UNIVERSITAS BINA NUSANTARA Jurusan Teknik Informatika Skripsi Sarjana Komputer Semester Genap Tahun 2007
IMPLEMENTASI ASTERISK DAN GUI SEBAGAI KONFIGURATORNYA PADA SMALL OFFICE Rudi Laut
(0700733766)
Yongkie Saputra
(0700682033)
Abstrak Sistem komunikasi jaringan data yang berkembang pesat telah memungkinkan aplikasi untuk komunikasi telepon dilakukan melalui jaringan data (VoIP). SIP sebagai protokol signaling VoIP yang berbasis teks dapat diimplementasikan dengan mudah dibandingkan dengan protokol signaling lainnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan konfigurator berbasiskan GUI yang dapat membantu mempermudah konfigurasi PBX sehingga dapat dilakukan sedemikian rupa sehingga operator pada lingkup SOHO tidak bergantung pada teknisi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kepustakaan, metode analisis, dan metode perancangan. Hasil yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan suatu sistem PBX berbasis VoIP dengan SIP yang mempunyai fungsi – fungsi PBX untuk melayani kebutuhan komunikasi internal small office. Simpulan yang diperoleh adalah fungsi – fungsi PBX berjalan baik dan konfigurator yang ideal untuk lingkungan small office.
Kata kunci: PBX, Fitur PBX, VoIP, SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), LAN
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PRAKATA
Puji syukur kami panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa yang telah melimpahkan karunia dan rahmat-Nya sehingga kami dapat menyelesaikan penulisan skripsi ini,dengan judul “ IMPLEMENTASI ASTERISK DAN GUI SEBAGAI KONFIGURATORNYA PADA SMALL OFFICE” tepat pada waktunya. Skripsi ini disusun dan diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian syarat-syarat dalam penyelesaian jenjang Studi Strata-1 di Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta. Skripsi ini menerangkan latar belakang masalah atau tema topik yang kami pilih serta landasan teori yang behubungan dengan perancangan sistem. Selama penulisan skripsi, banyak bantuan dan dukungan moral yang kami terima dari berbagai pihak. Oleh karena itu penulis menyampaikan terima kasih yang setulustulusnya kepada: 1. Bapak Lukas S. Tanutama, MM., selaku Dosen Pembimbing Skripsi kami yang telah membantu dalam memberikan arahan-arahan yang sangat berharga dan bemanfaat dalam penulisan skripsi kami dari awal hingga selesai. 2. Para staf pengajar Fakultas Ilmu Komputer yang telah membekali kami dengan ilmu pengetahuan yang sangat berguna untuk sekarang dan masa depan kami. 3. Orang tua dan keluarga yang telah banyak memberikan dorongan dan semangat selama penulisan skripsi ini. 4. Semua rekan-rekan mahasiswa yang telah membantu dalam penyelesaian skripsi ini.
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5. Bapak Prof. Dr. Gerardus Polla, M.App.Sc., selaku Rektor Universitas Bina Nusantara. 6. Bapak Ir. Sablin Yusuf, M.Sc, M.ComSc., selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Komputer. 7. Bapak Freddy Purnomo, S.Kom, M.Kom sebagi seketaris Jurusan Teknik Informatika Universitas Bina Nusantara 8. Bapak Ronny Baskoro sebagai dosen instruktur Jurusan Teknik Informatika Peminatan CISCO Universitas Bina Nusantara
Penulis menyadari bahwa penulisan skripsi kami masih ada kekurangankekurangan
sehingga
dibutuhkan
saran
dan
kritik
yang
membangun
untuk
penyempurnaan skripsi ini. Akhir kata penulis berharap semoga skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat bagi pembacanya.
Jakarta, 28 Juni 2007
Penulis
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DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL LUAR...............................................................................................i HALAMAN JUDUL DALAM..........................................................................................ii HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN HARDCOVER.................................................................iii HALAMAN PERNYATAAN DEWAN PENGUJI.........................................................iv ABSTRAK........................................................................................................................vi PRAKATA.........................................................................................................................v DAFTAR ISI.....................................................................................................................ix DAFTAR TABEL........................................................................................................... xii DAFTAR GAMBAR ..................................................................................................... xiii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN................................................................................................ xviii BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................................1 1.1
Latar Belakang ...................................................................................................1
1.2
Ruang Lingkup...................................................................................................4
1.3
Tujuan dan Manfaat ...........................................................................................4
1.4
Metodologi Penelitian ........................................................................................5
1.5
Sistematika Penulisan ........................................................................................5
BAB 2 LANDASAN TEORI.............................................................................................7 2.1
Sistem Telepon...................................................................................................7
2.1.1
Operasi Telepon .........................................................................................8
2.1.2
Private Branch Exchange (PBX) ...............................................................8
2.2
Sistem Komunikasi Packet Switched .................................................................9
2.3
TCP/IP..............................................................................................................10 vii
2.3.1
Sejarah TCP/IP.........................................................................................10
2.3.2
Arsitektur TCP/IP ....................................................................................11
2.3.3
Pengalamatan TCP/IP ..............................................................................13
2.3.4
IP Subnet Mask.........................................................................................14
2.3.5
Public IP Address dan Private IP Address...............................................14
2.3.6
Infrastruktur TCP/IP ................................................................................15
2.3.6.1
Media ...................................................................................................15
2.3.6.2
Topologi Jaringan.................................................................................17
2.4
IP Telephony atau Voice Over IP (VoIP) .........................................................18
2.5
Signaling Protocol............................................................................................19
2.5.1
H.323........................................................................................................19
2.5.2
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) .............................................................20
2.5.2.1
Fungsi SIP ............................................................................................21
2.5.2.2
Komponen SIP .....................................................................................22
2.5.2.2.1
User Agent .....................................................................................22
2.5.2.2.2
Proxy Server...................................................................................23
2.5.2.2.3
Redirect Server...............................................................................24
2.5.2.2.4
Registrar Server..............................................................................25
2.5.2.2.5
Media Gateway ..............................................................................26
2.5.2.3
2.5.2.3.1
Struktur Request Message..............................................................28
2.5.2.3.2
Struktur Response Message ...........................................................29
2.5.3 2.6
Cara Kerja SIP .....................................................................................27
MGCP/H.248/Megaco .............................................................................30
Media Transfer Protocol..................................................................................31 viii
2.6.1
Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) .......................................................31
2.6.2
Coder – Decoder (CODEC).....................................................................33
2.7
Bahasa Pemrograman.......................................................................................37
2.7.1
Tingkatan Bahasa Pemograman...............................................................37
2.7.2
C Programing Language .........................................................................38
2.7.3
Qt Programing Language ........................................................................38
2.7.4
Teori Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer (IMK)........................................39
2.8
State Transition Diagram (STD) .....................................................................40
BAB 3 PERANCANGAN SISTEM ................................................................................41 3.1
Perumusan Masalah .........................................................................................41
3.2
Perancangan Sistem .........................................................................................42
3.3
Rancangan Perangkat Keras.............................................................................43
3.3.1
Server .......................................................................................................43
3.3.2
SIP User agent .........................................................................................44
3.4
Perangkat Lunak ..............................................................................................44
3.4.1
Pemilihan Piranti Lunak...........................................................................44
3.4.2
Konfigurasi Server ...................................................................................45
3.4.3
Konfigurasi Dialplan ...............................................................................45
3.4.3.1
Channel SIP .........................................................................................46
3.4.3.2
Registrasi Channel SIP ........................................................................47
3.4.3.3
Extension..............................................................................................47
3.4.3.4
Call Transfer ........................................................................................48
3.4.3.5
Call Parking .........................................................................................49 ix
3.4.3.6
Call Conference (MeetMe)...................................................................50
3.4.3.7
Voice Mail ............................................................................................51
3.4.4
Konfigurasi Jaringan ................................................................................52
3.4.5
Software Interface ....................................................................................53 3.4.5.1
Struktur Menu ..................................................................................53
3.4.5.2
STD (State Transition Diagram) .....................................................54
3.4.5.2.1
STD “Index” ..............................................................................54
3.4.5.3.2 STD “SIP”..................................................................................55 3.4.5.3.3
STD “Extension”........................................................................56
3.4.5.3.4
STD “CallConference".............................................................57
3.4.5.3.5
STD “Call Parking” .................................................................58
3.4.5.3.6
STD “Voice Mail”....................................................................59
3.4.5.3.7
STD “Custom” .........................................................................60
3.4.5.3.8
STD “Change Password” .........................................................61
3.4.5.4
Rancangan Layar..............................................................................62
3.4.5.4.1
Rancangan Tampilan Pembuka..................................................62
3.4.5.4.2
Rancangan Layar SIP.................................................................62
3.4.5.4.3
Rancangan Layar Extension.......................................................63
3.4.5.4.4
Rancangan Layar Call Conference ..........................................64
3.4.5.4.5
Rancangan Layar Call Parking................................................65
3.4.5.4.6
Rancangan Layar Voicemail ....................................................66
3.4.5.4.7
Rancangan Layar Custom ........................................................68
3.4.5.4.8
Rancangan Layar Change Password .......................................68
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BAB 4 IMPLEMENTASI DAN EVALUASI .................................................................70 4.1
Spesifikasi Sistem ............................................................................................70
4.1.1
Perangkat Keras (hardware) ....................................................................70
4.1.2
Perangkat Lunak (software) .....................................................................70
4.2
Prosedur Instalasi Sistem .................................................................................71
4.3
Prosedur Operasional Sistem ...........................................................................72
4.3.1
Sistem Server ...........................................................................................72
4.3.2
Grafik User Interface................................................................................75
4.3.3
Xlite Softphone.........................................................................................93
4.4
Pengujian Sistem..............................................................................................95
4.4.1
Skenario Pengujian Sistem.......................................................................95
4.4.1.1
Pengujian Fungsi Call Transfer ...........................................................96
4.4.1.2
Pengujian Fungsi Call Parking ............................................................97
4.4.1.3
Pengujian Fungsi Call Conference.......................................................98
4.4.1.4
Pengujian Fungsi Voice Mail ...............................................................98
4.5
Evaluasi Grafik User Interface Pada Sistem ....................................................99
4.5
Evaluasi Pencapaian Fitur PBX Pada Sistem ................................................100
BAB 5 SIMPULAN DAN SARAN...............................................................................102 5.1
Simpulan ........................................................................................................102
5.2
Saran...............................................................................................................102
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................................135 RIWAYAT HIDUP........................................................................................................137 xi
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Detail dari Protokol Panggil.............................................................................31 Tabel 2.2 CODEC ............................................................................................................34 Tabel 2.3 Pengukuran Bandwith Codec ..........................................................................36 Tabel 2.4 Pengukuran rata-rata paket per detik ..............................................................37 Tabel 4.1 Tabel Perbandingan Grafik User Interface ......................................................99 Tabel 4.2 Tabel Perbandingan PBX...............................................................................101 Tabel 4.2 Tabel Hasil Kuesioner....................................................................................101
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Perbandingan OSI Model dengan DoD model............................................11 Gambar 2.2 Protokol – protokol internet pada masing-masing layer .............................12 Gambar 2.3 Header Paket IP...........................................................................................13 Gambar 2.4 Topologi Jaringan Star ................................................................................17 Gambar 2.5 Topologi Jaringan Extended Star ................................................................17 Gambar 2.6 Topologi Jaringan Mesh ..............................................................................17 Gambar 2.7 Topologi Jaringan hierarchical...................................................................18 Gambar 2.8 Arsitektur SIP..............................................................................................22 Gambar 2.9 Operasi Proxy Server ..................................................................................24 Gambar 2.10 Operasi Redirect Server .............................................................................25 Gambar 2.11 Operasi Registrar Server............................................................................26 Gambar 2.12 Media Gateway ..........................................................................................27 Gambar 2.13 Sebuah Sesi Komunikasi SIP ....................................................................30 Gambar 2.14 Header RTP................................................................................................32 Gambar 2.15 Paket CODEC G.711 Dengan Header pada Ethernet ................................35 Gambar 3.1 SIP PBX .......................................................................................................42 Gambar 3.2 Diagram Call Transfer .................................................................................48 Gambar 3.3 Diagram Call Parking ..................................................................................50 Gambar 3.4 Diagram Voice Mail .....................................................................................52 Gambar 3.5 Struktur Menu ..............................................................................................54 Gambar 3.6 STD “Index”.................................................................................................54 Gambar 3.7 STD “SIP” ....................................................................................................55 xiii
Gambar 3.8 STD “Extension”..........................................................................................56 Gambar 3.9 STD “Call Conference”................................................................................57 Gambar 3.10 STD “Call Parking”....................................................................................58 Gambar 3.11 STD “Voicemail” .......................................................................................59 Gambar 3.12 STD “Custom” ...........................................................................................60 Gambar 3.13 STD “Change Password” ...........................................................................61 Gambar 3.14 Rancangan Tampilan Pembuka..................................................................62 Gambar 3.15 Rancangan Layar SIP .................................................................................63 Gambar 3.16 Rancangan Layar Extension .......................................................................64 Gambar 3.17 Rancangan Layar Call Conference ............................................................65 Gambar 3.18 Rancangan Layar Call Parking ..................................................................66 Gambar 3.19 Rancangan Layar Voicemail.......................................................................67 Gambar 3.20 Rancangan Layar Custom...........................................................................68 Gambar 3.21 Rancangan Layar ChangePassword...........................................................69 Gambar 4.1 Server Console .............................................................................................73 Gambar 4.2 Server Console dengan Verbose...................................................................74 Gambar 4.3 Halaman Depan GUI....................................................................................75 Gambar 4.4 Halaman add, update dan validate SIP ........................................................76 Gambar 4.5 Halaman Help bagian SIP ............................................................................77 Gambar 4.6 Halaman View bagian SIP ............................................................................78 Gambar 4.7 Halaman add dan validate extension...........................................................79 Gambar 4.8 Halaman Help bagian Extension.................................................................80 Gambar 4.9 Halaman View bagian Extension.................................................................81 Gambar 4.10 Halaman Voicemail ....................................................................................82 xiv
Gambar 4.11 Halaman Help bagian Voicemail................................................................83 Gambar 4.12 Halaman View bagian Voicemail................................................................84 Gambar 4.13 Halaman Call Conference ..........................................................................85 Gambar 4.14 Halaman Help bagian Call Conference......................................................86 Gambar 4.15 Halaman View bagian Call Conference .....................................................87 Gambar 4.16 Halaman Call Parking................................................................................88 Gambar 4.17 Halaman validate Call Parking..................................................................89 Gambar 4.18 Halaman Help bagian Call Parking ...........................................................90 Gambar 4.19 Halaman View bagian Call Parking ...........................................................91 Gambar 4.20 Halaman Change Password .......................................................................92 Gambar 4.21 Halaman Custom ........................................................................................93 Gambar 4.22 Menu SIP Proxy pada Xlite ........................................................................94 Gambar 4.23 Skenario Pengujian Sistem.........................................................................95 Gambar 4.24 user1 menelepon user5 ...............................................................................96 Gambar 4.25 user4 menelepon ke user2 ..........................................................................97 Gambar 4.26 user1 menelepon ke user3………………………………………………...97 Gambar 4.27 user1 di parked oleh user3 .........................................................................97 Gambar 4.28 user5 berhubungan dengan user1 ...............................................................98 Gambar 4.29 gambar Call Conference.............................................................................98 Gambar 4.30 gambar Voicemail untuk 700 .....................................................................99 Gambar 4.31 gambar Voicemail kedua untuk 700...........................................................99
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
User Guide to SIP PBX System ...................................................................................... L1 I
Prosedur Instalasi Linux...................................................................................... L1
II
Prosedur Instalasi Asterisk.................................................................................. L2 II.1
Instalasi Zaptel Driver................................................................................. L2
II.2
Instalasi Asterisk ......................................................................................... L3
III
Konfigurasi Sistem PBX pada Asterisk .......................................................... L7 III.1
Konfigurasi Dasar ....................................................................................... L7
KONFIGURASI UNTUK PENGUJIAN SISTEM ...................................................... L13 CODE PROGRAMING QT DALAM PERANCANGAN GRAFIK USER INTERFACE..................................................................................................................L17
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