DAFTAR ISI
Halaman Judul ....................................................................................................................... i Halaman Pengesahan ............................................................................................................. ii Halaman Pernyataan .............................................................................................................. iv Abstraksi ................................................................................................................................ v Kata Pengantar ....................................................................................................................... vii Daftar isi................................................................................................................................. ix Daftar Gambar ....................................................................................................................... xii Daftar Tabel ........................................................................................................................... xiv
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
1.1.Latar Belakang ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1.1.Kesenian di Yogyakarta .......................................................................................... 1 1.1.2.Tempat-tempat Pertunjukan di Yogyakarta ............................................................ 5 1.1.3.Ruang Pertunjukan yang Fleksibel ......................................................................... 9 1.1.4.Pemilihan Lokasi .................................................................................................... 10 1.2.Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................................................ 12 1.2.1.Permasalahan Umum ............................................................................................. 12 1.2.2.Permasalahan Khusus ............................................................................................ 12 1.3.Tujuan .............................................................................................................................. 13 1.4.Sasaran ............................................................................................................................. 13 1.5.Metoda Penyelesaian Masalah ......................................................................................... 13 1.5.1.Studi Literatur ........................................................................................................ 13 1.5.2.Survei Lapangan .................................................................................................... 13 1.5.3.Studi Kasus ............................................................................................................ 13 1.5.4.Metoda Analisis-Sintesis ....................................................................................... 13 1.5.5.Metode Pengujian Desain ...................................................................................... 14 1.6.Keaslian Penulis ............................................................................................................... 14 1.7.Kerangka Pola Pikir ......................................................................................................... 15
BAB II KAJIAN TEORI 2.1.Tinjauan tentang Seni Pertunjukan .................................................................................. 16 2.1.1. Pengertian Seni Pertunjukan .................................................................................. 16 ix
2.1.2. Seni Tari ................................................................................................................. 16 2.1.3. Seni Musik ............................................................................................................. 17 2.1.4. Seni Teater ............................................................................................................. 18 2.1.5. Performing Arts Center.......................................................................................... 19 2.2.Tinjauan tentang Perancangan Auditorium ..................................................................... 19 2.2.1. Macam-macam Bentuk Panggung ......................................................................... 19 2.2.2. Bentuk Ruang Konser ............................................................................................ 21 2.2.3. Pengaturan Kursi Penonton.................................................................................... 22 2.3.Tinjauan Akustik .............................................................................................................. 24 2.3.1. Garis Besar Persyaratan Akustik ........................................................................... 24 2.3.2. Pengendalian Dengung .......................................................................................... 25 2.3.3. Persyaratan Akustik Gedung Teater ...................................................................... 27 2.4.Tinjauan tentang Ruang Pertunjukan yang Fleksibel ...................................................... 27 2.5.Tinjauan tentang Teknologi untuk Menciptakan Ruang Pertunjukan yang Fleksibel ..... 28 2.5.1. Stage and Platform ................................................................................................ 28 2.5.2. Audience Seating Systems ...................................................................................... 30 2.6.Studi Kasus (Perth Concert Hall) .................................................................................... 31
BAB III ANALISIS 3.1. Analisis Site .................................................................................................................... 38 3.1.1. Data Site Eksisting ................................................................................................. 39 3.2. Analisis Pelaku Kegiatan ................................................................................................ 44 3.2.1. Pengunjung Performing Arts Center ..................................................................... 44 3.2.2. Pengelola Performing Arts Center ......................................................................... 45 3.2.3. Pelaku Seni Pertunjukan Performing Arts Center ................................................. 45 3.3. Analisis Besaran Ruang .................................................................................................. 46 3.3.1. Area Penonton ........................................................................................................ 46 3.3.2. Area Panggung ....................................................................................................... 48 3.3.3. Besaran Ruang Total Bangunan............................................................................. 51 3.3.4. Besaran Area Parkir ............................................................................................... 53 3.4. Analisis Hubungan Ruang .............................................................................................. 54 3.5. Analisis Ruang Pertunjukan yang Fleksibel ................................................................... 55 3.5.1. Karakter Pertunjukan Musik .................................................................................. 55 3.5.2. Karakter Pertunjukan Tari...................................................................................... 56 x
3.5.3. Karakter Pertunjukan Teater .................................................................................. 56 3.5.5. Bentuk Gedung Pertunjukan .................................................................................. 57 3.5.5. Bentuk Panggung Fleksibel ................................................................................... 60 3.6. Analisis Pengaruh Teknologi terhadap Struktur ............................................................. 65 3.6.1. Teknologi pada Panggung...................................................................................... 66 3.6.2. Teknologi pada Tempat Duduk Penonton ............................................................. 67 3.7. Analisis Akustik .............................................................................................................. 68
BAB IV KONSEP 4.1. Konsep Zoning ................................................................................................................ 70 4.2. Konsep Sirkulasi ............................................................................................................. 71 4.3. Penataan Massa Bangunan .............................................................................................. 72 4.4. Konsep Panggung ........................................................................................................... 74 4.5. Konsep Akustik ............................................................................................................... 76 DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN
xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1.1. Peta Yogyakarta ................................................................................................ 1 Gambar 1.2. Festival Musik di Tembi .................................................................................. 3 Gambar 1.3. YGF 2013 .......................................................................................................... 3 Gambar 1.4. Tari Gambyong ................................................................................................. 4 Gambar 1.5. 5th Bedog Art Festival ..................................................................................... 4 Gambar 1.6. Pentas Teater .................................................................................................... 5 Gambar 1.7. Pentas Teater .................................................................................................... 5 Gambar 1.8. Site Jalan Jenderal Sudirman ........................................................................... 10 Gambar 1.9. Batas Utara (Jalan Jenderal Sudirman) ............................................................ 11 Gambar 1.10. Batas Barat (Jalan Sunaryo) ........................................................................... 11 Gambar 1.11. Lahan Kosong di Lokasi (McD Sudirman) ..................................................... 12 Gambar 1.12. Bangunan Eksisting McD Sudirman ............................................................... 12 Gambar 2.1. Panggung Arena ................................................................................................ 19 Gambar 2.2. Panggung Proscenium....................................................................................... 20 Gambar 2.3. Panggung Thrust ............................................................................................... 21 Gambar 2.4. Bentuk-bentuk Ruang Konser ........................................................................... 21 Gambar 2.5. Dimensi Kursi ................................................................................................... 23 Gambar 2.6. Ruang antar Kursi ............................................................................................. 24 Gambar 2.7. Contoh Pergerakan Panggung Secara Vertikal ................................................. 29 Gambar 2.8. Contoh Pergerakan Panggung Secara Horisontal ............................................. 29 Gambar 2.9. Retracable Seating System ................................................................................ 30 Gambar 2.10. Standar Retracable Seating System ................................................................. 30 Gambar 2.11. Perth Concert Hall .......................................................................................... 31 Gambar 2.12. Layout Panggung Proscenium ........................................................................ 33 Gambar 2.13. Potongan Panggung Proscenium .................................................................... 33 Gambar 2.14. Layout Extended Stage .................................................................................... 34 Gambar 2.15. Layout Panggung Cabaret .............................................................................. 35 Gambar 2.16. Potongan Panggung Cabaret .......................................................................... 35 Gambar 2.17. Flat Layout ...................................................................................................... 36 Gambar 2.18. Potongan Flat Layout ...................................................................................... 36 Gambar 2.19. Standing Concert Layout ................................................................................ 37 Gambar 3.1. Lokasi Perancangan .......................................................................................... 38 xii
Gambar 3.2. Data Matahari .................................................................................................... 39 Gambar 3.3. Data Kebisisngan .............................................................................................. 40 Gambar 3.4. Data Aksesibilitas Site ...................................................................................... 41 Gambar 3.5. View .................................................................................................................. 42 Gambar 3.6. View di Sekitar Site .......................................................................................... 43 Gambar 3.7. Alur Pengunjung ............................................................................................... 44 Gambar 3.8. Alur Pengelola................................................................................................... 45 Gambar 3.9. Alur Pemain ...................................................................................................... 46 Gambar 3.10. Hubungan Antar Ruang .................................................................................. 54 Gambar 3.11. Panggung Proscenium..................................................................................... 62 Gambar 3.12. Tempat Duduk Fleksibel ................................................................................. 63 Gambar 3.13. Panggung Thrust ............................................................................................. 64 Gambar 3.14. Panggung Arena .............................................................................................. 65 Gambar 3.15. Panel-panel Lantai Panggung.......................................................................... 66 Gambar 3.16. Mesin Panggung .............................................................................................. 67 Gambar 3.17. Kursi Fleksibel ................................................................................................ 67 Gambar 4.1. Zoning ............................................................................................................... 70 Gambar 4.2. Sirkulasi ............................................................................................................ 71 Gambar 4.3. Bentuk Dasar Gubahan Massa .......................................................................... 72 Gambar 4.4. Perspektif Bangunan ......................................................................................... 73 Gambar 4.5. Bagian Cafe ....................................................................................................... 73 Gambar 4.6. Penggabungan Motif Batik Kawung dengan Bentuk Asimetris ....................... 74 Gambar 4.7. Transformasi Proscenium-Thrust ..................................................................... 75 Gambar 4.8. Transformasi Thrust-Arena ............................................................................... 76 Gambar 4.9. Aplikasi Material Akustik ................................................................................. 77 Gambar 4.10. Plafond ............................................................................................................ 77
xiii
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1. Jumlah Seni Pertunjukan Musik di Yogyakarta Agustus 2012 - Oktober 2013 ... 2 Tabel 1.2. Jumlah Seni Pertunjukan Tari di Yogyakarta Agustus 2012 - Oktober 2013 ...... 3 Tabel 1.3. Jumlah Seni Pertunjukan Teater di Yogyakarta Agustus 2012 - Oktober 2013 ... 4 Tabel 2.1. Koefisien Absorben Beberapa Material Bangunan .............................................. 26 Tabel 2.2. Kapasitas Gannochy Thrust Auditorium ............................................................... 34 Tabel 3.1. Volume Tempat Duduk Penonton ........................................................................ 47 Tabel 3.2. Kebutuhan Ruang Musik Pop dan Rock ............................................................... 48 Tabel 3.3. Kebutuhan Ruang Musik Jazz .............................................................................. 49 Tabel 3.4. Kebutuhan Ruang Musik Karawitan/Gamelan ..................................................... 50 Tabel 3.5. Kebutuhan Ruang Pertunjukan Tari ..................................................................... 51 Tabel 3.6. Besaran Ruang Berdasarkan Fungsi ..................................................................... 51 Tabel 3.7. Luas Total Bangunan ............................................................................................ 53 Tabel 3.8. Karakter Pertunjukan Musik ................................................................................. 55 Tabel 3.9. Karakter Pertunjukan Tari .................................................................................... 56 Tabel 3.10. Karakter Pertunjukan Teater ............................................................................... 56 Tabel 3.11. Bentuk-bentuk Dasar Gedung Pertunjukan ........................................................ 58 Tabel 3.12. Bentuk-bentuk Panggung Pertunjukan berdasarkan Arah Pandang ................... 60
xiv
