DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Abd El-Azim, W.M. 2003. Production of Salvia officinalis, L. plant under Sinai conditions. Ph.D. Thesis, Fac. Agric. Cairo Univ. Egypt. Amtmann A, Bohnert HJ, Bressan RA. 2005 Abiotic stress and plant genome evolution. Search for new models. Plant Physiol 138: 127–130. Akowuah, G.A.; Ismail, Z.; Norhayati, I.; Sadikun, A., dan Khamsah S.M. 2004. Sinensitin, Eupatorin, 3’-hydroxy-5,6,7,4’-tetramethoxyflavone and Rosmarinic Acid Contents and Antioxidative effect of Orthosiphon stamineus from Malaysia. Food Chemistry. Vol. 82: 559-566. Akowuah, G.A.; Ismail, Z.; Norhayati, I.; dan Sadikun, A. 2005. The effects of Different Extraction Solvents of Varying Polarities on Polyphenols of Orthosiphon stamineus and Evaluation of Free Radical-Scavengiing Aktivity. Food Chemistry, 93, 311. Armengaud, P.;Sulpice, R.; Miller, A.J.; Stitt, M.; Amtmann, A.; Gibon, Y. 2009. Multilevel analysis of primary metabolism provides new insights into the role of potassium nutrition for glycolysis and nitrogen assimilation in Arabidopsis roots. Plant Physiol. 150: 772-785. Bednarz, C.W.; Oosterhuis, D.M. 1999. Physiological changes associated with potassium deficiency in cotton. Banskota, A.H., Tezuka, Y., Kadota S. 2001. Recent Progress in pharmacological research of propolis. Phytother. Res. 15: 561-571. Bhuvaneswari, G., Sivaranjani, R., Reeth, S., and Ramakrishnan, K. 2013. Article: Application of nitrogen and potassium efficiency on the growth and yield of chilli Capsicum annum L. Int. Jor. of Current Microbiology and Applied Science. Vol 2 (12): 329-337. Cakmak, I.; Hengler, C.; Marschner, H. 1994.Partitioning of shoot and root dry matter and carbohydrates in bean plants suffering from phosphorus, potassium and magnesium deficiency. J.Exp.Bot.45, 1245-1250. Cakmak, I. 2005. The role of potassium in alleviatingdetrimental effect of abiotic streses in plant. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 168:521-530. Cakmak, I. 2010. Potassium for better crop production and quality. Plant Soil, 355,1-2.
69
70
Carocho, M. and Ferreira, I.C.F.R. 2013. A Review on Antioxidant, Prooxidants and Related Controversy: Natural and Synthetic Compounds, Screening and Analysis Methodologies and Future Perspectives, Food Chem. Toxicol., 51: 15-25. Chen, L., Nishizawa, T., Higashitani, A., Suge, H., Wakui, Y., Takeda, K., and Takahashi, H. 2001. A variety of wheat tolerant to deep-seeding conditions: elongation of the first internode depends on the response to giberellin and potassium. Plant, Cell and Environment, 24: 469-476. Chen Y., Yu M., Zhu Z., Zhang L., and Guo Q. 2013. Optimisation of potassium chloride nutrition for proper growth, physiological development and bioactive component production in Prunela vulgaris L. PLOS ONE, Vol. 8: 1-7 Cassman, K.G.; Kerby, T.A.; Roberts, B.A.; Bryant, D.C. Higashi, S.L. 1990. Potasiium nutrition effect on lint yield and fiber quality of acala cotton. Crop sci. 30, 672-677. Dai, Jin and R.J. Mumper. 2010. Plant Phenolics: Extraction, Analysis and Their Antioksidant and Anticancer Properties. Molecules, 15: 7313-7352 Dalimartha, Setiawan. 2000. Atlas Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia Jilid 2. Jakarta: Trubus Agriwidya. Hal: 126-127. Dalimunthe, A. 2006. Biosinthesis, mekanisme kerja dan peranan stomata dalam metabolisme. http://library.usu.ac.id/download/fp/hutan-afifuddin2.pdf Damanik, M.M.B., Hasibuan, B.E., Fauzi, Sarifuddin, dan Hanum, H. 2011. Kesuburan Tanah dan Pemupukan. Medan: USU Press. De Tullio, M.C.; Arrigoni, O. 2004. Hopes, disillusions and more hopes from vitamin C. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 61: 209-219 Dewick, P.M. 2009. Medicinal Natural Products : A Biosynthetic Approach. Third Edition. Jhon Wiley & Son, LTD. England. Dona, P. J. dan Guntoro, D. 2008. Pengaruh kalium terhadap pertumbuhan, produksi dan kualitas jagung muda (Zea mays L.). Makalah seminar Dept. Agro. & Hort. Bandung: Fakultas Pertanian Institut Pertanian Bogor. Engelstad, O.P. 1997. Teknologi dan Penggunaan Pupuk. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press. Ghasemzadeh, A; Jaafar, H.Z.E,; Rahmat, A.; Wahab, P.E.M.; Halim, M.R.A. 2010. Effect of Different Lights Intensities on Total Phenolics and
71
Flavonoids Synthesis and Anti-oxidant Activites in Young Ginger Varietas (zingiber officinale Roscoe). Int J. Mol. Sci. 11: 3885-3897. Gulcin, I., 2012. Antioxidant Activity of Food Constituents: An Overview, Arch Toxicol, 86: 345-391. Hakim, N., M.Y. Nyapka, A.M. Lubis, S.G. Nugroho, M.R. Saul, M.A. Dina, G.B. Hong, H.H. Baile. 1986. Dasar-dasar Ilmu Tanah. Lampung: Universitas Lampung. Hamid, A.A., O.O. Aiyelaagbe, L.A. Usman, O. M. Ameen and A. Lawal. 2010. Antioxidants: Its medicinal and pharmacological applications. African journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4(8): 142-151. 2010 Hancock, R.D. and Viola, R. 2005. Biosynthesis and catabolism of L-ascorbic acid in plants Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 24: 167-188. Hardjowigeno, S. 1992. Ilmu Tanah. Jakarta: PT Mediyatama Sarana Perkasa. Hernani dan Rahardjo, M. 2005. Tanaman Berkhasiat Antioksidan. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya. Hlm 5, 8-10. Huber, S.C. 1984. Biochemical basis for effect of K-deficiency on assimilate export rate and accumulation of soluble sugars in soybean leaves. Plant Physiol. 76. 424-430. Ibrahim, H.M.; Jaafar, H.Z.; Karimi, E.; Ghasemzadeh, A. 2012. Primary, Secondary Metabolites, Photosyntetic Capacity and Antioxidant Activity of the Malaysian Herb Kacip Fatimah (Labisia pumila Benth) Exposed to Potassium Fertilization under Grenhouse Conditions. Arch. Int. j. Mol. Sci. 13: 15321-15342. Imas, Patricia.1999. Quality Aspect of K Nutrition in Horticultural Crops. International Potash Institute Jones, JB.B. Wolf, and Mills H.A. 1991. Plant Analysis Handbook. Micro-Macro Pub., Georgia. Juniarti, D. Osmeli dan Yuhernita. 2009. Kandungan Senyawa Kimia, Uji Toksisitas (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) dan Antioksidan (1,1-diphenyl-2pikrilhydrazyl) dari Ekstrak Daun Saga (Abrus procatorius L.). Makara Sains, 13,(1), 50-54. Katno dan Pramono S. 2010. Tingkat Manfaat Dan Keamanan Tanaman Obat Dan Obat Tradisional . Kerjasama Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat Tawangmangu dan Fakultas Farmasi, UGM
72
http://cintaialam.tripod.com/keamanan_obat%20tradisional.pdf. Diakses 6 November 2014. Kaur, Sukhpreet dan Aggarwal Poonam. 2014. Evaluation of Antioxidant Phytochemical in Different Genotypes of Potato. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications. Vol 2: 167-172. Kuncahyo, I dan Sunardi. 2007. Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) Terhadap 1,1-diphenyl-2-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Seminar Nasional Teknologi, Yogyakarta. Kaboli Farshchi H.S., Azizi A.M., and Nemati S.H. 2014. Phytochemical and morphological attributes of St. Jhon’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) affected by Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers; Humic Acid and Potassium Sulphate. Lautan, J, 1997. Radikal Bebas Pada Eritrosit dan Leukosit. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran, 116: 49-52. Kalbe Farma, Jakarta. Li, R.; Volence, J.J.; Joem, B.C.; Cunningham, S,M. 2007. Potassium and nitrogen effects on carbohydrate and protein metabolism in alfalfa roots. J.Plant Nutr. 32,511-529. Liaqat, A.; Beatrix, W.A.; Anna, K.R.; Birgitta, S.; Tim, N.; Marie, E.O. 2012. Effects of nutrition strategy on the levels of nutrients and bioactive compounds in blackberries. Eur. Food Res Technol. 234, 33-44. Lieres, A.V., Volkmann, B., Von-Lieres, A. 1994. Relationship between fertilizer, nutrient withdrawl and composition of different medicinal plants in a pot experiment. Kongress band 1994 Jena, 19-24. Lu, J.M., Lin, P.H., Yao, Q. and Chen, C., 2010. Chemical and Molecular Mechanisms of Antioxidants: Experimental Approaches and Model Systems, J. Cell. Mol. Med., 14: 840-860. Mandal, S., Yadav, S. and Nema, R.K., 2009. Antioxidants: A Review, J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 1(1): 102-104. Mardiyah, S. 2014. Tesis: Pengaruh Kekeringan dan Pupuk Organik Terhadap Anatomis dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Padi Gogo (Oryza sativa L.’ Situ Bagendit’) Pada Tanah Berkapur. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada. Marschner, H. 2003. Mineral nutrition of Higher plants 2nd. California: Academic Press. Masoko, P. and J.N. Eloff. 2007. Screening of twenty-four South African Combretum and Six Terminalia Species (Combretaceae) for Antioxidant
73
Activities. African Journal of Traditional, Alternative Medicines, 4, (2), 231-239.
Complimentary
and
Maathuis FJM, Sanders D.1996. Mechanisms of potassium absorption by higher plant roots. Physiol Plant 96: 158–68. Mengel K, Arneke, W.W. 1982. Effect of potassium on the water potential, the pressure potential, the osmotic potential and cell elongation in leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris. Physiol Plant 54: 402-408. Molyneux, P. 2004. The use of the stable free radica diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioksidant activity. J. Sci. Technol. 26(2): 211219. Mojab, F.; Kamalinejad, M.; Ghaderi, N.; dan Vahidipour, H. 2003. Phytochemical Screening of Some Species of Iranian Plants. IJPR, 2, 78. Mun, F.Y.; Chung P.L.; Lee, F.A.; Lip, Y.P.; Siew, T.W.; Mohd. Zaini, A.; Rusliza, B.; Mariam, A. 2013. Antioxidant and Toxicity Studies of 50% Methanolic Extract of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. Res. Arch. Bio.Med. 1-10. Mursyidi. 1985. Analisis Metabolit Sekunder. Yogyakarta: UGM Press. Napitupulu, D dan Winarto, L. 2010. Pengaruh pemberian pupuk N dan K terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah. J. Hort 20(1): 27-35. Notohadiprawiro, T., S. Soekodarmodjo, dan E. Sukana. 2006. Pengelolaan Kesuburan Tanah dan Peningkatan Efisiensi Pemupukan. Jurusan Ilmu Tanah, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
. Diakses tanggal : 6 November 2014. Norhaiza,M.; Maziah, M.; Hakiman, M. 2009. Antioxidative properties of leaf extracts of popular Malaysian herb, Labisia pumila. J. Med. Plant Res. 3: 217-223. Nurzyńska-Wierdak, R. 2013. Does mineral fertilization modify essential oil content and chemical composition in medicinal plants?. Acta Sci.Pol., Hortorum Cultus 12(5): 3-16. Orak, H. 2006. Total Antioxidant Activities, Phenolics, Anthocyanins, Pholyphenoloxidase Activities, and It’s Correlation of Some Important Red Wine Grape Varieties Which are Grown in Turkey. EJPAU,9. 18.
74
Patil, R.B. 2011. Role of potassium humate on growth and yield of soybean and black gram. International Journal of Pharma and Bio science 2(1) 242246. Perkins-Veazie, P.; Kalt,W. 2002. Postharvest storage of black-berry fruit does nint increase antioxidant levels.Acta Hortic, 585, 521-524. Pettigrew, M. 2007. Potassium influence on yield and quality production for maize, wheat, soybean and cotton. Physol. Plant. 133, 670-681. Pham-Huy, L.A.; H. He and C. Pham-Huy. 2008. Free Radicals, Antioxidants in Disease and Health. International Journal of Biomedical Science, 4, (2), 89-96. Pratiwi, Putri, Meiny Suzery, Bambang Cahyono. 2010. Total Fenolat dan Flavonoid Dari Ekstrak dan Fraksi Daun Kumis Kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus B.) Jawa Tengah Serta Aktivitas Antioksidannya. Jurnal Sains & Matematika (JSM) Vol. 8 No. 4 Oktober 2010. Artikel Penelitian: 140148.diakses 12 Juni 2014. Putra, A.A G. 2013. Kajian aplikasi dosis pupuk ZA dan Kalium pada tanaman bawang putih (Allium sativum L.). Reyes-Carmona, J.; Yousef, G.G.; Martinez-Peniche, R.A.; Lila, M.A. 2005. Antioxidant capacity of fruit extacts of blackberry (Rubus sp.) produced in different climate regions. J.Food Sci, 70. 497-503. Bel, M. dan Rahmania, A.A. 2001. Telaah faktor pembatas kacang tanah. Penelitian Palawija. 5 (1): 65-76. Richard, M., 2006. How to grow big peaches. Dep. Of Hort. Virginia Tech. Blacksburg, VA 24061, 8 pp. Rahardjo, M dan Pribadi Rini, E. 2010. Pengaruh pupuk urea, SP36, dan KCl terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrizha Roxb). Rohman, A.; Riyanti, S.; dan Utari, D. 2006. Aktivitas Antioksidan, Kandungan Fenolat Total, dan Kandungan Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Etil Asetat Buah Mengkudu serta Fraksi-Fraksinya. Majalah Farmasi Indonesia, 17. 137138. Rosmarkam, A. dan N.W. Yuwono. 2002. Ilmu Kesuburan Tanah. Yogyakarta. Kanisius.
75
Russel, E.W. 1973. Soil Condition and Plant Growth. 10th edition LongmanELBS. London. Safuan, L.O dan Bahrun, A. 2012. Pengaruh bahan organic dan pupuk kalium terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman melon (Cucumis melo L.). Jurnal Agroteknos, Vol 2 (2): 69-76. Said-Al Ahl, H.A.H, S.A. Hasnaa and S.F. Hendawy. 2009. Effect of potassium humate and nitrogen fertilizer on herb and essential oil of oregano under different irrigation intervals. Ozean Journal of Applied Sci., 2(3):319329. Salisbury F.B. dan C.W. Ross. 1995. Fisiologi Tumbuhan. Jilid 2. Bandung: ITB. Sarief, H.E.S. 1989. Fisika-Kimia Tanah Pertanian. Bandung: Pustaka Buana. Sastry K.P., Singh, S.P.1990. The effect of phosphorus and potassium application on the flower yield of pyrethrum. Pyrethrum-Post 17(4):130-132. Schwartzkopf C. 1972. Potassium, calcium, magnesium-how they relate to plant growth mid-continent agronomis, us green section role of potassium in crop establishment from agronomis of the potash & phosphate institute. Silahooy, Ch. 2008. Efek Pupuk KCL dan SP-36 terhadap Kalium Tersedia, Erapan Kalium, dan Hasil Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogae L.) pada Tanah Brunizem. Buletin Agronomi. Vol. 36 (2) : 126-132. Shinde, A., Ganu, J. and Naik, P., 2012. Effect of Free Radicals & Antioxidant on Oxidative stress: A Review, J. Dent & Alli. Sci., 1: 63-66. Shui, Y.C.; Feng, X.; Yan, W. 2009. Advances in the study of flavonoids in Gingko biloba I leaves. J. Med. Plant Res. 3: 1248-1252. Smalle, J., Haegman, M., Kerupa, J., Van Montagu, M., and Van Der Straten, D. 1997. Ethylene can stimulate Arabidopsis hypocotyls elongation in the light. Plant Biologi. 94: 2756-2761. Sudarsono, Pudjoarianto A., dan Gunawan D. 1996. Tumbuhan obat, Hasil Penelitian, Sifat-Sifat dan Penggunaan. Pusat Penelitian Obat Tradisional. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada. Sudha, G., dan Ravishankar, G.A. 2002. Involvement and Interaction of Various Signaling Compounds on The Plant Metabolic Events During Defence Response, Resistance to Stress Factors, Formation of Seondary Metabolitesand Their Molecular Aspects. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. Vol. 71 : 181-212.
76
Sumardjono, W. 1991. Java Tea : Potential Diuretic on Tradirional Medicines. J. Plant Med. Vol. (57) : 176. Sundarammal, S.; R. Thirugnanasampandan, M. Tamil Selvi. 2012. Chemical Composition Analysis and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation op Essential Oil From Orthosiphon thymiflorus (Roth) Sleesen. Asian Pasific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 112-115. Tahir, I, K. Wijaya dan D. Widianingsih. 2003. Terapan Analisis Hansch Untuk Aktivitas Antioksidan senyawa Turunan Flavon/Flavonol. Seminar on Chemometrics-Chemistry Dept Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. Taufiq, A. 2002. Status P dan K lahan kering tanah alfisol pulau Jawa dan Madura serta optimasi pemupukannya untuk tanaman kacang tanah. Prosiding Seminar Nasional dan Pertemuan Tahunan Komisariat Daerah Himpunan Ilmu Tanah Indonesia. 16-17 Desember 2002. Hal. 94-103. Malang. Thabet, E.M.A., Abdallah AAG, Mohamed A.R. 1994. Productivity of inion grown in reclaimed sandy soil using tafla as affected by water regimes and nitrogen levels. Ann Agric Sci 39(1):337-344. Thomas, R.H.; Woods, F.M.; Dozier, W.A.; Ebel, R.C.; Nesbitt, M.; Wilkins, B.; Himelrick, D.G. 2005. Cultivar Variation in physiochemical and antioxidant activity of Alabama-grown blackberries. Small Fruits Rev. 4, 57-71. Thomas TC and Thomas AC (2009). Vital role of potassium in the osmotic mechanism of stomata aperture modulation and its link with potassium deficiency. Plant Signal Behavior 4(3) 240-243. Tisdale, S.L., W.L.Nelson, dan D. Beaton. 1985. Soil Fertility and Fertilizers. 4th ed. The Mac Millan Co, New York. Torssell, K. 1997. Natural Product Chemistry : A Mechanic Biosynthetic and Ecological approach. Stockholm, Apotekarsocieteter, Swedish. Troufflard, S.; Mullen, W.; Larson, T.R.; Graham, I.A.; Crozier, A.; Amtmann, A.; Armengaurd, P. 2010. Potassium deficiency induce the biosynthesis of oxylipins and glucosinolates in Arabidpsis thaliana. BMC Plant Biol. 10,172-182. Van Brunt JM and Sultenfuss JH (1998). Beter crops with plant food. In potassium : Fungtion of Potassium 82(3) 4-5.
77
Wanasundara,P.L.J.P.D and F. Shaidi. 2005. Antioxidants : Science, Technology and Applications. Jhon Wiley & Sons. Inc. UK. Wang, Min, Zheng, Q., Shen, Q. and Guo, S. 2012. Review: The Critical Role of Potassium in Plant Stress Response. Int. J.Mol.Sci. 14:7370-7390. Waterhouse, A. 1999.Folin Ciocalteu Micro Methode for Total Phenol in Wine. Departemen of Viculture and Enology. University of Calivornia, Davis. Watson, R.; Wright, C.J.; McBurney, T.; Taylor, A.J.; Linforth, R.S.T. 2005. Influence of harvest date and light integral on development of strawberry flavor compounds. J. Exp.Bot, 53, 2121-2129. Wattimena, G.A. 1988. Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Tanaman. Bogor: PAU IPB. Marschner JP, Rietbrock N. 1995. Oxygen release kinetics in healthy subjects and diabetic patients. II: Effects of HbCO. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 33: 263 265. Wong, C.C.; Li, H.B.; Cheng, K.W.; Chen, F. 2006. A systematic survey of antioxidant activity of 30 Chinese medicinal plants using the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Food Chem. 97: 705-711. Wu, C.S., Gao, Q.H., Kjelgren, R.K., Guo, X.D., and Wang Min. 2013. Article: Yields, Phenolic profiles and Antioxidant Activities of Ziziphus jujube Mill. In Response to Different Fertilization Treatments. Molecules 18: 12029-12040. Wyn Jones RJ, Pollard A (1983) Proteins, enzymes and inorganic ions. In A Lauchli, A Pirson, eds, Encyclopedia of Plant Physiol. Springer, Berlin, 528–562. Zaghloul, S.M., F.E.M. El-Quesni and A.A.M. Mazhar. 2009. Influence of Potassium Humate on Growth and Chemical Constituents of Thuja orientalis, L seedlings. Ozean Journal of Applied Sci. 2(1): 73-78. Zheng W. and S.Y. Wang. 2001. Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compounds in Selected Herbs. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49, 5165-5170.
