FELTÉTELES MONDATOK (Conditionals) Általános tudnivalók: ● Az angolban és a magyarban is variálható a fő- és mellékmondat helye: mindkettő állhat elöl és hátul is. A) Ha látom, beszélek vele. If I see him, I will talk to him. mellékmondat
főmondat
mellékmondat
főmondat
Ilyenkor (ha előbb a mellékmondatot (if) mondjuk), az angolban is vessző van a tagmondatok között.
B)
Beszélek vele, ha látom. főmondat
mellékmondat
I will talk to him if I see him. főmondat
mellékmondat
Ilyenkor (ha elöl a főmondat áll), az angolban nincs vessző a tagmondatok között.
● A magyar ”ha” időnként nem feltétel kifejezésére szolgál, hanem időhatározásra (= ”amikor”). Ilyenkor ügyelnünk kell, mert az angolban nem ”if”, hanem ”when” a kötőszó! pl. Ha (= amikor) elkészülsz, szólj nekem. = When you are ready, tell me. ● A feltételes mondatoknak 3 alaptípusa van: 1. Reális/jövő idejű feltétel – ebben a feltételes mellékmondat („ha…”) egy a jövőre vonatkozó feltételt szab meg, melynek teljesülése esetén érvényesülni fognak a főmondatban elmondottak. pl. Ha el fogsz jönni, táncolni fogunk. 2. Lehetséges/jelen idejű feltétel – ebben a feltételes mellékmondat („ha…”) arról beszél, hogy ha a jelenben történne valami (ami bekövetkezhet, tehát elméletileg lehetséges), akkor a főmondatban elmondottak is teljesülnének. pl. Ha eljönnél, táncolnánk. 3. Lehetetlen/múlt idejű feltétel – ebben a feltételes mellékmondat („ha…”) arról beszél, hogy ha a múltban megtörtént volna valami (ami egyébként nem történt meg, tehát már nem lehetséges), akkor a főmondatban elmondottak is teljesültek volna. pl. Ha eljöttél volna, táncoltunk volna.
REÁLIS / JÖVŐ IDEJŰ FELTÉTEL (I. típus) A magyarban 4 féle módon tudjuk kifejezni: 1. mellékmondat (ha): jövő idő főmondat: jövő idő Ha el fogsz jönni, táncolni fogunk. 2.
mellékmondat (ha): jelen idő Ha eljössz,
főmondat: jövő idő táncolni fogunk.
3.
mellékmondat (ha): jövő idő Ha el fogsz jönni,
főmondat: jelen idő táncolunk.
4.
mellékmondat (ha): jelen idő Ha eljössz,
főmondat: jelen idő táncolunk.
Az angolban viszont ez csak egyetlen módon lehetséges: mellékmondat (if): jelen idő (Present Simple) If you come,
főmondat: jövő idő (Future Simple) we will dance. IF do – will do
Megjegyzés: ● Mindkét tagmondatban használható a CAN segédige (-hat/-het, tud …ni) pl. If you can come, we will dance. (Ha el tudsz jönni, táncolni fogunk.) If you come, we can dance. (Ha el tudsz jönni, táncolni fogunk.) If you can come, we can dance. (Ha el tudsz jönni, táncolni fogunk.) ● Bizonyos esetekben az ige folyamatos alakja is használható (az if-es tagmondatban Present Continuous, a főmondatban will + be + ing pl. If you are sleeping all day, I will be angry. (Ha egész nap aludni fogsz, mérges leszek.) If I have a lot of free time, I will be sleeping all day. (Ha sok szabadidőm lesz, egész nap aludni fogok.)
1) Complete the sentences by the rules of the first conditional. 1. What will you do if the boss _____ (give) you the yearly bonus? 2. Where _____ you _____ (go) if you lose your map? 3. If you _____ (spend) all your money on sweets, you won't be able to buy that car. 4. If we _____ (catch) the 9.45 train, we'll be in Budapest by midnight. 5. I'll tell you the truth if you _____ (not tell) my father. 6. If they _____ (work) like this for two more weeks, they'll finish it on time 7. If she _____ (not / hurry), we will be late! 8. If Mark _____ (pass) his exam, he will go on holiday. 9. If you stay awake all night, you _____ (be) very tired tomorrow. 10. If Tina eats too much chocolate She _____ ( become ) very fat.
11. We _____ (not / go ) to that restaurant if it’s so expensive. 2) Rewrite the sentences using the first conditional. e.g. Call him and he’ll come. > He’ll come if you call him. Go away or I’ll be angry. > If you don’t go away, I’ll be angry. 1. Take a taxi and you’ll catch the train. 2. Come early or you don’t get anything to eat. 3. Go inside and you’ll get a surprise. 4. Be ambitious or you won’t achieve anything. 5. Visit your grandfather and you’ll receive a present from him. 6. Hurry up or you’ll miss the train. 7. Don’t eat too much. You’ll be fat. 8. Don’t raise your voice. I’ll be angry. 9. Don’t go near the window. The policeman will see you. 10. Go to parties. You’ll have fun. 11. Be polite or your friends won’t like you. 12. Be tidy or your house will be a mess. 13. I won’t let you go. You don’t tell me the truth. 14. Don´t touch that wire. You may get an electric shock. 3) Choose the correct answer. 1. Johana is such a hard-working student. If she studies hard, she... a. will to pass all her school exams. b. will passed all her school exams. c. will pass all her school exams. 2. If Jane passes her exams, her mother... a. won't be happy. b. will be happy. c. will to be happy. 3. If Johana becomes lazy at school, her mother... a. will be happy. b. may be happy. c. will to be happy. d. won't be happy. 4. If it rains tomorrow morning, we... a. will to take our umbrellas. b. won't take our umbrellas. c. will take our umbrellas. 5. If you eat too much junk food, you ... a. will become thinner. b. will become fatter. c. will to become fatter. 6. If you don't finish your homework, your teacher... a. won't be happy. b. will be happy. c. will to be angry.
7. I'll come to the cinema,.. a. after I finish my homework. b. when I'm finishing my homework. c. after I don't finish my homework. 8. Kisi won't come to the party, ... a. if you invite him. b. if you don't invite him. c. if you to invite him. 9. If you don't work hard at school,... a. your mother will buy you a present. b. your mother won't buy you a present. c. your mother may buy you a present. 10. You won't get paid,... a. if you go to work. b. unless you go to work. c. if not you go to work. 4) You are going on holiday with your friends. Write questions with the words given. e.g. What/do/miss/plane/? What will you do if you miss the plane? 1. What/do/plane/late/? 2. Where/stay/hotels/full/? 3. What/do/not like the food/? 4. Where/go/beaches/crowded/? 5. What/do/get sunburnt/? 6. What/do/spend all the money/? 5) Now match the questions with the correct answers. a, We'll just eat bread cheese and fruit. b, We won't sunbathe for a few days. c, We'll rent a room then in a private house. d, We'll visit the town or go to the countryside. e, We'll wait for the plane at the airport. f, We'll come back earlier 6) Choose the correct answer. 1. If we don't protect the elephant, it ________ extinct. a) becomes b) will become 2. You'll pay higher insurance if you ________ a sports car. a) will buy b) buy 3. If you don't put so much sugar in your coffee, you ________ so much weight! a) don't put on b) won't put on 4. You won't pass the course if you ________. a) won't study b) don't study
5.
If I ________ some eggs, how many ________? a) cook / will you eat b) will cook / do you eat 6. She ________ completely different if she has her hair cut. a) will look b) looks 7. You ________ better if you turn on the lamp. a) will be able to see b) are able to see 8. If you ________ an apple every day, you'll be very healthy. a) eat b) will eat 9. You ________ heart disease if you eat too much meat. a) get b) will get 10. If a deer ________ into your garden, it ________ all your plants. a) will get / eats b) gets / will eat 7) Use the 1st conditional form of each verb in brackets. 1. If you _____ (not study), you _____ (fail) the test. 2. We _____ (die) if we _____ (not get) help soon! 3. If you _____ (look) in the fridge, you _____ (find) some cold drinks. 4. If there _____ (be) no oil in the engine, the car _____ (break) down. 5. I _____ (lend) you my umbrella if you _____ (need) it. 6. The sea level _____ (rise) if the planet _____ (get) hotter. 7. If you _____ (eat) your sandwiches now, you _____ (not have) anything for lunch! 8. If he _____ (save) all his money, he _____ (be able to go) on holiday to Canada. 9. I _____ (not come) with you if you _____ (not bring) John! 10. If Mark _____ (fail) his exam, he _____ (have to) stay at home. 11. You _____ (not /win) the lottery if you _____ (not /buy) a ticket. 12. If Tim _____ (drive) too fast he _____ (have) an accident. 8) Translate the following sentences into English. 1. Ha nem fogtok szorgalmasan tanulni, meg fogtok bukni a vizsgán. 2. Nem segítek, ha nem kérsz meg. 3. Ha a hétvégén jó lesz az idő, elmegyünk kirándulni. 4. Nem fognak beengedni, ha nincs jegyed. 5. Ha elkésel, nem fogunk megvárni. 6. Ha lesz sok pénzem, adok neked is. 7. Nagyon szerencsések leszünk, ha Mary nem tudja meg az igazságot. 8. Ha nem vigyázunk, betegek leszünk. 9. Odaadom ezt az almát, ha kifizeted. 10. Hol fogtok lakni, ha feleségül mész Bobhoz? 11. Ha megtalálja a kulcsot, ide fogja adni nekünk. 12. Ha ezt megteszed, sosem bocsátom meg neked.
IF > WHEN 9) Complete the sentences with if or when. 1. I'll tell them _________ they arrive home. 2. _________ you leave me, I'll kill myself. 3. _________ she arrives home, she'll probably be very tired. 4. I'll turn it down _________ this song is over. 5. _________ you don't lock it, somebody will steal it! 6. _________ it doesn't rain, we'll probably go for a walk. 7. _________ you can't do this exercise, ask for help. 8. I'll pay you back_________ I next see you. 9. They'll go to bed_________ the programme ends. 10. _________ anyone calls me, tell them I'm not at home. 11. Come on! _________ we hurry, we will catch the train. 12. _________ I play chess with him, he always wins 13. Shops are full of things _________ Christmas is near. 14. _________ you have a problem with this exercise, let me know. 15. _________ I'm older, I'll stay out late. 16. You'll be late for school _________ you don't hurry up. 17. _________ I've finished my homework we can go out. 18. _________ I ever finish this homework, we can go out 19. _________ I see you doing that again, I'll tell it to your parents. 20. _________ I get home from work, I always have a cup of coffee. 21. _________ I leave school, I want to be a lawyer. 22. You'll get a bad mark in your next English test _________ you don't study hard. 23. _________ you go out of the house, close the door behind you, please. 24. Let's go to the cinema _________ I can get a ticket. 25. _________ my mum gets home from work, she is tired. 26. _________ I go to bed, I usually read a good book. 10) Translate the following sentences being aware of the conjunction (if or when) 1. Kérlek hívj fel, ha hazaérsz. 2. Ha Londonban jársz, látogass meg! 3. Ha eltöröd a kedvenc vázámat, nagyon mérges leszek! 4. Ha kifogy a benzinünk, bajban leszünk. 5. Ha sietünk, elérjük a vonatot. 6. Ha ma este esik, tévét nézünk. 7. Ha megtalálod a könyvemet, vidd vissza a könyvtárba. 8. Ha lefekszel, oltsd el a villanyt. 9. Ha majd csenget valaki, nyisd ki az ajtót. 10. Ha hangversenyen vagyok, mindig ugyanazokkal az emberekkel találkozom. 11. Értesíts, ha megkaptad a számlát. 12. Ha elveszíted az órát, nagyon szomorú leszek. 13. Ha elolvastam ezt a könyvet, odaadom neked. 14. Ha Susie nem hív fel téged, én sem fogok vele beszélni. 15. Ha a ház kész lesz, segítek neked beköltözni.
KEY: 1) 1. gives 2. will you go 3. spend
7. doesn’t hurry 8. passes 9. will be
4. catch 5. don’t tell 6. work
10. will become 11. won’t go
2) A megoldásokban a tagmondatokat más sorrendben is mondhatjuk! 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
If you take a taxi, you’ll catch the train. If you don’t come early, you won’t get anything to eat. You’ll get a surprise if you go inside. If you aren’t ambitious, you won’t achieve anything. If you visit your grandfather, you’ll receive a present from him. If you don’t hurry, you’ll miss the train. If you eat too much, you’ll be fat. If you raise your voice, I’ll be angry. If you go near the window, the policeman will see you. You’ll have fun if you go to parties. If you aren’t polite, your friends won’t like you. If you aren’t tidy, your house will be a mess. I won’t let you go if you don’t tell me the truth. / I will let you go if you tell me the truth. You may get an electric shock if you touch that wire.
3) 1. c 2. b 3. d
4. c 5. b 6. a
7. a 8. b 9. b
10. b
4) 1. What will you do if the plane is late? 2. Where will you stay if the hotels are full? 3. What will you do if you don’t like the food? 4. Where will you go if the beaches are crowded? 5. What will you do if you get sunburnt? 6. What will you do if you spend all your money? 5) a, - 3. b, - 5.
c, - 2. d, - 4.
6) 1. b 2. b 3. b
4. 5. 6.
b a a
e, - 1. f, - 6.
7. 8. 9.
a a b
10. b
7) 1. If you don’t study, you will fail the test. 2. We will die if we don’t get help soon! 3. If you look in the fridge, you will find some cold drinks. 4. If there is no oil in the engine, the car will break down. 5. I will lend you my umbrella if you need it. 6. The sea level will rise if the planet gets hotter. 7. If you eat your sandwiches now, you won’t have anything for lunch! 8. If he saves all his money, he will be able to go on holiday to Canada. 9. I won’t come with you if you don’t bring John! 10. If Mark fails his exam, he will have to stay at home.
11. You don’t win the lottery if you don’t buy a ticket. 12. If Tim drives too fast he will have an accident. 8) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
If you don’t study hard, you will fail the exam. I won’t help you if you don’t ask me. If it the weather is nice at the weekend, we’ll go on a trip. They won’t let you in (/You won’t be let in …) if you don’t have a ticket. If you are late, we won’t wait for you. If I have a lot of money, I will give you too. We will be very lucky if Mary doesn’t learn the truth. If we aren’t careful, we’ll be sick (/ill). I will give you this apple if you pay for it. Where will you live if you marry Bob? If he finds the key, he will give it to us. If you do this I will never forgive you.
9) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
when if when when if if if
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
when when if if when when if
15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
when if when if if when when
10) Translate the following sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
Please, call me when you arrive home. When you are in London, visit me. If you break my favourite vase, I’ll be very angry! If we run out of petrol, we’ll be in trouble. If we hurry, we’ll catch the train. If it is raining tonight, we’ll be watching TV. If you find my book, return it to the library. When you go to bed, switch off the lights. When someone rings, open the door. When I am at a concert, I always meet the same people. Inform me when you get the bill. If you lose the watch, I’ll be very sad. When I have read this book, I’ll give it to you. If Susie doesn’t phone you, I won’t talk to her, either. When the house is ready, I’ll help you move in.
22. 23. 24. 25. 26.
if when if when when
