Etnicitás, nemzet- és államépítés Kelet-Európában

Dobos Edgár: Etnicitás, nemzet- és államépítés Kelet-Európában (antropológiai és történeti perspektívák)

Társadalomelméleti Kollégium 2009 tavasz

Etnicitás, nemzet- és államépítés Kelet-Európában (antropológiai és történeti perspektívák) Dobos Edgár EÖKIK, BCE NTI [email protected] 30 323 3713 A kör során kelet-európai kontextusban vizsgáljuk meg, hogyan hasznosítja az állam és a „nemzetközi közösség” az etnikai kategóriákat, a társadalmi intézményeket, a kormányzás és határképzés különféle gyakorlatait (népszámlálás, térkép, múzeum, történelemoktatás, katonai sorozás, nyelvi standardizálás, elnevezés, emlékezet, erőszak, fejlesztés és homogenizálás politikái, menekültek integrálása stb.), illetve hogyan viszonyulnak mindehhez a helyi társadalmi realitások. Az olvasmányok megbeszélését filmvetítés, kiállítás és levéltári látogatás egészíti ki.

1. Etnicitás, nemzet- és államépítés (bevezetés) Benedict Anderson, “Népszámlálás, térkép, múzeum,” in Elképzelt közösségek: gondolatok a nacionalizmus eredetéről és elterjedéséről (Budapest: L‘Harmattan, 2006), pp. 138–155. Begoña Aretxaga, “Maddening states,” Annual Review of Anthropology, 32: 393–410. Fredrik Barth, “Régi és új problémák az etnicitás elemzésében,” Regio, 1996 (7)1: 3–25. Rogers Brubaker, “Csoportok nélküli etnicitás,” in Szöveggyűjtemény a nemzeti kisebbségekről, szerk. Kántor Zoltán és Majtényi Balázs (Budapest: Rejtjel Kiadó, 2005), pp. 112–123. Daniele Conversi, “Genocide, ethnic cleansing and nationalism,” in The SAGE Handbook of Nations and Nationalism, ed. Gerard Delanty and Krishan Kumar (London: SAGE, 2006), pp. 320–333. Thomas Hylland Eriksen, Ethnicity and nationalism: anthropological perspectives (London: Pluto Press), pp. 36–58, 96–120. James C. Scott, Seeing like a state: how certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998), pp. 53–83, 369–376. Anthony D. Smith, “Culture, community and territory: the politics of ethnicity and nationalism,” International Affairs, 72(3): 445–458. Maria Todorova, “The trap of backwardness: modernity, temporality, and the study of Eastern European nationalism,” Slavic Review, 64(1): 140–164. Katherine Verdery, “Ethnicity, nationalism, and state-making,” in The anthropology of ethnicity: beyond ‘Ethnic groups and boundaries’, ed. Hans Vermeulen and Cora Govers (Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis, 1994), pp. 33–58. 2. Kiállítás: A Másik (Néprajzi Múzeum)

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3. Határképzés és a Másik reprezentációja Andrew D. Asher, “A paradise on the Oder? Ethnicity, europeanization, amd the EU referendum in a Polish-German border city,” City & Society, 17(1): 127–152. Milica Bakić-Hayden, “Nesting Orientalisms: the case of the former Yugoslavia,” Slavic Review, 1995, 54(4): 917–931. Eiki Berg and Saima Oras, “Writing post-Soviet Estonia on to the world map,” Political Geography, 2000, 19(5): 601–625. Hastings Donnan and Thomas W. Wilson, Borders: frontiers of identity, nation and state (Oxford: Berg, 1999), pp. 19–41. John Fiske, Power plays, power works (London and New York: Verso, 1993), pp. 147–161. Iver B. Neumann, Uses of the Other: “the East” in European identity formation (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999), pp. 39–112. Maria Todorova, “The Balkans: from discovery to invention,” Slavic Review, 53(2): 453–482. Larry Wolff, Inventing Eastern Europe: the map of civilization on the mind of the enlightenment (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1994), pp. 1–16.

4. Népszámlálás, kategorizálás és társadalmi klasszifikáció Tone Bringa, “Nationality categories, national identification and identity formation in ‘multinational’ Bosnia,” Anthropology of East Europe Review, 1993, 11(1-2) Ali Eminov, “Social construction of identities: Pomaks in Bulgaria,” Journal of Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, 2007, 6(2) Victor A. Friedman, “Observing the observers: language, ethnicity, and power in the 1994 Macedonian census and beyond,” in Toward comprehensive peace in Southeastern Europe: conflict prevention in the South Balkans, ed. Barnett Rubin (New York: Council on Foreign Relations and Twentieth Century Fund, 1996), pp. 81–105, 119–126. Francine Hirsch, “The Soviet-Union as a work-in-progress: ethnographers and the category nationality in the 1926, 1937, and 1939 censuses,” Slavic Review, 56(2): 251–278. Richard Jenkins, “Az etnicitás újragondolása: identitás, kategorizáció és hatalom,” in Szöveggyűjtemény a nemzeti kisebbségekről, szerk. Kántor Zoltán és Majtényi Balázs (Budapest: Rejtjel Kiadó, 2005), pp. 127–147. David I. Kertzer and Dominique Arel (eds), Census and identity: the politics of race, ethnicity and language in national censuses (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), pp. 1–42. Fran Markowitz, “Census and sensibilities in Sarajevo,” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 2007, 49(1): 40–73.

5. Az etnicitás intézményesülése: alkotmány és állampolgárság Rogers Brubaker et al., Nationalist politics and everyday ethnicity in a Transylvanian town (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006), pp. 265–300. Gregory Feldman, “Culture, state, and security in Europe: the case of citizenship and integration policy in Estonia,” American Ethnologist, 2005, 32(4): 676–694. Robert M. Hayden, “Imagined communities and real victims: self-determination and ethnic cleansing in Yugoslavia,” American Ethnologist, 23(4): 783–801. Ruth Mandel, ““Fortress Europe” and the foreigners within: Germany’s Turks,” in The anthropology of Europe: identities and boundaries in conflict, ed. Victoria A. Goddard et al. (Oxford: Berg, 1994), pp. 113–124.

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Asim Mujkić, “We, the citizens of Ethnopolis,” Constellations, 2007, 14(1): 112–128. Máiréad Nic Craith, “Culture and citizenship in Europe: questions for anthropologists,” Social Anthropology, 12(3): 289–300.

6. Kisebbségek, nyelvek, etnopolitikai gyakorlatok Ivan Čolović, “Football, hooligans and war,” in The politics of symbol in Serbia: essays in political anthropology (London: Hurst & Company, 2002), pp. 259–286. Robert D. Greenberg, “In the aftermath of Yugoslavia’s collapse: the politics of language death and language birth,” International Politics, 1999, 36(2): 141–158. E. A. Hammel, “Demography and the origins of the Yugoslav civil war,” Anthropology Today, 1993, 9(1): 4–9. Asim Mujkić, “We, the citizens of Ethnopolis,” Constellations, 2007, 14(1): 112–128. Nyíri Pál, Transznacionalitás és a közvetítő kisebbség-modell: kínai vállalkozók Magyarországon, előadás „Az etnicitás empirikus kutatásának dilemmái” c. konferencián (Budapest: MTA ENKI, 2008. június 11-12.) Paula M. Pickering, “Strategies minorities use to negotiate with the majority in post-war Bosnia-Herzegovina,” in New approaches to Balkan Studies, vol. 2, ed. Dimitris Keridis et al. (Dulles, VA: Brassey’s, 2003), pp. 255–309. Vanessa Pupavac, “Discriminating language rights and politics in the post-Yugoslav states,” Patterns of Prejudice, 2006, 40(2): 112–128. Guy M. Robinson and Alma Pobrić, “Nationalism and identity in post-Dayton Accords: Bosnia-Hercegovina,” Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 2006, 97(3): 237– 52. Zlatko Skrbiš, “From migrants to pilgrim tourists: diasporic imagining and visits to Medjugorje,” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 2007, 33(2): 313–329. Szakonyi Dávid, “Ethnic mobilization in post-Soviet Georgia: the case of the Yezidi-Kurds,” Journal of Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, 2007, 6(2) Erol Ülker, “Contextualising “Turkification”: nation-building in the late Ottoman Empire, 1908–18,” Nations and Nationalism, 2005, 11(4): 613–636.

7. Emlékezetpolitika Anna Di Lellio and Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers, “The Legendary Commander: the construction of an Albanian master-narrative in post-war Kosovo,” Nations and Nationalism, 2006, 12(3): 513–529. Bette Denich, “Dismembering Yugoslavia: nationalist ideologies and the symbolic revival of genocide,” American Ethnologist, 1994, 21(2): 367–390. Ger Duijzings, “Commemorating Srebrenica: histories of violence and the politics of memory in Eastern Bosnia,” in The new Bosnian mosaic: identities, memories and moral claims in a post-war society, ed. Xavier Bougarel et al. (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007), pp. 141– 166. Richard S. Esbenshade, “Remembering to forget: memory, history, national identity in postwar East-Central Europe,” Representations, 1995, 49: 72–96. Jan Tomasz Gross, Neighbors: The destruction of the Jewish community in Jedwabne (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001) Robert M. Hayden, “Recounting the dead: the rediscovery and redefinition of wartime massacres in late- and post-communist Yugoslavia,” in Memory, history, and opposition

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under state socialism, ed. Rubie S. Watson (Santa Fe: School of American Research Press, 1994), pp. 167–201. Stef Jansen, “The violence of memories: local narratives of the past after ethnic cleansing in Croatia,” Rethinking History, 2002, 6(1): 77–93. Slawomir Kapralski, “Battlefields of memory: landscape and identity in Polish-Jewish relations,” History and Memory, 2001, 13(2): 35–58. Paul B. Miller, Compromising memory: the site of the Sarajevo assassination (Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center, 2007) William Outhwaite and Larry Ray, Social theory and postcommunism (Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2005), pp. 177–196. Cornelia Sorabji, “Managing memories in post-war Sarajevo: individuals, bad memories, and new wars,’ Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 2006, 12: 1–18. Katrin Steffen, “Disputed memory: Jewish past, Polish remembrance,” Eurozine, 2008.11.27. Michael Stewart, “Remembering without commemoration: the mnemonics and politics of Holocaust memories among European Roma,” Journal of Royal Anthropological Institute, 2004, 10(3): 561–582. Catherine Verdery, “The restless bones of bishop Inochentie Micu,” in The political lives of dead bodies: reburial and postsocialist change (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999), pp. 55–93.

8. Vallási mobilizáció és kulturális örökség Mart Bax, “Warlords, priests and the politics of ethnic cleansing: a case study from rural Bosnia-Herzegovina,” Ethnic and Racial Studies, 23(1): 16–36. Xavier Bougarel, “Death and the nationalist: martyrdom, war memory and veteran identity among Bosnian Muslims,” in The new Bosnian mosaic: identities, memories and moral claims in a post-war society, ed. Xavier Bougarel et al. (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007), pp. 167– 191. Albert Doja, “Instrumental borders of gender and religious conversion in the Balkans,” Religion, State & Society, 2008, 36(1): 55–63. Robert J. Donia, Nationalism and religious extremism in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo since 1990 (Ljubljana: International Institute for the Middle East and Balkan Studies, 2007) Ger Duijzings, Religion and the politics of identity in Kosovo (London: Hurst & Company, 2000) Chris Hann, “Postsocialist nationalism: rediscovering the past in Southeast Poland,” Slavic Review, 57(4): 840–863. Andrew Herscher, “Counter-heritage and violence,” Future Anterior, 2006, 3(2): 24–33. Noreen Herzfeld, “Lessons from Srebrenica: the danger of religious nationalism,” Journal of Religion & Society, Supplement Series 2, 2007, 110–116. Carolin Leutloff-Grandits, “Religious celebrations and the (re)creation of communities in post-war Knin, Croatia,” in Memory, politics and religion, ed. Frances Pine (Münster: Lit Verlag, 2004), pp. 229–254. András J. Riedlmayer, “From the ashes: the past and future of Bosnia’s cultural heritage,” in Islam and Bosnia: conflict resolution and foreign policy in multi-ethnic states, ed. Maya Shatzmiller (Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press, 2002), pp. 98–135. Mitja Velikonja, “In hoc signo vinces: Vallási szimbolizmus a balkáni háborúkban 1991– 1995,” Limes, 2003, 16(1): 163–175.

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9. Levéltár: Open Society Archive (OSA)

10. Etnicizált erőszak Mart Bax, “Violence formations and “ethnic cleansing” at a Bosnian pilgrimage site,” in Conflict in a globalising world: studies in honour of Peter Kloos, ed. Dick Kooiman et al. (Assen: Van Gorcum, 2002), pp. 69–87. Lynda E. Boose, “Crossing the river Drina: Bosnian rape camps, Turkish impalement, and Serb cultural memory,” Signs, 2002, 28(1): 71–96. Ismail Kadare, Kettétört április (Budapest: Ulpius-ház, 2000) Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit [The Code of Lekë Dukagjini] (New York: Gjonlekaj Publishing Company, 1989) Milan Milošević, “The media wars: 1987–1997,” in Burn this house: the making and unmaking of Yugoslavia, ed. Jasminka Udovički and James Ridgeway (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2000), pp. 108–129. Vasiliki P. Neofotistos, “Beyond stereotypes: violence and the porousness of ethnic boundaries in the Republic of Macedonia,” History and Anthropology, 15(1): 47–67. Maja Povrzanovic Frykman, “Violence and the re-discovery of place,” Ethnologia Europaea, 32(2): 69–88. Stephanie Schwander-Sievers, “Times past: references for the construction of local order in present-day Albania,” in Balkan identities: nation and memory, ed. Maria Todorova (London: Hurst & Company, 2004), pp. 103–128. ‘The rifle has the devil inside’: gun culture in South Eastern Europe (Belgrade: SEESAC, 2006) 11. Film: Gori vatra (rendezte Pjer Žalica, 2003)

12. „Nemzetközi közösség” és államépítés Tone Bringa, “Haunted by the imagination of the past: Robert Kaplan’s “Balkan Ghosts”,” in Why America’s top pundits are wrong: anthropologists talk back, ed. Catherine Besteman and Hugh Gusterson (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005), pp. 60–82. Jane K. Cowan, “Fixing national subjects in the 1920s southern Balkans: also an international practice,” American Ethnologist, 35(2): 338–356. Thomas Cushman, “Anthropology and genocide in the Balkans: an analysis of conceptual practices of power,” Anthropological Theory, 2004, 4(1): 5–28. Nicola C. Guy: “Fixing the frontiers? Ethnography, power politics and the delimitation of Albania, 1912 to 1914,” Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism, 2005, 5(1): 27–49. Carl Dahlman and Gearóid Ó Tuathail, “Broken Bosnia: the localized geopolitics of displacement and return in two Bosnian places,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 2005, 95(3): 644–662.

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Etnicitás, nemzet- és államépítés Kelet-Európában

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