body TM Certification & Laboratory TM Fish Quarantine
DG Aquaculture
DG Capture
TM Fish Health & Env
TM Fishing Harbour
TM Production (GAP Cert & Fish Feed Reg)
TM Fishing Vessel
TM Hatchery CA Prov, Lab & Quarantine Station
Delegation
PRINCIPLES of IndoGAP Biosecurity: practices to minimize the disease risk contaminating facilities and to prevent spreading from one zone to another (free-zone) Food safety: prevent contamination of biological, chemical or physical substances which are harmful for human health, from air, soil, water, seed, feed, fertilizer, and other source, in all process (pre-production, production, harvesting, handling and transportation/distribution) Environmental Friendly: minimize the impact of development and operation of aquaculture farm to the environment
CRITERIA for IndoGAP STANDARD 1. LOCATION
10. USE OF ICE and WATER
2. WATER SUPLAY
11. HARVEST
3. LAYOUT and DESIGN
12. FISH HANDLING
4. HYGIENE of FACILITIES and EQUIPMENT
13. TRANSPORTASION
5. POND PREPARATION
14. WASTE DISPOSAL
6. WATER MANAGEMENT
15. RECORD KEEPING
7. SEED 8. FISH FEED 9. FISH DRUGS, CHEMICALS & DANGEROUS SUBSTANCE
16. CORRECTIVE ACTION 17. TRAINING 18. PERSONNEL HYGIENE
Elements of IndoGAP
Proper management control on pre Production, production, post harvest, distribution.
Prevention of contamination to product: input, facilities, measures, workers.
Certification of hatchery.
Monitoring of residue & other hazardous content in product.
Traceability.
Registration of feed. Registration of fish drugs, chemical & biological substances.
IndoGAP CERTIFICATION PROCEDURE DG AQUACULTURE/Head of Provincial Fisheries Office (who received the delegation) ASSIGN AUDITORS
2
AUDIT REPORT
4
1
5
SURVEILLANCE & VERIFICATION REPORT
Issue of GAP Certificate
7
AUDITOR
Form Application
AUDIT
3
SURVEILLANCE & VERIFICATION
6
FISH/SHRIMP FARMS (Individual, Fish Farmers Group or Company)
SURVEILLANCE and VERIFICATION Surveillance is done minimum once a year by Supervisor Team – DGA; Verification is done at least a month before the certificate expires:
• Extent of GAP certificate is given if fish farms consistently implementation of GAP; • Certificate will be repeal, if the verification result, the fish farms does not consistently implementation of GAP.
NUMBER of FASILITATOR and AUDITORS Fasilitator: - Carrying out extension of GAP - There is at provincial and district levels - 630 facilitators
Auditor: - Conduct audits of GAP certification - Head Office 39 auditors, TIUs 58 auditors and province 380 auditors
Certificate Issuance • Certificate of GAP is published by DGA • Time period of certificate : a. Level I : 4 years b. Level II : 3 years c. level III : 2 Year d. Level IV : No pass and no certificate
GAP Certified of Fish/Shrimp Farms No Type of Fish Farms
Up to 2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Total
1
Individual
42
40
143
992
1,323
2,323
2,437
7,300
2
Farmer Groups
10
13
88
163
179
454
327
1,234
3
Company
72
37
25
35
34
17
32
252
124
90
256
1,190
1,536
2,794
2,796
8,786
Total
Household: 429,912d
3,000 2,500 2,000 Individual
1,500
Farmer Groups 1,000
Company
500 Up to 2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
GAP Certified of Fish Farms by Commodity (Units) No.
Commodity
2004-2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
86
38
70
94
272
320
528
463
17
67
288
335
680
592
11
17
43
18
84
3
2
398
337
657 116
758 63
118
232
207
212
18
18
1
Shrimp
2
Tilapia
-
3
Grouper
-
4
Seabass
-
5
Seaweed
-
6
Catfish
-
7
Milkfish
-
8
Carp
-
9
Gourame
-
10 Macrobrachium 11 Others Total
0 86
-
1 2 -
2
-
2
3
51
183
45
362
351
1
47
83
7
71
122
23
51
60
2
12
16
-
-
0
0
1
20
20
51
35
38
90
256
1,191
1.535
2,794
2,796
Total 1,871 1,979 173 10 972 2,175 310 550 553 66 127 8,786
Fish Hatchhery Certified, Fish Drug and Fish Feed Registered 649 units hatchery certified 77 units marine hatcheries (2015)
267 fish drug, chemical & biological substance registered (2015) 1,030 fish feed registered (2014)
Household: 24,728
Quality Fish Feed
SNI for Fish Feed
Fish Feed Registered
Number of Fish Feed Registered No
Items
1
Type
2
Company
Up to 2010 2009
2011
2012
2013 2014*) Total
185
241
155
200
149
100
1.030
-
14
23
15
29
32
64
Fish Feed Registered by Commodity No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Fish Feed by Commodity Vanammei shrimp Black tiger shrimp Eel Carp Tilapia Catf fish Pangasius Gourame Pompano Milkfish Grouper Seabass Ornamental fish Fry Lobster Broodstock Others Total
s/d 2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Total
43 2 3 19 8 21
115 20 0 13 2 14
15 7 0 3 11 19
42 8 0 29 16 28
14 0 6 6 14 24
12 1 6 4 4 9
241 38 15 74 55 115
2 8 0 5 0 0 44 3 0 0 7
0 0 9 2 0 0 52 0 0 0 14
1 1 0 7 13 9 33 7 0 0 29
5 5 0 12 7 8 29 0 8 0 3
4 4 2 7 16 4 38 6 0 0 4
2 5 0 0 4 1 17 33 0 2 0
14 23 11 33 40 22 213 49 8 2 57
185
241
155
200
149
100
1.030
Ongoing Preparation for Aquaculture Develoment • Regulation for business and invesment; • Guideline for detailed spatial planning on aquaculture; • Appropriate infrastructure; • Availability of high quality broodstock and seed; • Production system based on biotechnology; • Reliable human resources arrangement; • Processing and marketing innovation; • Innovation and develop technology for waste management. 32
