Getrapte aanpak voor de beoordeling van blootstelling in het laboratorium
LabSafety 2015
Carla Duijf (RAH, exposure specialist) 2 juni 2015
Werkervaring AH
Blootstelling chemische stoffen
•
− Survey’s/ literatuur onderzoek/vragenlijsten − Metingen i.s.m. universiteiten (stages; promotieonderzoek)
1990 – 2002 Universiteit en ziekenhuis
− Weet wat je meet. •
Statistisch verantwoord. 3 – 12 meetsessies per handeling/taak Doorlooptijd: maanden Snellere (eerste) methode gewenst!
2002 – 2010 Industrie (farma) −
•
2010 – 2015 Centrale afdeling AN
Kwalitatieve beoordeling van blootstelling en beheersmethode
− Semi kwantitatieve beoordeling en beheersmodellen. o.a. EcetocTRA, ART, SkinPearm etc.
− Advies en ondersteuning. Beoordeling blootstellingsrapportages. Kwaliteit van de rapportages? Standaardisatie nodig: Voorschriften.
Inhoud • Inleiding ‘Beoordelen van de blootstelling’ • Kwalitatieve beoordeling: Occupational Hygiene Risk Management (OHRM)
• Kwantitatieve beoordeling: meten • Message to take home
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Inleiding Beoordelen van de blootstelling • Ken de risico’s en hoe die te beheersen: Van algemene RI&E naar verdiepende RI&E.
• Plan van Aanpak: Van kwalitatieve beoordeling naar meten. Inzichtelijk en systematische aanpak
Resultaat gericht, gericht op de te nemen beheersmaatregelen Efficiënt Kosten beheersing
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Inleiding Determinanten van gezondheidsrisico Hazard The intrinsic property of a substance to cause health effects; •OEL •R phrases; H statements
Exposure The possibility to become airborne; •Volatility; Dustiness •Handling •Contact
RISK The probability that it will result in adverse health effects
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Inleiding regelgeving
Example Acetonitrile DNEL Workers Inhalation(8H): 40 ppm Dermal: 32.2 mg/kg bw/day Exposure by inhalation Proc 15 (lab): LEV (RCR: 0.05) Vapour pressure: 121.4 hPa (25ºC)
OEL Workers Inhalation(8H): 20 ppm
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KWALITATIEVE BEOORDELING OHRM-TOOL
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The OHRM approach 1 Basic Process Basic Process Characterization Characterization 3 Potential Degree of Exposure
2 Hazard Class 4: Selection of task based on risk ranking
5: Occupational Hygiene Control Strategy
6: Monitoring
Evaluation
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Overview of results Process
Preparation
Task
Weighing Stock
Agent/substance at workplace (stressor)
OEL
Hazard Class (HC)
Potential Degree of Exposure (PDE)
Task Risk Ranking (TRR)
Controls
AA AA + B
solution Dilute Experiment
AA + B
Pipetting Extraction
Preparation analyses Analyses
Extraction
AA + liquid C
HPLC
AA + C
eluent
D
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Een voorbeeld Het gebuik van Acetonitril als eluens in het laboratorium (<1 l)
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Example of OHRM method: Analyses by HPLC Step 1
Basic Process Characterization Use of acetonitrile (1 litre) as eluent • Dilution (50%) • Connecting the bottle • Daily duration 2 hours • Automatic process • Check OHRM-lab
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Example: Analyses Hazard Class of Acetonitrile Step 2
• AkzoNobel Internal Exposure Limit (IEL) 34 mg/m3 or 20 ppm
• National OEL (old) Dutch National OEL: 34 mg/m3 or 20 ppm
• The lowest Exposure Limit is leading!
• Hazard Class 2
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Potential Degree of Exposure Step 3 Five determinants of inhalation exposure: • Material Characterization [MC] • Aerosol Dispersion [AD] • Quantity Handled [QH] • Duration of Task [DT] • Degree of Dilution [DD] PDE = [MC] + [AD] + [QH] + [DT] + [DD] (0-14) = (0-3) + (0-3) + (0-3) + (1-2) + (0-3) PDE: Potential Degree of Exposure (sum of weighing factors of these parameters) OHRM-lab
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Example: Analyses Vapour Class of Acetonitrile
MSDS information 121.44 hPa at 25 °C
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Example: Analyses Potential Degree of Exposure (1) Material Characteristic Vapour pressure Acetonitrile (MSDS): 121.44 hPa (25°C), the weighing factor is:
2 Weighing factor
MC Descriptions
3
Very/extremely dusty e.g. micronized particulates, carbon black, cement, plaster, flour
2
Dusty e.g. light, fine particles, soap powder, talc, graphite
1
Slightly dusty e.g. course particulates, soap granulates, sugar, salt
0
Not dusty e.g. solids, pellets, tablets, plastic granules
High vapour pressure liquid (> 100 mm Hg or > 13.3 kPa) or high volatility range based on boiling temperature and operating temperature (Figure 3.2) Moderate vapour pressure liquid (20-100 mm Hg or 2.7 – 13.3 kPa) or medium volatility range based on boiling temperature and operating temperature (Figure 3.2) Low vapour pressure liquid (1-20 mm Hg or 0.13 – 2.7 kPa) or low volatility range based on boiling temperature and operating temperature (Figure 3.2) Very low vapour pressure liquid (< 1 mmHg or < 0.13 kPa)
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Example: Analyses Potential Degree of Exposure
PDE = [MC] + [AD] + [QH] + [DT] + [DD]
PDE = 2 + 1 + 3 + 2 + 3 PDE = 11
What control strategy is needed?
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Step 4 1 Basic Process Basic Process Characterization Characterization 3 Potential Degree of Exposure
2 Hazard Class 4: Selection of task based on risk ranking
5: Occupational Hygiene Control Strategy
6: Monitoring
Evaluation
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The Task Risk Ranking Matrix HC= 2 When PDE= 11
Potential Degree
Hazard Class (HC)
of Exposure
TRR = Moderate
(PDE)
1
2
3
4
5**
1-4
5-8 Special attention 9-11
12-14
Low Moderate High OHRM-lab
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Example: Analyses Occupational Hygiene Control Strategy HC= 2 PDE = 11 Control selection: orange Handlings
Specific control measures Containment or isolation Ventilation (exhaust) Bench top Final: Which type of LEV?
Fixed places, e.g. above bottles
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KWANTITATIEVE BEOORDELING HET METEN
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Kwantitatieve beoordeling •
Monstername methode? Gevalideerd Persoonsgebonden Monstername snelheid (l/min) Aantal blanco’s Etc
•
Analytische methode beschikbaar? Gevalideerd, recovery bekend Detectiegrens van de meetmethode <10% v.d. OEL? Kwaliteit v.h. lab OK? Etc.
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Air Monitoring Figure 3.4 OHRM guidance Step 1: TRR
2: Similar Exposure Group
3: Sampling Strategy
4: Evaluation
5: Supplementary Risk Management Measures (RMM) needed?
6: Frequency monitoring program
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Message to take home: • Ga voor de getrapte beoordeling van het blootstellingsrisico. – Van kwalitatief naar meten
• Wanneer aanvullende metingen? – Voor het vastleggen van de te nemen bescherming(sfactor) (PBM; containment; gesloten apparatuur) – Bij onrust/twijfel over blootstelling – Om de resultaten van de kwalitatieve beoordeling te controleren (bij twijfel)
• Enkele eisen t.a.v metingen: – een gevalideerde monitoring/analysemethode – de detectiegrens van de meetmethode: <10% van de grenswaarde – Ijklijn tussen 10% en 200% van de grenswaarde
Laat je door een ervaringsdeskundige ondersteunen! OHRM-lab 23
Dank u voor uw aandacht.
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Detection limit of the method Example • • •
Flow rate pump: 2 L/min (info: sampling protocol) Duration of task: 1 hour sampling time = 1 hour Limit of Quantification (LoQ): 0.01 mg (info: lab)
• • •
Air sampling volume: 60 x 2 L= 120 L = 0.12 m3 LoQ = 0.01 mg LoM : 0.01/0.12 = 0.08 mg/m3
E.g.: OEL: 1 mg/m3 Rule of thumb: concentration at workplace ≤ 10% OEL OK! Suppose: flow rate is 0.200 ml/min. The LoM: 10 times higher, so 0.8 mg/m3
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Hazard Classes and corresponding OEB Hazard Class
OEB dust/ solid/ powder/low, non-volatile liquid (mg/m3)
1
>1
OEB medium/ high volatile liquids* (vapours)/ gases (ppm) >50
Risk phrases
Hazard statements
66 and all others not otherwise listed 20, 21, 22, 36, 37, 38, 48, 62, 63, 65, 67
All others not otherwise listed
2
>0.1-1
>5-50
3
>0.01-0.1
>0.5-5
23, 24, 25, 34, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 48, 60, 61
301, 311, 314, 317, 318, 331, 335, 360, 371, 372
4
>0.001-0.01
>0.05-0.5
26, 27, 28, 40, 43, 48, 60, 61, 64, 68
300, 310, 317, 330, 341, 351, 360, 362, 370, 372
5
≤ 0.001
≤0.05
42, 45, 46, 49
334, 340, 350
302, 304, 312, 315, 319, 332, 335, 336, 361, 373
Remarks
R37/H335: moderately irritating to airways R48/H373: significant toxic effects at 10100 mg/kg bw R62,63/H361: significant toxic effects >30 mg/kg bw R37/H335: strongly irritating to airways R43/H317: moderate skin sensitizer R48/H372: significant toxic effects at 110 mg/kg bw R60,61/H360: significant toxic effects at 3-30 mg/kg bw R43/H317: strong skin sensitizer R48/H372: significant toxic effects at 0.1-1 mg/kg bw R60,61/H360: significant toxic effects at 0.3-3 mg/kg bw In case of mutagenic and/or carcinogenic substances ask for expert advice to set exposure level
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Determination of the Hazard Class Step 2
Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) • National or International OEL http://www.dguv.de/dguv/ifa/Gefahrstoffdatenbanken/GESTIS-Internationale-Grenzwertef%c3%bcr-chemische-Substanzen-limit-values-for-chemical-agents/index.jsp
Internal Exposure Limit (IEL) •
AkzoNobel IEL, based on: National/International OEL http://www.ser.nl/nl/themas/grenswaarden/overzicht%20van%20stoffen/a.aspx
DNEL or DMEL (REACH EU-legislation) Safety Data Sheet (attention: be aware of preparation and/or reviewed date) Occupational Exposure Band (OEB) When toxicity data are insufficient. A toxicologist will determine the OEB/HC. The mid value of the OEB will be the Internal Exposure Limit (IEL) OHRM-lab
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Objectives of Task Risk Ranking Task Risk Ranking is to prioritize: Exposure Control Strategies Exposure Assessment Strategies o Collectively, to establish Similar Exposure Groups (SEGs)
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