Parasit. Hung. 3. 33-42,1970
Hymenolepis straminea (Goeze, 1782) (Cestoda, Hymenolepididae), Parasite of Cricetus cricetus L . in Hungary
Dr.
Frantisek T E N O R A — Dr. Éva M U R A I
Department of Zoology of the University of Agriculture, Brno — Zoological Department of the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest
A l t h o u g h t h e s p e c i e s C r i c e t u s c r i c e t u s 1 . i s a w i d e l y spread r o d e n t i n Hungary, t h e r e were o n l y few r e p o r t s on i t s tapeworm parasites u n t i l recently ( c f . EDELÉNYI, 1 9 6 6 ) . I n the present s t u d y a t t e n t i o n has been p a i d t o t h e t a x o n o m i c a l s t a t u s o f t h e tapeworms b e l o n g i n g t o t h e genus Hymenolepis W e i n l a n d , 1858 . These tapeworms have been found i n t h i s mammal i n t h r e e l o c a l i t i e s , v i z . Budapest (Rákospalota), Balmazújváros and Deb r e c e n - see P i g . 1 . I n a l l cases members o f Hymenolepis s t r a m i nea (Goeze, 1782) a r e c o n c e r n e d . 1 1
A l t o g e t h e r 12 complete s t r o b i l a e f o u n d i n t h e s m a l l i n t e s t i n e o f t h e above h o s t have been a t our d i s p o s a l . T a k i n g i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n t h a t , u n t i l r e c e n t l y , t h i s s p e c i e s was synonymized w i t h Hymenolepis f r a t e r n a ( S t i l e s , 1 9 0 6 ) ( c f . , e.g., SPASSKIJ, 1 9 5 4 ) , and t h a t t h e d e s c r i p t i o n o f H. s t r a m i n e a (Goeze, 1782) based on the m a t e r i a l f r o m Hungary i s missing,we p r e s e n t t h e main m e t r i c and m o r p h o l o g i c a l d a t a on t h i s p a r a s i t e .
1
SPASSKIJ, 1954 i n c l u d e d t h i s s p e c i e s i n t o t h e genus Rodent o l e p i s S p a s s k i j , 1954. 1
1
T h i s s t u d y was commenced d u r i n g b o t h a u t h o r s ' s t a y i n t h e I n s t i t u t e o f Zoology o f t h e U n i v e r s i t y i n Neuchâtel i n S w i t z e r l a n d i n 1969, and was f i n i s h e d d u r i n g TENORA's s t a y i n t h e Zoo l o g i c a l Department o f t h e Museum i n Budapest i n March o f 1970.
F i g . 1 : Map o f t h e l o c a l i t i e s where Hymenolepis s t r a m i n e a (Goeze, 1782) has been a s c e r t a i n e d f r o m C r i c e t u s c r i c e t u s i n Hungary l.ábra: Mezei hörcsögben
élősködő
(Goeze, 1782) lelőhelyei
Hymenolepis s t r a m i n e a
Hymenolepis s t r a m i n e a (Goeze, 1782) Synonyms: Taenia s t r a m i n e a Goeze, 1782; Taenia microstoma Duj a r d i n , 1845; Hymenolepis microstoma ( D u j . , 1845) B l a n c h a r d 1891; Taenia s t r a m i n e a Goeze, 1782 sensu Kowalewski, 1895; Hy menolepis c r i c e t i J a n i c k i , 1904; Taenia b r a c h y d a e r a D i e s i n g , 1854 sensu Lühe, 1910; L i c r a n o t a e n i a s t r a m i n e a (Goeze, 1782) Lopez-Neyra, 1942; D i c r a n o t a e n i a c r i c e t i ( J a n i c k i , 1904) S k r j a b i n and Matevosjan, 1945; R o d e n t o l e p i s s t r a m i n e a (Goeze, 1782) S p a s s k i j , 1954 p r o p a r t e ; R o d e n t o l e p i s s t r a m i n e a (Goeze, 1782) sensu Yamaguti, 1959 p r o p a r t e .
Description The tapeworm i s 70 t o 110 mm l o n g and has t h e g r e a t e s t body d i a m e t e r o f 1.8 t o 2 mm. The s c o l e x i s 0.150 mm broad b e a r i n g f o u r s u c k e r s . The s u c k e r s a r e 0.052 t o 0.054 mm i n d i a m e t e r . I n our m a t e r i a l 21 t o 24 hooks have been counted. They a r e o f c r i c e t o i d t y p e ( c f . SKRJABIN and MATEV0SJAN, 1 9 4 5 ) . The hooks mea sure 0.012 t o 0.013 mm w i t h t h e i r b a s i s b e i n g 0.012 t o 0.015 mm l o n g . The r o s t e l l a r sac i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 0.090 mm l o n g and 0.060 mm broad. The t e s t e s a r e s i t u a t e d t r i a n g u l a r l y : o n e t e s t i s i s p o r a l , two a p o r a l t e s t e s a r e a r r a n g e d one above t h e o t h e r . The y o l k g l a n d and t h e o v a r y a r e s i t u a t e d between t h e t e s t e s . The l e n g t h o f t h e c i r r u s - s a c v a r i e s a g r e a t d e a l . I n t h e i m mature segments, i t measures a p p r o x i m a t e l y 0.065 mm, i n t h e h e r m a p h r o d i t i c s e g m e n t s , i t s l e n g t h reaches as much as 0.164 mmI n s i d e t h i s sac, t h e r e i s a f a i r l y conspicuous v e s i c u l a seminal i s i n t e r n a measuring 0.038 t o 0.113 mm. The v e s i c u l a s e m i n a l i s e x t e r n a i s a l s o p r e s e n t . The f a i r l y v i s i b l e v a g i n a i s s i t u a t e d below t h e c i r r u s - s a c , i t s o r i f i c e g e t s i n t o t h e common s i n u s o f the g e n i t a l organs. The eggs f i x e d i n B e r l e s e medium measure 0.055 t o 0.076 mm x 0.040 t o 0.055 mm ( s e e Tab. 2 ) , and bear an embryophore b e i n g 0.029 t o 0.031 mm i n d i a m e t e r . The embryonal hooks a r e l o n g e r t h a n t h o s e on t h e s c o l e x . They a r e 0.015 t o 0.018 mm l o n g ( s e e Tab. 2 ) .
Table 1 :
Data on t h e m a t e r i a l o f Hymenolepis s t r a m i n e a (Goeze, 1782) f r o m C r i c e t u s c r i c e t u s and f r o m o t h e r r o d e n t s (Dimensions i n mm). - Hymenolepis s t r a m i n e a (Goeze, 1782) méretadatai (mm-ben mezei hörcsögből és egyéb gazdaállatokból.
Body l e n g h t a féreg hossza
30-350
70-110
Hook l e n g h t horgok hossza
0.010-0.016
0.012-0.0135
Hook number h o r g o k száma
19-30
21-24
Hook t y p e horgok t i p u s a
cricetoid
cricetoid
Egg s i z e peték mérete
0.043-0.090
0.038-0.076
p.015-0.021 Oncosphere h o o k l e t s embrionális h o r g o k
0.0165-0.0175
Hosts gazda
rodents
Cricetus
Distribution elterjedés
Europe, A s i a , A f r i c a , U.S.A. •
Hungary
Authors szerzők
BAER and TEN0RA,1970
our
data
cricetus
T a b l e 2:
D a t a on t h e m a t e r i a l o f Hymenolepis s t r a m i n e a (Goeze, 1782) f r o m v a r i o u s l o c a l i t i e s i n Hungary ( d i m e n s i o n s i n mm). Hymenolepis s t r a m i n e a (Goeze, 1782) méret-adatai (mm-ben) különböző magyarországi lelőhelyekről, mezei hörcsögből.
L o c a l i t i e s - lelőhely Rákospalota
Debrecen
Balmazú jvát - • a
Hook number h o r g o k száma
21
23
Hook l e n g h t h o r g o k hossza
0.012
0.012-0.0135 0.0135
24
Hook b a s i s 0.012-0.013 h o r g o k bázis-méreté
0.0135-0.015 0.0155
Oncosphere h o o k l e t s 0.0165 embrionális h o r g o k
0.0165-0.017 o.016-0.0173
Egg
size peték mérete
0.055-0.0756 0.0378-0.068 0.0378-0, ••
Discussion The f i r s t f i n d i n g o f Hymenolepis s t r a m i n e a (Goeze, 1782) i n Hungary i s r e p o r t e d by EDE1ENYI, 1966. I n C r i c e t u s c r i c e t u s he f o u n d a s i n g l e tapeworm s p e c i e s w h i c h was n o t d e s c r i b e d i n h i s paper. EDELÉNYI, 1966 i l l u s t r a t e d a s i n g l e hook o f c r i c e t o i d t y p e . T h i s f i g u r e o f t h e hook, as w e l l as t h e h o s t o f t h e t a p e worm ( C r i c e t u s c r i c e t u s ) i n d i c a t e t h a t EDELÉNYI, 1966 examined the above tapeworm s p e c i e s . I n t h e p r e s e n t p a p e r , t h e f i g u r e o f hooks f r o m a s c o l e x i n shown (see E i g . 2 ) . The hooks a r e i l l u s t r a t e d a c c o r d i n g t o t h e t o t a l p r e p a r a t i o n , and as o u r f i g u r e i n d i c a t e s , o n l y s e v e r a l hooks have t h e c o r r e c t p o s i t i o n . I n t h e s y s t e m a t i c and taxonomic s t u d i e s hooks o n l y i n c o r r e c t p o s i t i o n s h o u l d be e v a l u a t e d . I t i s n o t only the type b u t also t h e accurate m e t r i c data o f the hooks t h a t s h o u l d be d e t e r m i n e d . BAER and TENORA, 1970 r e v e a l e d t h a t t h e r e a s o n t h a t some a u t h o r s had observed hooks i n an i n c o r r e c t p o s i t i o n , as w e l l as t h a t t h e y had o f t e n worked w i t h o u t having a comparative m a t e r i a l , l e d t o t h e s i t u a t i o n t h a t t h e taxonomy o f t h e s p e c i e s H. s t r a m i n e a (Goeze, 1782) was n o t s o l v e d c o r r e c t l y so f a r . I n t h i s way, a l s o , SPASSKIJ's (1954) o p i n i o n t h a t Hymenolepis f r a t e r n a ( S t i l e s , 1906) may be a syno nym o f H. s t r a m i n e a (Goeze, 1782) occurs i n t h e books ( c f . , e.g., KOTLÁN, I 9 6 0 , ERHARD, LÄMMLER, HINZ and THEMANN, 1962 and o t h e r s - c f . t h e c o m p l e t e l i s t o f t h e s e a u t h o r s by BAER and TE NORA, 1 9 7 0 ) . The m a t e r i a l o f t h e l a t t e r two a u t h o r s , as w e l l as t h e i r d e s c r i p t i o n c l e a r l y i n d i c a t e that both H.fraterna ( S t i l e s , I9O6) and H . s t r a m i n e a (Goeze, 1782) a r e v a l i d s p e c i e s . I n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e o p i n i o n t h a t H. m i c r o s t o m a ( D u j a r d i n , 1845) i s a synonym o f H. s t r a m i n e a (Goeze, 1 7 8 2 ) , the finding of H. m i c r o s t o m a r e p o r t e d f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e i n H u n g a r i a n fauna by TENORA, 1967, who had f o u n d t h i s p a r a s i t e i n P i t y m y s subterraneus, s h o u l d be r e v i s e d . A c c o r d i n g t o t h e c r i t e r i a g i v e n by BAER and TENORA, 1970, as w e l l as on t h e b a s i s o f reexamin i n g t h e e x i s t i n g m a t e r i a l , we s t a t e t h a t t h e tapeworm s p e c i e s
0,01
0.02
F i g . 2: Hooks f r o m a s c o l e x o f Hymenolepis s t r a m i n e a (Goeze, 1782) i l l u s t r a t e d i n v a r i o u s p o s i tions ( t h e arrow-heads p o i n t t o t h e hooks lying i n correct position). 2. ábra: Horgok Hymenolepis s t r a m i n e a skolexéről kü lönböző " f e k v é s b e n ( a n y i l l a l jelölt horgok vannak k o r r e k t h e l y z e t b e n ) . F i g . 3: Type o f t h e eggs i n Hymenolepis s t r a m i n e a (Goeze,1782) f r o m C r i c e t u s c r i c e t u s (scheme). 3. ábra: Hymenolepis s t r a m i n e a érett petéi mezei hör csögből .
mm
mm
f r o m P. s u b t e r r a n e u s , r e p o r t e d f r o m Hungary by TENORA, 1967 under t h e name H. m i c r o s t o m a ( D u j . , 1845) s h o u l d be c o r r e c t l y Hymenolepis a s y m e t r i c a J a n i c k i , 1904I t i s concluded t h a t H. s t r a m i n e a (Goeze, 1782) i s a t y p i c a l p a r a s i t e o f C r i c e t u s c r i c e t u s i n Hungary. I t has n o t been found i n o t h e r r o d e n t s i n t h i s t e r r i t o r y as y e t , even though t h e oc c u r r e n c e o f t h i s tapeworm s p e c i e s i s n o t r u l e d o u t i n o t h e r members o f t h e o r d e r Rodentia.. On the. o t h e r hand,we s t a t e t h a t , b e s i d e s H. s t r a m i n e a , Hymenolepis a s y m e t r i c a J a n i c k i , 1904 i s q u i t e c l e a r l y proved f r o m P i t y m y s s u b t e r r a n e u s i n Hungary.
. T E N O R A , F . — M U R A I , É.: Hymenolepis
straminea (Goeze, 1782)
(Cestoda, HymenolepididaeJ, a mezei hörcsög (Cricetus cricetus parazitája
h.)
Magyarországon
Hymenolepis s t r a m i n e a (Goeze, 1782) magyarországi előfordulásá ról első i z b e n 1966-ban EDELÉNYI Béla számolt be; n e v e z e t t f a j példányai Debrecenben, mezei hörcsög vékonybelében élősködtek. A f a j t 1782-ben GOEZE szintén C r i c e t u s cricetusból i r t a l e , de azóta i g e n kevés szerzőnek állt módjában a z t t i p i k u s gazdaálla tából tanulmányozni. Több szerző, - félreismerve a f a j t - a H. f r a t e r n a ( S t i l e s , 1906) f a j j a l a z o n o s i t o t t a ; az a morfológiai azonosság v i s z o n t , amelyet az 1845-ben DUJARDIN által l e i r t H.mic ro stoma a H. s t r a m i n e a v a l Összevetve m u t a t , a legutóbbi idő kig
(BAER - TENORA, 1970) elkerülte a kutatók figyelmét.
T e k i n t e t t e l a kérdésben uralkodó nézetkülönbségekre és a r r a , hogy a mezei hörcsögben, élősködő Hymenolepis példányok Európa egyéb területein nehezen gyűjthetők, Magyarországon 3 lelőhely ről származó H. s t r a m i n e a anyagot részletes tanulmányozás tár gyává tettünk és a f a j pontos leírását a d j u k . 1
More d e t a i l e d d a t a on H. a s y m e t r i c a J a n i c k i , 1904 and H. f r a t e r n a ( S t i l e s , 1906), p a r a s i t e s o f r o d e n t s i n Hungary, w i l l be g i v e n i n t h e s t u d y b e i n g p r e p a r e d i n t h e Z o o l o g i c a l D e p a r t ment o f t h e S t a t e Museum i n Budapest.
R e f e r e n c
es
BAER, J.G. - TENORA, E.: Some Species o f Hymenolepis ( C e s t o i d e a ) f r o m Rodents and f r o m P r i m a t e s - A c t a S e i . Nat. Brno, 4. 1-32. 1970.* EDELÉNYI, B.: Saugwürmer i n e i n h e i m i s c h e n Säugetieren I I I . Ann. H i s t . Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung., 58. 263-270. 1966. ERHARD, A. - LAMMER, G. - HINZ, E. - THEMANN, H.: E x p e r i m e n t e l l e I n v a s i o n e n bzw. Erzeugung v o n K r a n k h e i t e n d u r c h Metazoen h e i L a b o r a t o r i u m s t i e r e n - Handbuch der Exp. Pharm., XVI. ( 9 ) . 1 150. 1962. KOTLÁN, A.: H e l m i n t h o l o g i e - Akad. Kiadó.Budapest, 5-631.1960. SKRJABIN, K . I . - MATEVOSJAN, E.M.: Lentocnye gelminty-gymenol e p i d i d y domasnich i ochtonióe-promyslovych p t i c - Akad. Nauk SSSR. Moskva, 1-486. 1945SPASSKY, A.A.: K l a s i f i k a c i j a g y m e n o l e p i d i d m l e k o p i t a j u s c i c h Trudy Gelm. Labor. ANSSSR, 7_. 120-167. 1954TENORA, P.: Some Remarks on t h e H e l m i n t h o f a u n a f r o m S e v e r a l Species o f Small Rodents ( M u r i d a e , M i c r o t i d a e , L e p o r i d a e ) i n Hungary - A c t a U n i v . A g r i c . Brne, 1 . 103-106. 1967.
Received:
6.IV.1970
Dr. FRANTISEK TENORA Katedra Zoologie Vysoké s k o l y zemedelské v Brne Zemedelská 1 . - Brno Dr. EVA MURAI Z o o l . Dept. o f t h e Hungarian N a t u r a l H i s t o r y Museum Budapest, V I I I . Baross-u. 13.
* I n t h i s paper t h e f u r t h e r
l i t e r a t u r e used i s c i t e d .
