ABSTRAK PENGARUH BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH
Nidya Putri Ihsan, 2013. Pembimbing : dr. Sri Nadya Saanin, M.Kes. dr. Decky Gunawan, M.Kes, AIFO.
Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang memiliki prevalensi hipertensi tertinggi. Hal ini terlihat dari hasil pengukuran tekanan darah pada usia 18 tahun ke atas ditemukan prevalensi hipertensi di Indonesia sebesar 31,7%. Banyak obat herbal yang dipercaya secara empiris untuk menurunkan tekanan darah tinggi. Salah satunya adalah belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.). Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui apakah belimbing wuluh menurunkan tekanan darah. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 30 orang pria dewasa usia 18-28 tahun, dilakukan pengukuran tekanan darah sistol dan diastol dalam satuan mmHg setelah dan sebelum mengonsumsi 250 ml jus belimbing wuluh pada posisi duduk dan kaki menyentuh lantai dengan menggunakan sphygmomanometer air raksa. Analisis menggunakan uji t berpasangan dengan α=0,05. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa rerata tekanan darah sesudah mengonsumsi belimbing wuluh sebesar 111,50/77,67 mmHg lebih rendah dibandingkan tekanan darah rerata sebelum mengonsumsi belimbing wuluh yaitu sebesar 120,53/82,03 mmHg (p<0,01)**. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah belimbing wuluh menurunkan tekanan darah. Kata Kunci : Belimbing Wuluh, Tekanan darah
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ABSTRACT THE EFFECTS OF BILIMBI (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) ON DECREASING BLOOD PRESSURE
Nidya Putri Ihsan, 2013. Tutor : dr. Sri Nadya Saanin, M.Kes. dr. Decky Gunawan, M.Kes, AIFO.
Indonesia is one of the countries which has the highest prevalence of hypertension. This is an evident from the results of blood pressure measurements at the age of 18 years old which found the prevalence of hypertension is 31.7% in Indonesia. Many herbal medicines are believed to be able to empirically decrease high blood pressure. One of the herbal remediesis bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi L.). The objective of this research is to find out if bilimbi decreases blood pressure. This research was conducted in 30 adult male aged between 18-28 years old. Blood pressure measurements were taken systolic and diastolic in mmHg before and after consuming 250 ml of bilimbi juice in sitting position and feet touching the floor using sphygmomanometer. Statistic analysis used paired t-test (α=0,05). The result shows that the average blood pressure after consuming bilimbi 111,50/77,67 mmHg is lower than the average before consuming bilimbi 120,53/82,03 mmHg (p<0,01)**. In conclusion, bilimbi decreases blood pressure. Keywords: Bilimbi, Blood pressure
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DAFTAR ISI JUDUL.......................................................................................................... ........... i LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ................................................................................... ii SURAT PERNYATAAN ........................................................................................ iii ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. v KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................. vi DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................ viii DAFTAR TABEL.................................................................................................... x DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................... xi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................... xii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Identifikasi Masalah .................................................................................... 2 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ......................................................................................... 2 1.4 Kegunaan Penelitian .................................................................................... 2 1.5 Kerangka Pemikiran .................................................................................... 3 1.6 Hipotesis Penelitian ..................................................................................... 3
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Tekanan Darah............................................................................................. 4 2.1.1 Sistem Renin Angiotensin .................................................................. 6 2.1.2 Metode Pengukuran Tekanan Darah .................................................. 8 2.1.3 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tekanan Darah ...................................... 10 2.1.3.1 Faktor – Faktor Fisiologis Utama yang Dapat Mempengaruhi Tekanan Darah .............................................................................. 10 2.1.3.2 Faktor Tambahan yang Mempengaruhi Tekanan Darah .............. 11 2.2 Hipertensi..................................................................................................... 14 2.2.1 Klasifikasi Hipertensi ......................................................................... 15 2.3 Belimbing Wuluh ....................................................................................... 17 2.3.1 Taksonomi Belimbing Wuluh ............................................................ 17 2.3.2 Kandungan Zat Gizi Belimbing Wuluh .............................................. 18 2.3.3 Kandungan Senyawa Kimia dan Asam Organik Belimbing Wuluh................................................................................................... 18 2.3.4 Asal dan Distribusi Belimbing Wuluh ............................................... 20 viii
2.3.5 Kandungan Zat Gizi Belimbing Wuluh ............................................... 21 2.3.6 Kandungan Senyawa Kimia Belimbing Wuluh ................................... 23 2.3.7 Manfaat dan Khasiat Belimbing Wuluh ............................................... 23
BAB III BAHAN DAN METODE PENELITIAN 3.1 Bahan dan Subjek Penelitian ....................................................................... 25 3.1.1 Bahan dan Alat Penelitian .................................................................... 25 3.1.2 Subjek Penelitian .................................................................................. 25 3.2 Metode Penelitian ........................................................................................ 25 3.2.1 Desain Penelitian .................................................................................. 25 3.2.2 Variabel Penelitian................................................................................ 26 3.2.2.1 Variabel Perlakuan ....................................................................... 26 3.2.2.2 Variabel Respon ........................................................................... 26 3.2.2.3 Definisi Operasional Variabel Perlakuan ..................................... 26 3.2.2.2 Definisi Operasional Variabel Respon ......................................... 26 3.3 Besar dan Sampel Penelitian ....................................................................... 26 3.4 Prosedur Kerja ............................................................................................. 27 3.5 Analisis Data................................................................................................ 28 3.6 Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian...................................................................... 28
BAB IV HASIL, PEMBAHASAN DAN PENGUJIAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN 4.1 Hasil dan Pembahasan Penelitian ................................................................ 29 4.2 Pengujian Hipotesis Penelitian .................................................................... 30
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1 Simpulan ...................................................................................................... 33 5.2 Saran ............................................................................................................ 33
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .............................................................................................. 34 LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................................. 39 RIWAYAT HIDUP ................................................................................................. 42
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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.1 Tabel 2.2 Tabel 2.3 Tabel 4.1
Klasifikasi Tekanan Darah JNC VII .................................................... 15 Kandungan Zat Gizi Belimbing Wuluh ............................................... 21 Jumlah Kandungan Asam Organik Buah Belimbing Wuluh ............... 23 Tekanan Darah Rerata Sistolik dan Diastolik Sesudah dan Sebelum Mengkonsumsi Belimbing Wuluh ........................................ 29 Tabel L 2.1 Paired Samples Statistics Tekanan Darah Setelah dan Sebelum Mengkonsumsi Belimbing Wuluh ....................................................... 40 Tabel L 2.2 Paired Samples Correlations Tekanan Darah Setelah dan Sebelum Mengkonsumsi Belimbing Wuluh ........................................ 40 Tabel L 2.3 Paired Sample Test Tekanan Darah Setelah dan Sebelum Mengkonsumsi Belimbing Wuluh ....................................................... 41
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1 Sistem Renin Angiotensin ..................................................................... 7 Gambar 2.2 A.Buah Belimbing Wuluh; B.Pohon Belimbing Wuluh ....................... 17 Gambar 2.3 Batang, Cabang dan Daun Belimbing Wuluh ....................................... 19 Gambar 2.4 Bunga dan Buah Muda Belimbing Wuluh ............................................ 20
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran I Informed Consent ................................................................................. 39 Lampiran II Hasil Uji t Berpasangan untuk Tekanan Darah Setelah dan Sebelum Mengkonsumsi Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) .... 40
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