WISATA ALAM PERSAWAHAN DI UBUD

LANDASAN KONSEPTUAL PERANCANGAN TUGAS AKHIR

Diajukan Untuk Melengkapi Tugas-Tugas Dalam Memenuhi Syarat-Syarat Guna Mencapai Gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur Periode Februari 2016

WISATA ALAM PERSAWAHAN DI UBUD

Oleh : IDA BAGUS GEDE EKA ARIMBAWA 1204205118

UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA FAKULTAS TEKNIK JURUSAN ARSITEKTUR (REGULER) 2016

LANDASAN KONSEPTUAL PERANCANGAN TUGAS AKHIR

Diajukan Untuk Melengkapi Tugas-Tugas Dalam Memenuhi Syarat-Syarat Guna Mencapai Gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur Periode Februari 2016


Oleh : IDA BAGUS GEDE EKA ARIMBAWA 1204205118

Dosen Pembimbing: 1. Dr. Ir. Ida Bagus Gde Wirawibawa, MT. 2. Ir. I Gusti Bagus Budjana, MT.

UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA FAKULTAS TEKNIK JURUSAN ARSITEKTUR (REGULER) 2016


IDA BAGUS GEDE EKA ARIMBAWA 1204205118

2016

TUGAS AKHIR

JURUSAN ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS TEKNIK, UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA

ABSTRACT There are a lot of nature panorama scenery that is located in Ubud, specially the rice fields with architectural design that is very potential for nature-based tourism destination. But, it is unfortunate that the rice fields in Ubud only used as view by investors and for building villa or even hotel. This condition will affect the rice fields in Ubud. If this phenomenon continues, then maybe in the future Ubud will lose its beautiful rice fields. By predicting the future, it is necessary to do some effort to save the rice fields in Ubud, in choosing Ubud as a nature-based tourism destination that is completed with good facilities, well-organized, comfortable, beautiful and the harmony between the architecture and nature. This naturebased tourism destination could be in a form of tracking, recreation, and also education above a plain land surrounding by rice firlds 1.7 hectare in total will surely give positive impact for the rice fields or farmers to maintain the beautiful view of rice fields in Ubud. Keywords: nature-based tourism destination, rice fields, harmony, Ubud

ABSTRAK Sangat banyak panorama alam yang terdapat di Ubud khususnya persawahan yang berpotensi sebagai wisata alam dan ditambah dengan desain arsitektur yang bisa meningkatkan potensi dari wisata alam persawahan tersebut. Tetapi sangat disayangkan persawahan di Ubud hanya dijadikan view oleh investor dan sebagai tempat untuk dibangun villa maupun hotel. Keadaan ini akan berakibat kepada persawahan di Ubud. Apabila fenomena ini terus berlanjut maka mungkin di masa depan Ubud akan kehilangan sawahnya. Melihat kenyataan tersebut maka perlu adanya upaya untuk mempertahankan persawahandi Ubud, dengan menjadikan ubud sebagai wisata alam yang memiliki sarana dan prasarana yang lengkap, pengelolaan yang baik, memberikan kenyamanan, keindahan, dan keharmonisan antara arsitektur dengan alam. Wisata ini berupa tracking, rekreasi, dan edukasi di atas lahan kosong serta persawahan dengan luas 1.7 hektar yang akan memberikan dampak positif pada persawahan serta petani untuk menjaga keasrian persawahan di Ubud. Kata Kunci: wisata alam, persawahan, keharmonisan, Ubud

SEMINAR TUGAS AKHIR - WISATA ALAM PERSAWAHAN DI UBUD


KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur kehadapan Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena berkat rahmat dan karunia-Nya, Landasan Konseptual Perancangan Tugas Akhir yang berjudul “Wisata Alam Persawahan di Ubud” dapat terselesaikan tepat pada waktunya. Landasan Konseptual Perancangan Tugas Akhir ini terdiri lima buah bahasan yang terdiri dari atas BAB I dijabarkan penjelasan awal mengenai latar belakang penyusunan judul terpilih, BAB II dijabarkan mengenai pemahaman terhadap proyek, BAB III dijabarkan potensi dan permasalahan proyek, BAB IV dijabarkan pemrograman, BAB V dijabarkan mengenai konsep perancangan. Pada akhir dari laporan telah dilengkapi dengan hasil dari proses Studio Tugas Akhir yang terdiri atas trasformasi konsep, perancangan tapak (site planning), perancangan bangunan (building design) dan persefektif berupa gambar tiga dimensi. Pada kesempatan ini disampaikan terima kasih kepada pihak-pihak yang telah membantu secara langsung maupun tidak langsung dalam proses penyusunan dan penulisan tugas ini. Terima kasih secara khusus disampaikan kepada : 1. Bapak Prof. Ir. Ngakan Putu Gede Suardana, MT, Ph.D., Selaku Dekan Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Udayana 2. Ibu Dr. Ir. Anak Agung Ayu Oka Saraswati, MT., Selaku Ketua Jurusan Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Udayana 3. Bapak I Wayan Yuda Manik, ST., MT., Selaku Pembimbing Akademik, Jurusan Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Udayana 4. Bapak Dr. Ir. Syamsul Alam Paturusi, MSP. Selaku Dosen Koordinator Seminar Tugas Akhir, Jurusan Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Udayana 5. Bapak Ir. I Nyoman Surata, MT., Selaku Dosen Koordinator Studio Tugas Akhir, Jurusan Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Udayana 6. Bapak Dr. Ir. Ida Bagus Gde Wirawibawa, MT. Selaku Dosen Pembimbing I Seminar dan Studio Tugas Akhir

TUGAS AKHIR - WISATA ALAM PERSAWAHAN DI UBUD

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7. Bapak Ir. I Gusti Bagus Budjana, MT. Selaku Dosen Pembimbing II Seminar dan Studio Tugas Akhir 8. Bapak dan Ibu Pegawai Tata Usaha Jurusan Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Udayana 9. Bapak dan Ibud Pegawai Perpustakaan Jurusan Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Udayana 10. Kedua Orang Tua, saudara, kerabat yang telah mendukung dalam hal moral maupun financial, serta kepada seluruh pihak yang memberikan dorongan dan semangat dalam proses penyelesaian seminar dan studio tugas akhir ini. Sangat disadari bahwa tugas ini masih banyak kekurangan, sehingga diharapkan adanya masukan baik berupa kritik maupun saran untuk penyusunan didalam tugas ini. Semoga tugas ini nantinya bermanfat bagi semua pihak.

Denpasar, Pebruari 2016 Penulis

I.B. Gede Eka Arimbawa (1204205118)


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DAFTAR ISI

Kata Pengantar ...................................................................................................... i Daftar Isi ............................................................................................................... iii Daftar Gambar .................................................................................................... vii Daftar Tabel ........................................................................................................ xii BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1. Latar Belakang........................................................................................ 1 1.2. Rumusan Masalah .................................................................................. 3 1.3. Tujuan dan Sasaran ............................................................................... 3 1.4. Metode Penelitian ................................................................................... 4 BAB II PEMAHAMAN TERHADAP WISATA ALAM PERSAWAHAN 2.1. Pemahaman Terhadap Wisata .............................................................. 7 2.1.1. Pengertian Wisata .............................................................................. 7 2.1.2. Faktor Dasar Pengertian Pariwisata ................................................... 8 2.1.3. Ragam Pariwisata .............................................................................. 9 2.1.4. Elemen Pariwisata ........................................................................... 10 2.1.5. Daerah Tujuan Wisata ..................................................................... 11 2.1.6. Konsep Perancangan Pariwisata ...................................................... 16 2.2. Pemahaman Terhadap Alam ............................................................... 17 2.2.1. Pengertian Alam .............................................................................. 17 2.2.2. Pengertian Wisata Alam .................................................................. 17 2.2.3. Jenis-jenis Kegiatan Wisata Alam ................................................... 18 2.2.4. Unsur Daya Tarik Wisata Alam ...................................................... 18 2.2.5. Sifat atau Karakter Objek dan Daya Tarik Wisata Alam ................ 18 2.3. Pemahaman Terhadap Persawahan ................................................... 19 2.3.1. Pengertian Persawahan .................................................................... 19 2.3.2. Macam-macam Sawah Menurut Sistem Irigasi ............................... 20


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2.4 . Persyaratan Ruang ................................................................................21 2.4.1.Restoran ........................................................................................... 21 2.4.2.Kntor Pengelola ............................................................................... 23 2.4.3.Jalur Tracking .................................................................................. 24 2.4.4.Lobby ............................................................................................... 24 2.4.5.Retail ................................................................................................ 25 2.4.6.Ruang Clening Servis ...................................................................... 25 2.4.7.Parkir ................................................................................................ 25 2.5. Kajian Fasilitas Sejenis .........................................................................25 2.5.1. Wisata Jatiluwih, Tabanan ................................................................26 2.5.2. Desa Kertalangu, Jln By Pass Ngurah Rai .......................................29 2.5.3. Wisata Ceking Tegallalang, Gianyar ................................................34 2.5.4. Kesimpulan Terhadap Objek Sejenis ...............................................40 2.6. Spesifikasi Umum Wisata Alam Persawahan .....................................41 BAB III

STUDI

PENGADAAN

PROYEK

WISATA

ALAM

PERSAWAHAN DI UBUD 3.1

Dasar Pertimbangan Pemilihan Kabupaten Gianyar .......................44 3.1.1 Kondisi Sosial Kabupaten Gianyar...................................................45 3.1.2 Kepariwisataan Kabupaten Gianyar .................................................46 3.1.3 Peraturan RTRW Kabupaten Gianyar ..............................................49

3.2

Studi Kelayakan Wisata Alam Persawahan di Ubud ........................51 3.2.1 Analisa SWOT ................................................................................. 51 3.2.2 Hubungan Antar Komponen SWOT................................................ 52 3.2.3 Kesimpulan Dari Komponen SWOT ............................................... 54

3.3 Spesifikasi Khusus Wisata Alam Persawahan di Ubud ....................56 3.3.1 Pengertian ........................................................................................ 56 3.3.2 Fungsi............................................................................................... 56 3.3.3 Tujuan dan Sasaran .......................................................................... 56 3.3.4 Kegiatan Yang di Wadahi ................................................................ 57 3.3.5 Klasifikasi Fasilitas .......................................................................... 58 3.3.6 Struktur Organisasi .......................................................................... 60 3.3.7 Sistem Pengelolaan .......................................................................... 60


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3.3.8 Waktu Oprasional ............................................................................ 60 3.3.9 Persyaratan Lokasi ........................................................................... 61 BAB IV TEMA DAN PEMROGRAMAN 4.1 Tema .......................................................................................................... 62 4.1.1 Pendekatan Tema ............................................................................. 62 4.1.2 Elaborasi Tema ................................................................................ 63 4.1.3 Perwujudan Tema Perancangan ....................................................... 64 4.2 Program Fungsional ................................................................................. 65 4.2.1 Pelaku Kegiatan ............................................................................... 65 4.2.2 Rekapitulasi Kebutuhan Ruang........................................................ 72 4.2.3 Studi Kapasitas Pelaku ..................................................................... 73 4.3 Program Performansi .............................................................................. 75 4.3.1 Kebutuhan Ruang............................................................................. 75 4.3.2 Tuntutan dan Persyaratan Ruang ..................................................... 76 4.4 Program Arsitektur .................................................................................. 81 4.4.1 Pengelompokan Ruang .................................................................... 88 4.4.2 Analisa Hubungan Ruang ................................................................ 90 4.4.3 Analisa Sirkulasi Ruang ................................................................... 92 4.4.4 Analisa Organisasi Ruang ................................................................ 93 4.5 Program Tapak ......................................................................................... 94 4.5.1 Kebutuhan Tapak ............................................................................. 94 4.5.2 Penentuan Lokasi ............................................................................. 94 4.5.3 Analisa Tapak Terpilih .................................................................... 97 BAB V KONSEP PERANCANGAN 5.1 Konsep Perancangan Site....................................................................... 107 5.1.1 Konsep Entrance Site .................................................................... .107 5.1.2 Konsep Zoning Site ....................................................................... .110 5.1.3 Konsep Bentuk Massa................................................................... .112 5.1.4 Konsep Pola Massa ....................................................................... .114 5.1.5 Konsep Sirkulasi Site .................................................................... .116 5.1.6 Konsep Orientasi Massa ............................................................... .117 TUGAS AKHIR - WISATA ALAM PERSAWAHAN DI UBUD

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5.1.7 Konsep Ruang Luar ...................................................................... .118 5.1.8 Konsep Parkir ............................................................................... .122 5.1.9 Konsep Utilitas Site ...................................................................... .124 5.2 Konsep Perancangan Bangunan ............................................................126 5.2.1 Konsep

Entrance

Bangunan

........................................................................................................12 6 5.2.2 Konsep

Zoning

Bangunan

........................................................................................................12 8 5.2.3 Konsep

Ruang

Dalam

........................................................................................................13 0 5.2.4 Konsep

Sirkulasi

........................................................................................................13 1 5.2.5 Konsep

Tampilan

Bangunan

........................................................................................................13 3 5.2.6 Konsep

Struktur

........................................................................................................13 4 5.2.7 Konsep

Utilitas

........................................................................................................13 6 DAFTAR PUSTAKA .........................................................................................147


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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1.Sistem Kepariwisataan .................................................................... 11 Gambar 2.2.Restoran-Cafe .................................................................................. 22 Gambar 2.3.Restoran-Bar .................................................................................... 22 Gambar 2.4.Ruang Pengelola Dimensi Besar ..................................................... 23 Gambar 2.5.Ruang Pengelola Dimensi Kecil ...................................................... 24 Gambar 2.6.Parkir ............................................................................................... 25 Gambar 2.7.Kawasan Jatiluwih, Tabanan ........................................................... 26 Gambar 2.8.Restoran Jatiluwih ........................................................................... 27 Gambar 2.9.Kantor Pengelola ............................................................................. 27 Gambar 2.10.Parkir Barat .................................................................................... 27 Gambar 2.11.Parkir Selatan ................................................................................. 27 Gambar 2.12.Rumah Makan Jatiluwih ................................................................ 28 Gambar 2.13.Rumah Makan Jatiluwih ................................................................ 28 Gambar 2.14.Persawahan Jatiluwih .................................................................... 28 Gambar 2.15.Loket Karcis .................................................................................. 28 Gambar 2.16.Tracking Jatiluwih ......................................................................... 28 Gambar 2.17.Desa Budaya Kertalangu ............................................................... 29 Gambar 2.18.Kawasan Desa Budaya Kertalangu ............................................... 30 Gambar 2.19.Objek Wisata Sawah Desa Kertalangu .......................................... 31 Gambar 2.20.Tracking Desa Kertalangu ............................................................. 31 Gambar 2.21.Bale Bengong Desa Kertalangu ..................................................... 31 Gambar 2.22.Parkir Motor dan Mobil Desa Kertalangu ..................................... 31 Gambar 2.23.Parkir Bus Desa Kertalangu .......................................................... 31 Gambar 2.24.Toilet Umum ................................................................................. 32 TUGAS AKHIR - WISATA ALAM PERSAWAHAN DI UBUD

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Gambar 2.25.Area Outbound (1)..........................................................................32 Gambar 2.26.Area Outbound (2)..........................................................................32 Gambar 2.27.Toko Souvenir (1) ..........................................................................32 Gambar 2.28.Toko Souvenir (2) ..........................................................................32 Gambar 2.29.Ruang Pertemuan ...........................................................................32 Gambar 2.30.Area Permainan Anak-anak (1) ......................................................33 Gambar 2.31.Area Permainan Anak-anak (2) ......................................................33 Gambar 2.32.Restoran (1) ....................................................................................33 Gambar 2.33.Restoran (2) ....................................................................................33 Gambar 2.34.Kolam Pancing ...............................................................................33 Gambar 2.35.Wisata Ceking Terrace ...................................................................34 Gambar 2.36.Kawasan Wisata Ceking Terrace ...................................................35 Gambar 2.37.Persawahan Wisata Ceking ............................................................36 Gambar 2.38.Tracking Wisata Ceking .................................................................36 Gambar 2.39.Toko Souvenir ................................................................................36 Gambar 2.40.Mini Market ....................................................................................36 Gambar 2.41.Toko Patung ...................................................................................36 Gambar 2.42.Cafe (1) ...........................................................................................37 Gambar 2.43.Cafe (2) ...........................................................................................37 Gambar 2.44.Mini Market ....................................................................................37 Gambar 2.45.Toko Baju .......................................................................................37 Gambar 2.46.Restoran (1) ....................................................................................38 Gambar 2.47.Restoran (2) ....................................................................................38 Gambar 2.48.Toko Souvenir ................................................................................38 Gambar 2.49.Cafe ................................................................................................38 Gambar 2.50.Parkir Ceking Terrace ....................................................................39


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Gambar 2.46.Parkir Ceking Terrace ................................................................... 39 Gambar 3.1.Peta Pulau Bali ................................................................................ 45 Gambar 3.2.Peta Kabupaten Gianyar .................................................................. 45 Gambar 3.3.Peta Kawasan Pariwisata Kabupaten Gianyar ................................. 48 Gambar 3.4.Struktur Organisasi Wisata Alam Persawahan ................................ 60 Gambar 4.1.Pelaku Kegiatan Wisata Alam Persawahan ..................................... 65 Gambar 4.2.Hubungan Kelompok Ruang Makro ............................................... 90 Gambar 4.3.Hubungan Kelompok Ruang Utama ............................................... 90 Gambar 4.4.Hubungan Kelompok Ruang Penunjang ......................................... 91 Gambar 4.5.Hubungan Kelompok Ruang Pengelola .......................................... 91 Gambar 4.6.Hubungan Kelompok Ruang Servis ................................................ 91 Gambar 4.7.Hubungan Kelompok Ruang Luar ................................................... 91 Gambar 4.8.Sirkulasi Ruang Wisata Alam Persawahan ..................................... 92 Gambar 4.9.Organisasi Ruang Wisata Alam Persawahan................................... 93 Gambar 4.10.Site Alternatif 1 ............................................................................. 95 Gambar 4.11.Site Alternatif 2 ............................................................................. 96 Gambar 4.12.Lokasi Tapak ................................................................................. 97 Gambar 4.13.Bentuk dan Ukuran Tapak ............................................................. 98 Gambar 4.14.Topografi ....................................................................................... 99 Gambar 4.15.Vegitasi ........................................................................................ 100 Gambar 4.16.Pohon Yang Terdapat Pada Site .................................................. 101 Gambar 4.17.View Sekitar Tapak ..................................................................... 102 Gambar 4.18.Kebisingan dan Traffic ................................................................ 103 Gambar 4.19.Utilitas ......................................................................................... 104 Gambar 4.20.Jaringan Listrik Pada Site ............................................................ 104 Gambar 4.21.Iklim Pada Tapak ......................................................................... 105


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Gambar 4.22.Hasil Analisa Curah Hujan ...........................................................106 Gambar 4.23.Hasil Analisa Pergerakan Angin ..................................................106 Gambar 4.24.Hasil Analisa Sinar Matahari .......................................................106 Gambar 5.1.Analisa Perletakan Alternatif Konsep Entrance ............................109 Gambar 5.2.Denah Main Entrance ....................................................................110 Gambar 5.3.Kesimpulan Zoning Site .................................................................112 Gambar 5.4.Alternatif Bentuk Massa .................................................................113 Gambar 5.5.Kesimpulan Bentuk Massa .............................................................114 Gambar 5.6.Analisa Pola Massa Cluster ............................................................115 Gambar 5.7.Kesimpulan Pola Massa Cluster .....................................................115 Gambar 5.8.Alur Sirkulasi Site ..........................................................................117 Gambar 5.9.Orientasi Massa ..............................................................................118 Gambar 5.10.Vegitasi Sebagai Pengarah ...........................................................120 Gambar 5.11.Vegitasi Sebagai Peneduh ............................................................120 Gambar 5.12.Vegitasi Sebagai Hiasan ...............................................................120 Gambar 5.13.Konsep Ruang Luar (Taman) .......................................................120 Gambar 5.14.Konsep Ruang Luar (Jalur Tracking) ...........................................121 Gambar 5.15.Detail Jalur Tracking ....................................................................121 Gambar 5.16.Lampu Jalur Tracking...................................................................121 Gambar 5.17.Analisa Parkir Mobil ....................................................................122 Gambar 5.18.Analisa Parkir Sepeda Motor .......................................................122 Gambar 5.19.Kesimpulan Parkir Mobil dan Sepeda Motor ...............................123 Gambar 5.20.Kesimpulan Utilitas Air Bersih, Kotor, dan Air Bekas ................125 Gambar 5.21.Kesimpulan Utilitas Site Jaringan Listrik dan Telepon ................125 Gambar 5.22.Entrance Bangunan .......................................................................127 Gambar 5.23.Bangunan Jineng ..........................................................................127


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Gambar 5.24.Kesimpulan Bentuk Entrance Bangunan .................................... 127 Gambar 5.25.Zoning Site................................................................................... 128 Gambar 5.26.Kesimpulan Zoning Bangunan .................................................... 129 Gambar 5.27.Kesimpulan Ruang Dalam ........................................................... 131 Gambar 5.28.Sirkulasi Bangunan ...................................................................... 132 Gambar 5.29.Tampilan Bangunan ..................................................................... 133 Gambar 5.30.Tampilan Bangunan Keseluruhan ............................................... 134 Gambar 5.31.Konsep Upper Struktur................................................................ 135 Gambar 5.32.Konsep Super Struktur ................................................................ 135 Gambar 5.33.Konsep Sub Struktur .................................................................... 136 Gambar 5.34.Sistem Pengolahan Air Bersih ..................................................... 137 Gambar 5.35.Sistem Pengolahan Air Kotor ...................................................... 138 Gambar 5.36.Sistem Pengolahan Air Bekas...................................................... 138 Gambar 5.37.Sistem Komunikasi ...................................................................... 139 Gambar 5.38.Sistem Kelistrikan ....................................................................... 140 Gambar 5.39.Sistem Pencahayaan Buatan ........................................................ 142 Gambar 5.40.Down Light .................................................................................. 142 Gambar 5.41.Sistem Pencahayaan Alami ......................................................... 142 Gambar 5.42.Sistem Penghawaan Buatan ......................................................... 143 Gambar 5.43.AC Split ....................................................................................... 143 Gambar 5.44.Sistem Penghawaan Alami .......................................................... 143 Gambar 5.45.Tabung Pemadam Api ................................................................. 144 Gambar 5.46.Smoke Detector ........................................................................... 144 Gambar 5.47.Sprinkler ...................................................................................... 144 Gambar 5.48.Sistem Pembuangan Sampah ....................................................... 145 Gambar 5.49.Sistem CCTV............................................................................... 146


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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.1.Kesimpulan Objek Sejenis dan Pertimbangannya ................................40 Tabel 3.2.Kawasan Pariwisata Kabupaten Gianyar ..............................................47 Tabel 3.3.Analisa SWOT Pengadaan Proyek .......................................................51 Tabel 3.4.Hubungan Antar Komponen SWOT Pengadaan Proyek ......................52 Tabel 3.5.Kesimpulan Dari Komponen SWOT Pengadaan Proyek .....................54 Tabel 4.6.Rekapitulasi Kebutuhan Ruang .............................................................72 Tabel 4.7.Data Kunjungan Wisatawan Ke Objek Wisata di Gianyar ...................73 Tabel 4.8.Rekapitulasi Kapasitas Pengelola .........................................................54 Tabel 4.9.Tuntutan dan Persyaratan Ruang Utama ...............................................76 Tabel 4.10.Tuntutan dan Persyaratan Ruang Penunjang ......................................77 Tabel 4.11.Tuntutan dan Persyaratan Ruang Pengelola........................................78 Tabel 4.12.tuntutan dan Persyaratan Ruang Servis ...............................................80 Tabel 4.13.Tuntutan dan Persyaratan Ruang Luar ................................................81 Tabel 4.14.Program Arsitektural Wisata Alam Persawahan .................................82 Tabel 4.15.Rekapitulasi Kebutuhan Parkir ...........................................................88 Tabel 4.16.Pengelompokan Ruang .......................................................................89


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WISATA ALAM PERSAWAHAN DI UBUD

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