DEMO. Awareness. Lecture 1

DEMO Awareness Lecture 1

Docenten in de DA avondcolleges 2015/1 Jan Dietz

Emeritus hoogleraar Informatica, TU Delft Professor Enterprise Engineering, Antwerp Management School Directeur Sapio Enterprise Engineering

Hans Mulder (DEMO Expert)

Professor Enterprise Engineering, Antwerp Management School Hoogleraar Nieuwe systeemontwikkelingsmethoden, Universiteit Antwerpen Directeur VIAgroep NV

Niek Pluijmert (DEMO Expert) Directeur INQA Kwaliteitsmanager, projectmanager

Martin Op ‘t Land (DEMO Expert)

Professor Enterprise Engineering, Antwerp Management School Global Architect Capgemini

Joop de Jong (DEMO Expert) Directeur Mprise en Indigo Agriware Enterprise engineer DEMO Awareness 2015-1 – Lecture 1

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Welke bewering is niet waar?

1.  DEMO is een methode voor analyse/ontwerp van ICT-applicaties 2.  Jan Dietz heeft op een hoogte van 6000 m gewandeld 3.  DEMO is een methode voor analyse/ontwerp van bedrijfsprocessen 4.  Jan Dietz heeft minder dan 5 kleinkinderen 5.  DEMO is een methode voor analyse/ontwerp van organisaties 6.  Jan Dietz heeft meer dan 250 artikelen/boeken geschreven

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Curriculum Vitae   1970: Afgestudeerd aan de TU Eindhoven (Elektrotechniek), na van Prof. Edsger Dijkstra te hebben geleerd wat programmeren is.   1970-1980: Praktijk automatisering bij Philips en Rekencentrum TU Eindhoven. Overtuigd dat de gangbare methoden tekort schieten.   1980-1988: Universitair (hoofd)docent bij Technische Bedrijfskunde (TU Eindhoven). Onderzoek naar methoden o.l.v. Prof Theo Bemelmans. Daarop gepromoveerd in 1987.   1988-1994: Hoogleraar Bestuurlijke Informatiekunde aan de Universiteit van Maastricht (Bedrijfseconomie). Geboorte DEMO in 1992. Oprichting Sapio (consultancy) in 1992.   1994-2009: Hoogleraar Informatiesystemen aan de TU Delft. Verdere ontwikkeling DEMO. Oprichting Enterprise Engineering Instituut (beheer DEMO). Oprichting Ciao! Network (onderzoek theoretisch fundament)   Vanaf 2009: Onderzoek (publicaties, lezingen). Onderwijs (DEMO cursussen, AMS). Consultancy (supervisor, coach, gerechtsdeskundige) DEMO Awareness 2015-1 – Lecture 1

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Design & Engineering

DEMO

®

Methodology for Organizations essence and simplicity

Outline The paradigm shift in ICT The general PSI theory production, coordination, transaction the basic transaction pattern the process of a coordination act the complete transaction pattern the construction of organisations Conclusions


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JAN L.G. DIETZ

RED GARDEN GNOMES DON’T EXIST

ON THE ESSENCE OF ORGANISATION AND THE ROLE OF ICT

Red garden gnomes don’t exist – Prolog This insight is nothing less than a paradigm shift; you must be willing to grasp and adopt it. The price is that you have to throw off your current way of thinking about organisation and ICT. The reward will be a proper understanding of the prospects and limitations of ICT for humans, organisations, and society at large, so that you will no longer feel uncomfortable with nonsensical horror stories about robots and other artificial intelligent things that would take power over us. What has all this serious stuff to do with garden gnomes? That is a secret that will be unveiled while reading the book. You will discover that modern societies are crawling with blue and green garden gnomes, to the benefit of all of us. You must only look out for red garden gnomes because they cannot exist …

Rijswijk, 9 October 2014 Prof.dr.ing. J.B.F. Mulder MScBA Professor in Enterprise Engineering, Antwerp Management School (Belgium) Director VIAgroep NV (The Netherlands) DEMO Awareness 2015-1 – Lecture 1

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The paradigm shift in astronomy The original meaning of paradigm is: example for explanation. Gradually, this meaning has been expanded to: core view of a theory. The heliocentric view of Copernicus (1543)

Sun DEMO Awareness 2015-1 – Lecture 1

The geocentric view of Ptolemy (150)

Earth 10

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The importance of a good theory

“There is nothing so practical as a good theory”

(Kurt Lewin)

“Whether you can observe a thing or not depends on the theory that you use. It is the theory that decides what can be observed” (Albert Einstein)

Theories are the mental glasses through which you perceive the world and conceive your understanding of it.


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The application-centric view (1975)   The task of the ICT-professional is to develop a system (application) ‘on the side’, and to ‘implant’ it, once it is completed   The development process is roughly: requirements determination, functional design, technical design, implementation   The functional requirements are determined basically by interviewing the customer and the future users   The focus is on processes, data, and ICT opportunities   The delivered system rarely meets the ‘real’ functional requirements (expectations). In other words, requirements determination mostly fails   Standardisation, like in ERP-systems, hardly solves the requirements determination problem. Instead, it puts the users in armours


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The organisation-centric view (2005)   The task of the ICT-professional is to develop and install a new implementation of (a part of) the organisation   The development process is roughly: produce ontological model, devise new implementation model   The functional requirements are fully determined by the ontological model of the organisation   The focus is on human cooperation, and on authority and responsibility   In addition, the organisation may itself be subject to redesign. This comes down to devising a new ontological model, by an enterprise engineer (!)   Because the ontological model is fully formalisable, automatic generation of the new implementation is a realistic option


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DEMO in the Five Ways Framework FI theory, TAO theory, PSI theory, DELTA theory, MU theory, BETA theory Way of Thinking

Construction Process Fact Action

Model Model Model Model

SDM PRINCE2 ITIL …

Methodology Way of Modelling

Way of Working

Way of Controlling

Way of Supporting

OER method

ModelWorld Xemod Open Modeling DemoWorld

adapted from P.S. Seligmann, G.M. Weijers, H.G. Sol: analyzing the structure of IS methodologies – an alternative approach, 1989 DEMO Awareness 2015-1 – Lecture 1

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PSI: Performance in Social Interaction •  The operating principle of organisations is that subjects (human beings) enter into and comply with commitments, which are raised in coordination acts. The result of an act is a fact. •  Coordination acts/facts regard a product (= independent production fact plus dependent production facts). They occur in interaction patterns, called transactions, between two actors. One has the role of initiator, the other the role of executor. •  The construction of an organisation consists of actor roles and transaction kinds. An actor role constitutes the authority to be executor in transactions of a particular transaction kind. •  An organisation is made operational by assigning actor roles to subjects on the basis of competence. The resulting actors are assumed to exercise their authority with responsibility. DEMO Awareness 2015-1 – Lecture 1

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The transaction process

In the order phase, the initiator and executor discuss the product to be produced, and try to agree

In the result phase, the initiator and executor discuss the product that has been produced, and try to agree


Execution phase

Result phase

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transaction process

In the execution phase, the executor produces a product

Asking for transport Ordering a book Applying for membership

Order phase

Being transported Having got the book Having become member

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Transaction = production + coordination coordination

transaction

production

COORDINATION WORLD

PRODUCTION WORLD

initiator

coordination

production

acts

acts

executor

coordination facts


production facts

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Is it a P-act/fact or a C-act/fact ? C C C C C C C C C C P C C P P


“Ik zou wel zo’n bosje rode tulpen willen hebben” “Ik zal er een pakken” “Kijk eens aan, hier is uw bosje tulpen” zegt Linda “Doe toch maar liever die gele rozen daar” “U bent wel een wispelturig typje hè?” “Nou moe, ik kan me toch vergissen!” zegt Steven “Vooruit dan, een bosje gele rozen dus” Steven krijgt de gele rozen en is er blij mee Theo krijgt ook een bosje gele rozen van Linda Maar Theo zegt dat ze niet vers zijn Linda besluit de gele rozen aan Jan te geven Jan vraagt Hans de stoep te vegen Maar Hans zegt dat hij dat niet doet Theo veegt de stoep De bezem is door Linda geleverd

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The basic transaction pattern

request proposition promise proposition produce product state result accept result initiator responsibilities DEMO Awareness 2015-1 – Lecture 1

executor responsibilities 21

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What kind of C-act/fact is it? (1) request C promise C state C C? C? ? C ? C C state, accept Cstate C? P request C ? C P P



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INTERMEZZO: excerpt FI theory Ontological Mill Duality of concepts


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The ontological mill CONCRETE CLASS

THING

[HUMAN]

human

is the intension of ->

TYPE

<- is the extension of

is a predication of >

Charlie Chaplin is a human

CONCEPTUAL OBJECT

Charlie Chaplin

[Charlie Chaplin] CONCRETE OBJECT

FEATURE DEMO Awareness 2015-1 – Lecture 1

CONCEPTUAL CLASS < is a member of

is an instance of < FACT

HUMAN

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The duality of concepts

purchase

sales

is an instance of >

is an instance of <

sales 1618

purchase 31416

[sales 1618]

[purchase 31416] DEMO Awareness 2015-1 – Lecture 1

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Example of a transaction Performa: I want 10 Quadra 75, at 165 ξ, for 731.513 Performa : request : P.V. : purchase 31416 is completed proposition

Probus Vilis: Okay P.V. : promise : Performa : sales 1618 is completed

Probus Vilis: Here they are P.V. : state : Performa : sales 1618 is completed result

Performa: Thanks Performa : accept : P.V. : purchase 31416 is completed DEMO Awareness 2015-1 – Lecture 1

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Non-verbal and tacit communication Performa: I want 10 Quadra 75, at 165 ξ, for 731.513 Performa : request : P.V. : purchase 31416 is completed proposition

Probus Okay < tacitVilis: act > P.V. : promise : Performa : sales 1618 is completed

Probus Vilis: they are pointing at Here the wheelbarrows P.V. : state : Performa : sales 1618 is completed result

< tacit actThanks > Performa: Performa : accept : P.V. : purchase 31416 is completed DEMO Awareness 2015-1 – Lecture 1

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The process of a coordination act/fact effectuate decision

decide on response

original production performa level in coordination

expose commitment

informational production informa level in coordination

009900

FF0000

performa level production

coordination 0099CC

informational production informa level in coordination

(social correspondence) 009900

CC0066

documental production forma level in coordination 0066FF

original production performa level in coordination

coordination 0099CC

FF0000

documental production forma level in coordination

actor actor role CCCC33

0066FF

actor actor role CCCC33

informa level

formulate thought RGGDE 3.1 picture 15

(cognitive correspondence)

educe thought RGGDE 3.1 picture 15

forma level

utter sentence

evoke commitment

production CC0066

perceive sentence

(notational correspondence)

medium level RGGDE 3.1 picture 16


transmission of messages 29

RGGDE 3.1 picture 16

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The standard transaction pattern executor

initiator qt

qt

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pm

ac st

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st

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What kind of C-act/fact is it? (2) request C promise C state C C? C? ? C ? C C state, accept Cstate reject C ? P request C decline ? C P P



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The complete transaction pattern executor

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Revocation of the request executor

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What kind of C-act/fact is it? (3) request C promise C state C rq, request ? Crevoke (revoke rq) ? C ? C (revoke rq) ? C allow, promise C state, accept Cstate reject C ? P request C decline ? C P P



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The organisational building block (1) The complete transaction pattern executor

initiator

al ?

[rq]

[rq]

rv

rv rf

executor

initiator al

qt

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actor role

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Every (elementary) actor role is the executor role of exactly one transaction kind. It may be an initiator role in 0, 1 or more transaction kinds. An actor is a subject fulfilling an actor role. A subject may fulfill several actor roles (sequentially or simultaneously), and an actor role may be fulfilled by several subjects (sequentially or simultaneously or collectively). DEMO Awareness 2015-1 – Lecture 1

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The organisational building block (2) A0

request promise

T1

accept state

A1

A0 (the initiator of T1) comes to agreement with A1 (the executor of T1) about the delivery of a product P1. A0 does not care and need not care about what A1 has to do in order to bring about P1. At some point in time, A1 addresses A0 and performs the state act in the transaction T1. DEMO Awareness 2015-1 – Lecture 1

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Organisational construction and process A0 request promise

T1

accept state

A1 T2

T3

T4

A2

A3

A4

T5

T6

T7

T8

A5

A6

A7

A8

In order to produce P1, A1 needs a P2, a P3 and a P4. And … NOTE: component transactions may also be carried out in parallel. DEMO Awareness 2015-1 – Lecture 1

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The aspect organisations IMMATERIAL PRODUCTION

MATERIAL PRODUCTION

devising deciding judging

manufacturing transporting observing

Oorganisation remember fact

remembering recalling deriving

share fact

Iorganisation

facts keep document

archiving providing transforming

documents

provide document

Dorganisation

storing retrieving copying transmitting destroying

files DEMO Awareness 2015-1 – Lecture 1

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Essential model components COORDINATION

CONSTRUCTION

PRODUCTION

actors transactions

CM

PROCESS

business processes business events

PM FM

business objects business facts

PRODUCT

AM business rules

work instructions

OPERATION DEMO Awareness 2015-1 – Lecture 1

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CM of Wheelbarrows (Malum view)

CA01 MALUM

CA02

HORTUS

T01 sales completion T02

A01 A03 T03

seller

transporter

sales transporting

sales payment

Transaction kind

Product kind

T01 sales completion T02 sales payment T03 sales transporting

P01 Sales is completed P02 Sales is paid P03 Sales is transported


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CM of Wheelbarrows (Hortus view)

CA02 HORTUS

Axx purchaser

T01 purchase completion

CA01

MALUM

A02 payer

T02 purchase payment

Transaction kind

Product kind

T01 purchase completion T02 purchase payment

P01 Purchase is completed P02 Purchase is paid


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Conclusions of lecture 1 •  There is a paradigm shift going on: from and application-centric to an organisation-centric view on ICT activities •  According to the PSI theory, all activities in all organisations can be understood as (atomic) steps in transactions •  The complete transaction pattern is universal •  The construction of an organisation consists of tree structures of basic building blocks •  In the PSI theory, people are the pearls of the organisation. Based on their competence, they get authority, which they are assumed to practise with responsibility


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The end

www.ciaonetwork.org

[email protected]

www.ee-institute.org

[email protected] [email protected]


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Dietz

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DEMO. Awareness. Lecture 1

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