DAFTAR PUSTAKA Adiningsih, J. S., T. Prihatini, J. Purwani, and A. Kentjanasari. 1997. Development of integrated fertilizer management to sustain food crop production in indonesia. The use of organic and biofertilizers. Indonesian Agric. Research and Development Journal 19: 57-66 Almeida, F.F.M., Brito Neves, B.B., Carneiro, C.D.R. 2000. Earth Science Reviews, 50: 77-111. Anderson, D.L. 1991. Soil and leaf nutrient interactions following application of calcium silicate slag to sugarcane. Fertilizer Research.; 30: 9-18. Anonim. 1989. Hama dan penyakit tanaman tebu (Saccharum officinarum). PT. Bale Bandung Anonim. 1989. Petunjuk pelaksanaan percobaan screening jenis tebu. Hasil Lokakarya Pemuliaan Tanaman. P3GI. Pasuruan Anonim. 1990. Laporan pengamatan kajian teknik konservasi tanah tanaman tebu di lahan kering tahun 1989/1990. Kerjasama antara P3GI dengan BTPDAS. Direktorat Jenderal Reboisasi dan Rehabilitasi Lahan, Departemen Kehutanan. Anonim. 1995. Petunjuk pelaksanaan budidaya tebu. PT. Perkebunan XI PG Poerwodadie. Madiun Anonim. 2012. Dasar-dasar kesuburan http://syekhfanismd.lectu.../11/KONSEP-HHTAT-ED-3.pdf. tanggal 23 November 2012.
tanah. Diakses
Anonim. 2013. Tanaman tebu. http://www.belajarpraktis.com/2013/06/06/tanamantebu.html. Diakses tanggal 23 November 2012. Ayres. A. S. 1966. Calcium silicate slag as a growth stimulant for sugarcane on low silicon soils. Soil Science. 101(3): 216-227 Azmi, T. I. 2008. Penghambatan degradasi sukrosa dalam nira tebu menggunakan gelembung gas nitrogen dalam reaktor venture bersirkulasi. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor Beck S.D. 1965. Resistance of plants to insects. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 10:207232. Beckwith, R. S. and Reeve, R. 1963. Studies on soluble silica in soils : I. The sorption of silicic acid by soils and minerals. Aust. J. Soil Res. 1 : 157 - 168
124
Belanger, R.R.; N. Benhamou & J.G.Menzies. 2003. Cytological evidenceof an active role of silicon in wheatresistance to powdery mildew (Bleumeria graminis f. Sp. Tritici). Phytopathology, 93, 402 - 412. Birowo, A. T., Prabowo, D., Djojonegoro, P. 1992. Perkebunan gula. LPP. Yogyakarta Bocharnikova E.A., Matichenkov V.V., Snyder G.H. The management of heavy metal behaviour and mobility in the soil-plant system. In: 31th Mid-Atlantic Industrial and Hazardous Waste Conference, USA, 1999, pp. 614-622. Bohn, H.L., McNeal, B.L., O’Connor, G.A., 1979. Soil chemistry. Wiley, New York. Budiarti. 2008. Pengantar fisiologi tumbuhan. Gramedia, Jakarta Couhault, P. L. 2008. Penerapan kebijakan pengelolaan hama terpadu di Sugar Group Companies (SGC), Lampung. Bahan Seminar, 14 Feb. 2008. Fakultas Pertanian UGM. Daniels, J., Roach, B. T. 1987. Taxonomy and evolution. In D’Heinz (Eds). Sugarcane Improvement Through Breeding. Development In Crop Science II. Elsevier. Hal 9. Dicko, M.H., H. Gruppen, A.S. Traore, A.G.J. Voragen and W.J.H. Berkel .2006. Phenolic compounds and relatedenzymes as determinants ofsorghum for food use. Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Review. 1:21 —38. de Camargo, et al., 2009 Silicon absorption by sugarcane: effect of soils type and silicate fertilization. The Proceedings of the International Plant Nutrition Colloquium XVI, Department of Plant Sciences,UC Davis Dent D. 1991. Insect pest management. C.A.B. International. 213-292. Djasmin. 1984. Hama - hama tebu rakyat. PTP XXI-XXII Persero. Surabaya Duarte. F., Elliott. R., Preston. T. R. 1981. Sugar cane Juice in the fattening of cattle: supplementation of leucaena and fish meal. Tropical Animal Production. 6: 257-260 Easwaramoorthy S, David H, Shanmugasundaram M, Santhalakshmi G & Kumar R. 1992. Laboratory and field evaluation of allorhogas pyralophagus for the control of lepidopterous borers infesting sugarcane in tropical India. Entomophaga. 37: 613-619. Echeverria. E. 1998. Acid invertase (sucrose hydrolysis) is not required for sucrose
125
mobilization from the vacuole. Physiologia Plantarum 104 : 17-21 Elaward, S. H., Street. J. J., Gascho. G. J. 1982. Respone of sugarcane to silicate source ad rate I. Growth and Yield. Agronomy Journal. 74: 481-484 El Modafarm, E. & E. EI Boustani. 2001. Cell wall-bound phenolic acid and lignin contens in date palm as relatedto its resistance to Fusarium oxysporum. Journal Biologia Plantarum. 44: 125 —130. Epstein, E. 1999. Silicon. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology; 50: 661-664. Ewing, E.E. and McAdoo, M.H. (1971). An examination of methods used to assay potato tuber invertase and its naturally occuring inhibitor. Pl. Physiol.,48: 366–370. Fiori, B. J. and D. D. Dolan. 1981. Field tests for Medicago resistance against the potato leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Can. Entomol. 113:1049– 1053. Flickinger, M.C., dan S. W. Drew. 1999. Encyclopedia of bioprocess technology: fermentation, biocatalysis, and bioseparation. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, USA
Fox, R. L., J. A. Silva, O. R. Younge, D. L. Flucknett and G. D. Sherman. 1967. Soil and plant silicon and silicate response by sugarcane. Soil Science American Procedings. 31: 775-779 Galtier, N., C.H. Foyer, E. Murchie, R. Alred, P. QuickT.A. Voelker, C. Thepenier, G. Lasceve, and T Betsche (1995). Effect of light an atmospheric carbon dioxide enrichment on photosynthesi and carbon partitioning in leaves tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plants overexpression sucrose phosphate synthase. J. ExpBot. 46 : 1335-1344 Ganeshan, S. 2001. A guide to the insect pests of sugarcane in mauritius. Entomology Departement. Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Institute (MSIRI) Gardner, F.P, R.B. Pearce, and R.L. Mitchell. 1991. Physiology of crop plant (fisiologi tanaman budidaya, alih bahasa: D.H. Goenadi). Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta. Gifford, R.M., J.H. Thorne, W.D. Hitz, and R.T. Gaiquinta, 1984. Crop productivity and Photo Assimilat Epartitioning. Science 225: 801-808.
126
Gomes, F.B., J. C. Moraes, C.D. dos Santos, and M. M. Gossain. 2005. Resistance induction in wheat plants by silicon and aphids. Sci. Agris. 62:547-551 Goswani, N.W., N.B. Kamarth, and D. Santoso. 1990. Phosphorus requirement and management of maize, sorghum, and wheat. In Phosphorus Requirement of sustainable Agriculture in Asia and Oceania. IRRI. p 350-359. Hagin, J. and B. Tucker. 1982. Fertilization of dry land and irrigated soil. SpringerVerlag. Berlin Heidenberg. p 70-95 Halliday, D.J. & M.E. Trenkel. 1992. World fertilizer use manual. International Fertilizer Industry Association. Paris. Hanafiah, K. A. 2007. Dasar-dasar ilmu tanah. Jakarta. Raja Grafindo Persada Handjojo. 1976. Hama Penggerek Pucuk Tebu dan Teknik Pengendaliannya. http://ditjenbun.deptan.go.id. Heyne, K. 1987. Tumbuhan berguna Indonesia III. Terjemahan Badan Litbang Departemen Kehuta nan. Yayasan Sarana Wana Jaya. Jakarta. Hsiao, T.H. 1969. Chemical basis of host selection and plant resistance in oligophagous insects. Entomol. Exp. And Appl. 12 : 777-787. Huber, S.C. and J.L. Huber, 1996. Role and regulation of sucrose-phosphate synthase in higher plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 47: 431-444. Hunsigi, G. 1993. Production of sugarcane. Theory and practice. Springer-Verlag. Berlin Indrawanto, C., Purwono, Siswanto, Syakir, M., dan Rumini, W. 2010. Budidaya dan pasca panen tebu. ESKA Media. Jakarta Irianto, G. 2003. Tebu lahan kering dan kemandirian gula nasional. dalam Tabloid Sinar Tani, 20 Agustus 2003 James. 2004. Sugarcane. second edition. Blackwell Publishing Company, Inggris. James, C.P. dan Chen. 1985. Cane sugar handbook. John Wiley and Sons. New York Jones, L.H.P, and Handreck, K.A. 1967. Silica in soils, plants, and animals. Advances in Agronomy 19: 107-149 Kalshoven, L. G. E. 1981. Pests of corps of indonesia. Revised and Translated by P. A. Van Der Laan. PT. Ichtiar Baru Van Hoeve. Jakarta
127
Kogan M, 1982. Plant resistance in pest management. pp 93-134 In : R.L. Metcalf & W.H. Luckmann (Eds.). Introduction to insect pest management. Second edition. Kuntohartono, T. 1982. Fisiologi dan pertumbuhan tebu di tegalan. dalam Makalah Pertemuan Teknis BP3G. Pasuruan III/8-12 Kuntohartono, T. 1999. Perkecambahan tebu. Gula Indonesia. XXIV (1): 56 – 61 Kuntohartono, T. 1999. Stadium pertumbuhan batang tebu. Gula Indonesia XXIV(4): 3-13. Kuntohartono, T. 1999. Stadium Pertumbuhan Tebu. Gula Indonesia XXIV (4): 3-8. Kuntohartono, T. 1982. Pedoman budidaya tebu lahan kering. Lembaga Pendidikan Perkebunan. Yogyakarta. 106 hal Legaz, E., Deletang, F., martino, A. 2000. Effect of the use of melatonin implants on the results of artificial insemination in sheep. Machego-Assaf. Proc XXV SEOC Congress. Teruel. Spain. 555-558 Legaz, Maria-Estrella. 2000. Binding of soluble glycoproteins from sugarcane juice to cells of Acetobacter diazotrophicus. J Internatl Microbial. 3 : 177 - 182 Lingle, S. E. 1997. Seasonal internoda development and sugar metabolism in sugarcane. Crop. Sci. 37 : 1222-1227 Lingle, S. E. 1999. Sugar metabolism during growth and development in sugarcane internodes. Crop. Sci. 39: 480-486 Ma, J.F, Ryan P.R., Delhaize E. 2001. Aluminum tolerance in plants and the complexing role of organic acids. Trends Plant Sci 6:273–278. Ma, J.F., K. Tamai, M. Ichii, G. Wu. 2004. A rice mutant defective in Si uptake. Plant Physiology, 130, 2111–2117 Mahbubur-Rahman S.M.M., P.K. Sen, M.F. Hasan, M.A.S. Mian, and M. HabiburRehman. 2004. Purification and characterization of invertase enzyme from sugarcane. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 7: 340-345. Maksimovic, J. 2006. Silicon mudulates the metabolism and utilization of phenolic compounds in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grown at excess manganese. Center for Multidiciplanary Studies, University of Bergrade, Serbia.
128
Malyan. E. 1994. Pengaruh konsentrasi kulit buah manggis ( Garcia mangostana L) dan lamasimpan nira terhadap sifat fisik kimia dan organoleptik gula merah Aren ( Arenga pinnata Merr). Faperta. Universitas Lampung. Bandar Lampung. Marpaung, T. G. 1990. Penggunaan herbisida sebagai zat penghambat tumbuh pada lingkungan iklim basah. Berita (3) : 27 - 33. Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral nutrion of higher plant. Academik Press. New York. Mathlouti, M. 2000. Highlights of The Twentieth Century Progress in Sugar Technology and The Prospect forThe 20th Century. Diakses 20 Maret 2013. (http://www.fbae.org) Matichenkov, V.V. and E.A. Bocharnikova. 2000. The relationship of silicon to soil physical and chemical properties. Proc. Inter. Conf. Silicon in agriculture, in press. Matichenkov, V. V., and D. V. Calvert. 2002. Silicon as a beneficial element for sugarcane. Journal America Society of Sugarcane Technologiest. 22: 21-30 Matsushita dan Uritani, 1976. Change in invertase activity of sweet potato in response to wounding and purification and properties of its invertases. Plant Physiol 54: 60-66 McKeague, J. A. and Cline, M. G. 1963. Silica in soil solution I. Form and concentration of dissolved silica in aqueous extracts of soil. Can. J. Soil Sci. 43 : 70 - 82 Mealor, D. and A. Townshend. 1968. Applications of enzyme-catalysed reactions in trace analysis—I: Determination of mercury and silver by their inhibition of invertase. Talanta. Vol 15 (8) : 747–758 Miswar, B. Sugiharto, T. Handoyo, dan S. A. Made. 2007. Peranan Sucrose Synthase (SPS) dan Acid Invertase (AI) Internoda Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) dalam Akumulasi Sukrosa. Agritop 26(4) : 187-193 Mitani, N. dan J. F. Ma. 2005. Uptake System of Silicone in Different Plant Species. Journal of Experimental Botany. 56(414): 1255-1261 Moerdokusumo, A. 1993. Pengawasan kualitas dan teknologi pembuatan gula di Indonesia. ITB, Bandung. Muchtadi, Tien dan Sugiyono. 1992. Petunjuk laboratorium ilmu pengetahuan bahan pangan. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor Murray, R.K., et al., 1996, Biokimia. Harper, Edisi 24. Jakarta
129
Naidoo. P. V., McFarlane. S. A., Keeping. M. G., and Caldwell. P. M. 2009. Deposition of Silicone in Leaves of Sugarcane (Saccharum spp hybrids) and Its Effect on The Severity of Brown Rust caused by Puccinia melanocephala. Proc. S. Afr. Sug. Technol. Ass. 82: 542-546 Niuris, A., J.A. Ale, L.R.R. Birdbrain and A. Yamirka, 2000. Characterization of recombinant invertaseexpressed in methylotrophic yeast”, Biotechnol Appl Biochem., 32: 179-187. Owino G.C., and Gascho. J. 1970. Effect of silicon on low pH soil phosphorus sorption and on uptake and growth of maize revue. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. Taylor & Francis. Philadelphia Pathak M.D. 1970. Genetics of plants in pest management. p 138-157. Pelczar, M.J.Jr, and E. Chan. 1988. Dasar-dasar mikrobiologi. Penerbit UI Press. Jakarta, p: 872-873 Pratama, Z., Iwan dan M., Miftahul, Z. 2010. Pengaruh kombinasi waktu pelepasan yang berbeda antara Diatraeophaga striatalis Tns. dan Trichogramma chilonis terhadap persentase kerusakan tanaman tebu (Saccharum officinarum Linn.) yang disebabkan oleh Chilo auricilus Dudgeon. Universitas Negeri Surabaya Pressey, R. 1994. Invertase inhibitor in tomato fruit. Phytochem. 36 : 543–546 Qiu-Hong Pan, Ke-Qin Zou, Chang-Cao Peng, Xiu-Ling Wang, Da-Peng Zhang. 2005 Purification, Biochemical and Immunological Characterization of Acid Invertases from Apple Fruit. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology. Vol 47 (1): 50–59 Rahman, M., P.K. Sen, F.M. Hasan., S.M.A. Miah, dan H.M. Rahman. 2004. Purification and Characterization of Invertase Enzyme from Sugarcane. Pakistan J Biol Sci. 7 (3) : 340-345 Ratnawati. 2005. Pemanfaatan limbah PLTU Paiton sebagai sumber silika alami dalam peningkatan hasil dan kualitas buah tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mi.). Universitas Jember, Jember. Reece, N.N. 2003. Optimizing aconitate removal during clarification. Thesis. Louisianna State University. USA.(http://etd.lsu.sde/docs/available). Roesmarkam, dan N. W. Yuwono. 2002. Ilmu kesuburan tanah. Kanisius. Yogyakarta
130
Rose, S. and F. C. Botha (2000). Ditribution pattern of neutral invertase and sugar content in sugarcane internodal tissue. Plant Physol. Biochem. 38: 819-824 Russell, E. W. 1973. Soil conditions and plant growth. 10th ed. Longman Ltd. London Salisbury, F. B. & C. W. Ross. 1995. Plant physiology. Elsevier Publishing Company, New York. Sallam, N. S and Allsopp, P. G. 2008. Chilo spp. incursion management plan version 2. BSES Publication Manual. Sallam, N. S and Allsopp, P. G. 2008 Scripophaga spp. incursion management plan version 2. BSES Publication Manual Sastrowijono, S. 1998a. Morfologi Tanaman Tebu. Gula Indonesia 23(2): 28-30. Sastrowijono, S. 1998b. Morfologi Tanaman Tebu. Gula Indonesia 23(3): 3-7. Sastrowijono, S. 1998c. Daun tebu (Saccharum officinarum) (Bagian III). Gula Indonesia 23 (4): 38-41 Savant, N. K., Korndorfer, G. H., Datnoff, L. E.,and Snyder, G. H. 1999. Silicone nutrition and sugarcane production: a review. Journal Plant and Nutrition. 22(12): 1853-1903 Siswoyono, T. A., I. Oktavianawati, Djenal, U. Murdiyanto, and B. Sugiharto. 2007. Changes of sucrose content and invertase activity during sugarcane stem storage. Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science. 8(2): 75-81 Smith, B. 1989. Damage assessment from yellow sugarcane aphid. College of tropical agriculture and human resources. University of Hawaii, Coop Ext. Serv Soemarno. 2010. Bagaimana meningkatkan rendemen tebu. Dalam Artikel Soeprapto. 1989. Pengenalan varietas tebu. Lembaga Pendidikan Perkebunan Kampus Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta. Sogawa, K (1982). The rice brown plant hopper: Feeding physiology and host plant interactions. Annu. Rev. Entomol.,27, 49–73 Sudiatso S. 1982. Bertanam tebu. Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Sugiharto, B., T. Handoyo, dan Sumadi. 1997. Variabilitas genetik dalam enzim fotosintetik dan enzim metabolisme sukrose pada beberapa varietas tebu. Zuriat. 7: 76−78.
131
Sumarno. 1995. Hasil pemurnian gula C/D menjadi gula rafinasi di explant dan kemungkinan penerapannya di pabrik gula. Prosiding Pertemuan Teknis P3GI 1995 Sunaryo. 2003. Mempelajari serangan hama penggerek batang di lapang pada berbagai varietas tebu di Gunung Madu. Lampung Tengah Supartha, I.W. 1998. Bionomi Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) (Diptera : Agromyzidae) pada tanaman kentang. Disertasi. Program Pascasarjana IPB. 146 hal. Supriyadi, A. 1992. Rendemen tebu dan liku-liku permasalahannya. Kanisius. Yogyakarta Sutardjo, E. 2002. Budidaya tanaman tebu. Bumi Aksara. Jakarta. 76 hal Sutardjo, RME. 1994. Budidaya tanaman tebu. PT Bumi Aksara. Jakarta Syekhfani, 2012. Kesuburan tanah. Modul kesuburan tanah. Universitas Brawijaya. Malang Takahashi, E. 1995. Uptake model and physiological functions of silica. Science of Rice Plant, Vol. 2, Physiology. Food and Agriculture Research Center, Tokyo. Tanase K, Yamaki S. 2000. Purification and characterization of two sucrose synthase isoforms from japanese pear fruit. Plant Cell Physiol. 41: 408-414. Tisdale, S. L. dan W. L. Nelson. 1975. Soil fertility and fertilizer. McMillan Publ.co., Inc. New York Tomar dan O’Toole, 1984 Evapotranspirasi padi sawah. Dalam E. Pasandaran dan D. C. taylor (Ed), Irigasi: Perncanaan dan pengelolaan. Seri Pembangunan Desa/ Jakarta: Gramedia 49-76 Trojanowicz, M., D. Campagnone, C. Goncales, Z. jonca, dan G. Palleschi. 2004. Limitations in the analytical use if invertase inhibition for screening of trace mercury content in environmental samples. J. Anal Sci. 20 Vance, C.P.; T.K. Kirk & R.T. Sherwood. 1980. Lignification as a mechanism of disease resistance. Annu. Rev.Phytopathol, 18, 259—288 Vickery, M.L. dan B. Vickery. 1981. Secondary plant metabolism. The Macmillan Press. Ltd. London
132
Vorster, D.J. and F.C. Botha. 1998. Partial purification and characterization of sugarcane neutral invertase. Phytochemistry, 49: 651-655. Wang, Y. 1999. Simultaneous Inversion for Model Geometry and Elastic Parameters, Geophysics. 64:182–190 Wang, N.S. 2004. Enzyme kinetics of invertase rate determination. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of Maryland. Collage Park Wardojo dan Priono, 1996. Konservasi tanah pada budidaya tebu di lahan kering. Balithut Surakarta, Departemen Kehutanan Wibowo, S. 1997. Kajian pengolahan dan inventarisasi mutu gula merah aren ( Aren ga pinnata Merr.) pada sentra produksi di Lampung Utara dan Lampung Barat. Faperta. Universitas Lampung. Bandar Lampung. Wijandi, S. dan Goutara. 1985. Dasar pengolahan gula. Jurusan Teknologi industry pertanian, Fakultas teknologi Pertanian. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor. Wirioatmojo. 1987. The Control of sugarcane topborer Tryporyza innotata, F. P3GI. Pasuruan Yoshida, S. 1965. Chemical aspects of the role silicon in physiology of rice plant. Bull. Nat. Inst. Agr. Sci. (Japan). Ser. B. 15: 1-58 Zhu, Y. J., E. Komor, and P. H. Moore. 1997. Sucrose accumulation in the sugarcane stem is regulated by the difference between the activities of soluble acid invertase and sucrose phosphate synthase. Plant Physol. 115: 609-6016
133