DAFTAR PUSTAKA Adnyana. P. B. (2004). Implementasi Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah dalam Pembelajaran Biologi, Makalah Disampaikan pada Seminar Lokakarya FPMIPA, IKIP Negeri Singaraja dengan Tema Pembelajaran Kontekstual dalam Rangka Implementasi KBK Tanggal 27 Nopember 2004. Akinoglu, O. & Tandogan, R. O. (2007). ”The effects of problem-based active learning in Science Education on students’ academic achievement, attitude and concept learning.” Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education. 3.(1), 71-81. Allen, Duch, B. J., & Groh, S. E. (1996). “The power of problem-based learning in teaching Introductory Science courses”. New Direction for Teaching and Learning, 68, 43-51. Arends, R. I. (1998). Learning to Teach. Singapore: Mc Graw-Hill Book Company Barrett, T. (2005). Handbook of Enquiry & Problem Based Learning. Barrett, T., Mac Labhrainn, I., Fallon, H. (Eds). Galway: CELT. [Online]. Tersedia http://www.nuigalway.ie/celt/pblbook. Barrows, H. S. (1988). The Tutorial Process, University School of Medicine
Springfield: Southern Illinois
----------------. (1996). Problem-based learning in Medicine beyond: A brief overview. New Direction for Teaching and Learning, 68, 3-12 Bevis, E. O & Watson, J. (1989). Toward a caring curricullum: A New pedagogy for Nursing. New York: National League for Nursing. Boud, D. & Feletti, G. I. (1991). The Challenge of Problem- based Learning. New York: Martin Press. Bruner, J. (1977). The Process of Education. Cambridge : Harvard University Press.
Clarke, R. M,. (1984). ”Student perception of the learning environment in a New Medical School”. Medical Education. 18. 321-325. Copper, M. M. (1995). Cooperative Learning. Journal of Chemical Education 2, 162164.
131
Creswell, J. W. (1994). ”Research Design: Qualitatif and Quantitative Approaches. California: Sage Publications Inc. Dahar, R.W. (1989). Teori-teori Belajar. Jakarta: Erlangga. Depkes. R.I (2009). Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang Bidang Kesehatn 2005 – 2025. Dewey, J. (1983). ”The School and Society”. Dworkin (Ed.). Dewey on Education. New York: Teachers College Press. Djafar , M. (2009). Standar Kompetensi tenaga Kesehatan dalam Rangka Pengembangan Kualitas Disnakes. Analisis Kesehatan Indonesia Group Depkes. Djamarah, S. B. (2002). Psikologi Belajar, Jakarta: Rineka Cipta Dent, J.A. & Harden, R.M. (2005). A Practical Guide For Medical Teacher. Second Edition. St Louis: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. Dougherty, R. C., Bowen, C. W., Rees, T. B. W., Melion, E. K., & Pulliam, E. (1995). ”Cooperative learning and enhanced communication. Journal of Chemical Education 72, (9), 793-797. Duch, B. J. (1996). Problem-based learning in Physics: The power of students teaching students, Jurnal of Culinary Science Technology, Maret/April, 326329. Duch,B.J., Groh, S.E., and Allen, D.E. (2001). The Power of Problem-Based Learning A Practical “How To“ For Teaching Undergraduate Course in Any Disipline. Virginia: Stylus Publishing Edwards. M. S. (2006). A Problem-based learning approach to incorporating nutrition into the medical curruculum. Medical Education Online 11(10)., tersedia dalam http://www.med-ed-online.org. (Maret 14, 2007) Fogarty, R. (1997). Problem-based learning and Multiple intelligences classroom. Melbourne: Hawker Brownlow Education. Gagne, R. M. (1989). Essentials of learning for instruction. New York: Holt Renihart and Winston. Gallagher, S., Stepien, W. J., Sher, B. T. & Workman, D. (1995). Implementing Problem-Based Learning in Science Classrooms, School Science and Mathematics, 95, (3), 136-146.
132
Gerhard, M. (1971). Effective Teaching Strategies with the Behavioral Outcomes Approach. New York: Parker Publishing Company, Inc. Gijselaers, W. H. (1996). ”Connecting problem-based learning with Educational theory. New Direction for Teaching and Learning, 60, 13-21. Hasan, S. H. (2002) Kurikulum berbasis kompetensi berdasarkan SK Mendiknas 232/U/200 dan Alternatif pemecahannya. Disampaikan pada Seminar Nasional Kurikulum berbasis kompetensi. FMIPA UNY 11 Mei 2002 di Yogyakarta Heller, P. (1992). Teaching problem solving through coperative gruoping part , group and individual problem solving. American Journal of Physics. April. 167-179 Ibrahim, M. dan Nur, M. (2004). Pengajaran berbasis masalah, Surabaya: Universitas Negeri Surabaya Press, 5-7 Ibrahim, R. dan Sukmadinata, N.S. (1993). Perencanaan pengajaran. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi. Proyek Pembinaan Tenaga Kependidikan. Jhonson, E. B. (2002). Contextual Teaching and Learning, California: Corwin Press,. Johnson, D. & Johnson, R. (1991). ”So What’s New about Cooperative learning in Science”. Cooperative Learning, 11, 2-3. John, C. F. (2006). ”Self, Peer and Tutor assessments of MSN Competensies Using the PBL – Evaluator”. Journal of Nursing Education. 45, (1), 25-31. Kyllen, R. (1998). Effective teaching strategies : Lessons from research and practice. Katoomba. NSW: Social Science Press. Komala, S. (2008). Penuntun Praktikum Mikrobiologi. Bandung: Sekolah Tinggi Kesehatan Dharma Husada Bandung. Liu, M (2005). Motivating student through Problem based learning. University of Texas. Tersedia dalam
[email protected] Lobb, D.K, Inman & Butler , RG. (2004). ”Problem-based learning in reproductive physiology”. Journal of Midwifery and Women’s Health, 49, (5), 449-453 Mardapi, (2003). Pola induk pengembangan sistim penilaian. Program Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Yogjakarta. National Research Council. (1996). National science education standards: Observe interact change learn. Washington, DC: National Academy Press 133
Isna, N.R. (2009). Performance sistim kesehatan sumber daya manusia. Makalah Kesehatan Program studi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat. FK. Universitas Andalas. Ommundsen, P. (2001). Problem-based learning in biology. [Online]. Tersedia: http://www.saltspring.com/capewest/pbl.htm. [ Juli 3, 2007]. Pierrette. M. N. (2006). Problem-based learning at the faculty of medicine of the Universite de Montreal : A Situated cognition perspective. Medical Education Online, 11(21). tersedia dalam http://www. Med-ed-online.org Pasaribu, M (2008) Analisis Pelaksanaan SOP pemasangan infuse terhadap kejadian Plebitis di Rumah sakit Haji Medan. SPS Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan. Prideaux. D. (2007). Curruculum development in Medical Education from acronyms to dynamism. Teaching and Teacher Education, 23. 294-302 Redhana, I W. & Simamora, M. (2007). Penerapan Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah Berbantuan LKM untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Pemecahan Masalah Mahasiswa. Laporan Penelitian DIKTI. Tidak Diterbitkan Rideout. E. (2001). Transforming Nursing Education Through Problem-Based Learning. : Boston: John and Barlett publisher. Rustaman, N. (2000). Peranan Praktikum dalam Pembelajaran Biologi. Makalah disampaikan dalam workshop MGMP. Bandung: Jurusan Pendidikan Biologi, FPMIPA UPI. Savinainen, A. & Scott, P. (2002). “The Force Concept Inventory: A Tool for Monitoring Student Learning.” Physics Education. 39,(1), 45-52. Savoi, J. M. & Hughes, A. S. (1994). “Problem-based learning As Classroom Solution” in Educational Leadership. 54-57
Stiggins, R.J. (1994). Student-centered Classroom Assessment. New York: Mcmillan College Publishing Company. Suci, N.M. (2008) Penerapan model problem-based learning untuk meningkatkan partisipasi belajar dan hasil belajar mahasiswa Undiksha. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan UNDIKSHA Sukmadinata, N. S. (2002) Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan Makalah PPSUPI.
134
Tietjen, L. (2004). Panduan pencegahan infeksi : Untuk fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan dengan sumber daya terbatas. Jakarta: Yayasan Bina Pustaka Sarwono Prawirohardjo Thiagarajan, S., Semmel, D. S., & Semmel, M. L. (1974). Instructional development for training teacher of exceptional children. Minnesota: Indiana University. Vygotsky, L. (1978). Interaction between learning and development From: Mind and sociaty. Reprint in: Reading on the Development of Children. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. White, H. B. (1996). Tries problem-based learning: A Case. [Online]. Tersedia: http://www.udel.edu/pbl/dancase3.html. [ Juli 3, 2007]. …… . Case (Problem) Based Learning. Diakses dari http://ragilt.org/archives/caseproblem-based-learning.html [Februari 10, 2008]. Wulandari, V. (2009). Mikrobiologi massofa.wordpress.com [April 02, 2008]. Zainuddin, M. (1996). "Panduan Praktikum". dalam mengajar di Perguruan Tinggi. bagian empat. Program Applied Approach. Jakarta: PAU-PPAI. Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan tinggi. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Zulharman. (2007). Problem- based learning (PBL). Diakses dari http://zulharman79.wordpress.com/2007/07/15/problem-based-learning-pbl/ [Februari 10, 2008].
135