IEA Annex 51: Energy Efficient Communities Case studies and strategic guidance for urban decision makers Dr. Jacques T.N. Kimman Professor New Energy at the Zuyd University Programme manager at SenterNovem (Agency of the Ministry of Economic Affairs)
Will the oil prices go down or go up?
New Energy, a different way of thinking
Will the energy need increase or decrease?
New Energy, a different way of thinking
Why solar energy?
consumption
Worldwide consumption of fossil fuels
1st solar age
-2000
-1000
2nd solar age
0
1000 2000 Time (year)
3000
4000
5000
Grid parity in Europe – 2010
irradiation PV generation (kWh/m2·yr) cost (/kWh)
Energy Hill, Avantis, 26 april 2007
600
0.50
1000
0.30
1400
0.21
1800
0.17
Grid parity in Europe – 2015
irradiation PV generation (kWh/m2·yr) cost (/kWh)
Energy Hill, Avantis, 26 april 2007
600
0.42
1000
0.25
1400
0.18
1800
0.14
Grid parity in Europe – 2020
irradiation PV generation (kWh/m2·yr) cost (/kWh)
Energy Hill, Avantis, 26 april 2007
600
0.33
1000
0.20
1400
0.14
1800
0.11
Energy transition (roadmap)
Sustainable Energy Supply
Vision
Social importance
Bottle necks, issues
Oppertunities
Commercial importance
Cooperation Innovations
Now
Time
Future
New Energy in the Built Environment
Is solar energy expensive? A new way of thinking! • Highest building (Rotterdam) CIS-tower (Manchester)
New Energy in the Built Environment
Roof integration!
New Energy in the Built Environment
Conventional method
New Energy in the Built Environment
What do we mean by “New Energy”?
Trias Energetica!
New Energy in the Built Environment
New financial concepts for zero-energy houses
New Energy in the Built Environment
New financial concept
•Payback-time included in the mortgage •Seinen project development (Friesland) •Costs: 500 per month •No energy bill !
New Energy in the Built Environment
Roof integration in the “city of the sun” (Heerhugowaard)
New Energy, a different way of thinking
Experiences on village level (City of Amersfoort)
New Energy in the Built Environment
Learned lessons (Apeldoorn, Heerhugowaard,Tilburg)
Knowledge Transfer, Lessons
Renewable energy supply
Continuity Legislation Instruments, Monitoring (Co-) Financing Support, communication Vision and Roadmap: bottle neck analysis and coordination
Now
Time
Future
Which renewable energy source is the most efficient?
2004
wind on sea PJe/km2=GJe/m2
wind on land PJe/km2=GJe/m2
PV PJe/km2=GJe/m2
Biomass PJ/km2=GJ/m2
Nederland
0.0633
0.042
0.252
0.0072
EU-15
0.0633
0.042
0.30
0.0072
Wereld
0.0633
0.042
0.35
0.0072
Now, the Netherlands:
6x !
35x !
2050
wind on sea PJe/km2=GJe/m2
wind on land PJe/km2=GJe/m2
PV PJe/km2=GJe/m2
Biomass PJ/km2=GJ/m2
Nederland
0.10
0.07
0.63
0.018
EU-15
0.10
0.07
0.75
0.018
Wereld
0.10
0.07
0.88
0.018
Future World:
12x !
55x ! New Energy, a different way of thinking
Carbon, climate and energy neutral: definitions '
"! & &
'
! "! &
'
%! " ! ! !" ! $
! " !!" ! !! % ! " ! " ! " "
% "! & & &
% "! " !% ! % " % " ! " % " ! % " " !# ! " ! % " % % ! ! ! !" ! !! "!! % "! !%
Energy neutral in 2030?
Tilburg energievraag
Energiegebruik vs duurzame energie
Tilburg duurzame energie Apeldoorn energiebesparing Apeldoorn duurzame energie Heerhugowaard energiebesparing Heerhugowaard duurzame energie
40
30 25 20 Tilburg 2044
15 10
Apeldoorn 2043 Heerhugowaard 2027
5
jaar
20 50
20 45
20 40
20 35
20 30
20 25
20 20
20 15
20 10
0 20 05
PJ/jaar primaire energie
35
Openbaar vervoer (bus)
Vracht-&bestelauto's
Personenvervoer
Rioolpompen en gemalen
Cultuur en recreatie
Gezond- en welzijnszorg
Onderwijs
Openbaar bestuur
Horeca
Handel
Bestaande kantoren
Nieuwbouw kantoren
Industrie
Veehouderij
1,20E+01
Akkerbouw
Glastuinbouw
Bestaande woningen
Nieuwbouwwoningen
Openbare verlichting
Starting point: energy use
Aandelen sectoren 2005 Heerhugowaard
1,00E+01 Tilburg
Apeldoorn
8,00E+00
6,00E+00
4,00E+00
2,00E+00
0,00E+00
Possibilities and priorities municipalities to influence changes Example: Apeldoorn
" #" &
# # "&
# # # "&
' # ! ' #! ! ' #" #!" &
# # "&
'
# " #" &
" #" &
' "#" " #"# #" "$"! ' % #!" !"!
' %#" #!! '## ! '# ! '" "" '# !
' #"#
' ! ' %#" !
'%& '#" ! "
Example: Climate Change Plan Freiburg 1995 wish and reality 2,5
„BUS“ Forecast
Forecast in 2003
Mio. t CO
2 /a
2,0
1,5
Target 1995
Ist/Prognose Ziel
1,0
0,5
0,0 1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
"
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
Solar installations in Freiburg
status 31.05.2008 PV: 9.8 MW, output: 9 m kWh p.a. solar thermal: 13,000 m
2000
Electricity demand in FR: ~ 200 MWel PV-Capacity: ~ 2.5%
2008
Freiburg 2004 (200.000 inhabitants) 700
Refurbishment (expensive)
Cost/CO2-reduction-potential Curve 600
Photovoltaics
Costs ( per Ton CO2)
500
400
Solar Collectors Low Energy Buildings
300
Geothermal Energy Building Refurbishment
200
Biomass
100
CHP "TREA"
E-Saving in Industry
Energy Mangmnt.
Hydropower
0
CHP "Rhodia" -100
0
100
Condensing Technology 200
Electr. saving at Home
Cogeneration Units
300
400
District Heating
Wood Pellets Wind Energy
Heat Pumps 500
CO 2 Re duction Pote ntia l (1'000Tons p.a .)
600
700
800
900
CO2 emissions in Freiburg: planning and reality 2,500
mio. t CO2/a
2,000
1,500
new cogeneration plant in FRLandwasser
new downtown DH 1,000
(long-term target)
0,500 0,000 1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
real/forecast 2003
2000
2002
Target (1996)
2004
2006
2008
2010
real/forecast 2007
2012
„Solar neighborhood“, Schlierberg/Freiburg 50 „Plus-energy“ single-family buildings
What is necessary for becoming energy neutral? At least 40% Energy savings! City of Maastricht, 55.000 households and 60 km2 area: CO2-neutral:
458 km2 new forest (7.6 x area)
Energy neutral: 229 windmills of 2 MW and 100 m high (6 km2) Or 1 km2 PV-plant Or 55.000 zero-energy houses Total city of Maastricht, including traffic and industry: CO2-neutral:
New forest 43x total area
Energy neutral: 1289 windmills (36 km2) or 6 PV-plants (6 km2)
Energy Hill, Avantis, 26 april 2007
New Energy, a different way of thinking
New built houses non zero energy? Missed change!
New Energy, a different way of thinking
Social transition: Bio-based Economy
Energy Hill, Avantis, 26 april 2007
New Energy, a different way of thinking
Bottle-neck analysis
Bottle-necks Juridical, Economical
Investment climate
Juridical thresholds
Lack of subsidies
Fear for risks The border is a barrière
The law is not flexible
Fear for interpertation of the law
Knowledge, cooperation reputation
Prioritries
Region walks behind the facts
Lack of capacity
In consequent policy
Fragmantaric policy
Weinig concrete toepassing en in de bouw
Lack of knowledge infrastructure
Cofinancing is a problem
Lack of knowledge
Sustainability is not a criterium when making choices
Lack of qualified personel
Kenniscent ra te passief
Sustainability is not a theme/ priority on its own
Decrease of population
Not enough cooperation
Bad reputation of the region
Too individual
Knowledge fragmented
Kansen voor Nieuwe Energie in de Euregio
Goals Goals Verbeterd investering s-klimaat
Juridische belemmeri ngen weggenom en
Subsidiegelden beschikbaar gemaakt
Overheden nemen meer risico's
Grensbarri eres weggenom en
Mogelijkhe den regelgeving gelijk als in Duitsland
Kennisinfrastructu ur in overeenste mming met ambities
Duurzaamheid heeft meer prioriteit
Regio volgt de veranderin gen in de omgeving
Capaciteit bij de gemeente beschikbaa r gemaakt
Gemeente realiseert consequent ies van haar beleid
Beleid op het gebied van Duurzaamh eid samenhan gemd en consistent
Duurzaamheid heeft prioriteit in termen van budget en consequenties voor keuzes
Diverse voorbeeldprojecten gerealiseer d
Kennisinfrastructu ur in overeenste mming met de ambities
(Co-)financi ering mogelijk gemaakt
Kennisniveau is verhoogd en afgestemd op behoeften en ambities
Er is meer geschoold personeel
Imago van de regio is verbeterd
Kenniscent ra doen actief mee
Kennis is gebundeld
Samenwer king is tot stand gebracht
Changes for new energy in the region
Activities Verbeterd investering s-klimaat
Duurzaamheid heeft meer prioriteit
Inventarisere n juridische belemmering en
Inventarisere n subsidiemogelijkhed en
Consistent en samenhange nd visiedocume nt ontwikkelen als basis voor het maken van keuzes
Budget koppelen aan duurzaamhei d
Wegnemen juridische belemmering en
Vergelijking subsidiemogelijkhed en en andere ondersteunin gsmogelijkhed en met Duitsland
Raadsbesluit en toetsen aan de hand van de keuzecriteria
Voorbeeldprojecten stimuleren en financiering mogelijk maken
Inventarisere n grensbarrières
Voorstel om meer capaciteitbes chikbaar te stellen voorbereiden en indienen
Wegnemen grensbarrières
Capaciteit inzetten om ontwikkeling en te volgen en daarop in te spelen
Kennisinfrastructu ur in overeenste mming met ambities
Best practices in de regio etaleren ter verbetering van de imago van de regio
Kenniscentra benaderen en motiveren om mee te doen met de implementati e van de visie
Kennisontwikkelin g bundelen
Visie van de Gemeente uitdragen
Behoefte aan kennis inventarisere n en afstemmen met kennisinstelli ngen
Partijen bij elkaar brengen
Bestuurders en uitvoerders wijzen op de mogelijkhed en
Changes for New Energy in the region
Parkstad Limburg Parkstad City N281 Boulevard
Parkstad Limburg • Parkstad City N281 Boulevard Sources for energy: - RWZI Hoensbroek, biomass centre for NWParkstad, gass, elektricity + heat - Industry Hoensbroek for rest heat - City heat ‘t Loon, Heerlen Centrum Storage of energy: - Minewaterproject Use of energy: - Educational cluster - Offices, railway station / Parkstad City - Shopping malls - Living areas
Parkstad Limburg Parkstad City N281 Boulevard Energy-Space system: Upper: Rwzi, green wast collection, cocombustion, gass production, -transport Middle: cascading on basiss of industry supplied by own gass, shopping malls, offices SON, low-ex village, storage in mines Lower: collective heat system, re-use of heat on different temperatures for different functions
Central control unit for renewable energy
New Energy needs more coordination
!
!
TRANSITION in ENERGY and PROCESS for SUSTAINABLE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT (TRANSEP-DGO)
New Energy in the Built Environment
. Fa Sp rm Qu ace Ri arry v En ers Fo ergy re st
Urban Harvest: Collecting, capturing, converting and feed back in system
The village of tomorrow: goals
Goals: – Demonstration of sustainable houses (zero-energy!) – Platform for “Open Innovation” – Educating students – “Real Life Laboratory” – International cooperation – Organizing necessary knowledge – Optimal integration of available techniques
Show what tomorrow is possible with the techniques of today!
New Energy in the Built Environment
Logo
EnEff:Stadt
Logo
Forschung für die Energieeffiziente Stadt
BMWi
EnEff:Stadt
Energy Concept Adviser for Districts Compare the energy consumption of your district with national averages
Performance Rating
Learn from X realised energy efficient districts from both existing/retrofitted and new built districts
Case Studies of energy efficient Districts
Which energy efficient strategies and technologies are applicable?
Energy efficient Strategies + Technologies
Assess different energy concepts (demand and supply) for districts (Calculation of final energy, primary energy and exergy characteristics) Download of reports from the research project EnEff:Stadt Information on different detailed planning tools Contact the participating organisations of EnEff:Stadt
Energy Assessment of Districts Basics Detailed Planning Contact
Energy Assessment of Districts District to assess: Demand:
Building type
Choice residential buildings:
Single family house
Number of buildings
10
Number of users/building
3
Useful floor area/building
170 m
Energy level reg. heating Type of heating
Low-energy house Gas boiler
Solar ratio heating
0%
Solar ratio DHW
0%
Type of electricity supply
non-residential buildings - public:
Central power plant
PV-fed into grid
no
Type of cooling
no
Energy use for heating
80 kWh/ma
Energy need for heating
50 kWh/ma
Electricity use – lighting
2,5 kWh/ma
Electricity use – cooling
0 kWh/ma
Electricity use – others
17,5 kWh/ma
buildings for transport/fair:
Non-residential buildings:
etc.
Energy Assessment of Districts District to assess Supply:
Choice heat - decentral - standard:
heat - decentral – renewable energies:
district heating:
District cooling:
electricity:
etc.
The “village of tomorrow”, technical design
• ‘Passief Haus’ Techniques – Optimal isolation – Ventilation with heat recovery – Cold and heat storage – Efficient low temperature heating and cooling
• Efficient equipment – Led-lights and daylight systems – Dryers with heatpumps – Domotics • Renewable energy sources – Photovoltaics, wind, solar thermal systems
New Energy in the Built Environment
The village of tomorrow: living and working •
• •
Application of a Microgrid – Share with you heighbours! – Central coupling to the grid
Increased use of electricity during daytime But also: – More activities during daytime – Social control – Reduction of traffic jams
New Energy in the Built Environment
The village of tomorrow: living and mobility
• • •
Connection to the micro-grid Using electric car for shopping etc. Using battery for storage
New Energy in the Built Environment
Design the first house
New Energy in the Built Environment
Computer animation
New Energy in the Built Environment
The winners
New Energy in the Built Environment
The city of tomorrow: house bended towards the sun
New Energy in the Built Environment
Organic solar cells
Centre for research on new materials in cooperation with the faculties Built Environment, Technology and Life Science
New Energy in the Built Environment
Organic solar cells between double layered glass?
New Energy in the Built Environment
Peerplus: smart energy glass
Productontwikkeling in het kader van Nieuwe Energie
Largest solar hot water system (City of Den Bosch)
New Energy in the Built Environment
Situation in winter
New Energy in the Built Environment
Quartierskonzept Rintheim a bottom-up approach
Mai 07
S S S S S Ende 07
(sehr grobe Abschätzung!) Verbesserungspotenzial Rintheim
Primärenergie:
16.000 14.000 12.000
230
NT-Wärme:
kWhPE /m2
10.000 8.000 6.000
Verbesserungsfaktor: 1,9
2,1
2,1
109
CO2-Emission:
4.000
6,1
2.000
34
4,3
0 MWhth/a Ausgangszustand
MWhPE/a mittlere Sanierung alle
optimale Sanierung Rest
Fernwärme-PE-Faktor: ~ 0,5 kWhPE/kWhth
t CO2/a
12
„sustainable city“ … existing efforts: LaR-EP, Solar Cities, G40, PolyCities, Concerto, etc.
Energy efficient buildings – WP EU
Solar energy WP- RE High efficient central plants WP-FF
Fuel cells WP- EU
Geothermal heat pumps WP-EU
Wind WP-RE
Combined heat and power – WP EU
Hydropower WP-RE
Energy storage -.WP EU
Biomass WP-RE
optimised transportation
el. transp. grid improvement
economic efficiency by integrated system optimization Source: EnBW, Karlsruhe
New Energy Research at the South University May 13th:
The Day of the New Energy www.dagvandenieuweenergie.nl
Energy Hill, Avantis, 26 april 2007
New Energy, a different way of thinking
