80
DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1.
Creager M, Libby P. Peripheral Arterial Disease In: Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, editors. Braunwald’s Heart Disease : A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2015. 1312 p.
2.
Antono D, Hamonangani R. Penyakit Arteri Perifer. In: Setiati S, editor. Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. 1st ed. Jakarta: InternaPublishing; 2014. p. 1516–26.
3.
Rhee SY, Kim YS. Peripheral Arterial Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. 2015;283–90.
4.
Coffman JD, Eberhardt RT. Peripheral Arterial Disease, Diagnosis and Treatment. New York: Springer Seienee&Business Media; 2003.1-34p.
5.
Rooke TW, Hirsch a. T, Misra S, Sidawy a. N, Beckman J a., Findeiss LK, et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA Focused Update of the Guideline for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease. Circulation. Elsevier Inc.; 2011;58(19):2020–45.
6.
Fowkes FGR, Rudan D, Rudan I, Aboyans V, Denenberg JO, McDermott MM, et al. Comparison of global estimates of prevalence and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in 2000 and 2010: a systematic review and analysis. Lancet. Elsevier Ltd; 2013;382(9901):1329–40.
7.
Selvin E. Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Peripheral Arterial Disease in the United States: Results From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000. Circulation. 2004;110(6):738–43.
8.
Fowkes FGR, Low LP, Tuta S, Kozak J. Ankle-brachial index and extent of atherothrombosis in 8891 patients with or at risk of vascular disease: Results of the international AGATHA study. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(15):1861–7.
9.
Rhee SY, H G, ZM L, SW-K C, S W, P P. Multi-country study on the prevalence and clinical features of peripheral arterial disease in Asian type 2 diabetes patients at high risk of atherosclerosis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2007;76(1):82–92.
10.
American Diabetes Association. Epidemiology and Impact of Peripheral Arterial Disease in People with Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(12):3333–41.
81
11.
American Heart Association. What is peripheral vascular disease? In American Heart Association; 2012.
12.
Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, Bakal CW, Creager MA, Halperin JL, et al. ACC/AHA 2005 Practice Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease (Lower Extremity, Renal, Mesenteric, and Abdominal Aortic). Circulation. 2006;113(11):e463–5.
13.
Norgren L, Hiatt WR, Dormandy J a., Nehler MR, Harris K a., Fowkes FGR, et al. Inter-Society Consensus for the management of peripheral arterial disease (TASC II). Int Angiol. 2007;26(2):82–157.
14.
F Brian Boudi M. Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis Treatment & Management. Medscape. 2016; [cited 2016 Jun 17]
15.
Marso SP, Hiatt WR. Peripheral arterial disease in patients with diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47(5):921–9.
16.
The Japan Diabetes Society. Evidence-based Practice Guideline for the Treatment for Diabetes in Japan 2013. Diabet Med. 2013;1–3.
17.
Ilmiah Populer [Internet]. [cited 2016 Jan 26]. Available from: http://www.pdpersi.co.id/content/popular_science.php?psid=30
18.
Dinas Kesehatan Jateng. Daftar Tabel Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Semarang: Dinkes Jateng; 2008. 38 p.
19.
Huh JH, Choi E, Lim JS, Lee MY, Chung CH, Shin JY. Serum cystatin C levels are associated with asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without overt nephropathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Elsevier Ireland Ltd; 2015;108(2):258–64.
20.
Rahman A. Faktor – Faktor Risiko Mayor Aterosklerosis pada Berbagai Penyakit Aterosklerosis di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang. Diponegoro University; 2012.
21.
Tomeleri CM, Ronque ER, Silva DR, Cardoso Junior CG, Fernandes R a, Teixeira DC, et al. Prevalence of dyslipidemia in adolescents: comparison between definitions. Rev Port Cardiol. Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia; 2015;34(2):103–9.
22.
Bittner V. Perspectives on dyslipidemia and coronary heart disease in women: an update. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2006;21(6):602–7.
23.
Fakhrzadeh H, Tabatabaei-malazy O. Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease. Endocrinol Metab Res Cent Tehran Univ Med Sci. 2008;
82
24.
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 2007. Lap Nas 2007. 2008;1–384.
25.
Rinandyta SA. Perbedaan Kadar LDL pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dengan Hipertensi dan Tanpa Hipertensi di RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta; 2012.
26.
Ilminovia F. Hubungan antara Status Diabetes Melitus dengan Status Penyakit Arteri Perifer (PAP) pada Pasien Hipertensi In Abstract Book ESC 26th. European student congress; 2015.
27.
Longo DL, Kasper DL, Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Loscalzo J, editors. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. 18th ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill; 2012. 2066 p.
28.
Agrawal K, Eberhardt RT. Contemporary Medical Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease. Cardiol Clin. Elsevier Inc; 2015;33(1):111–37.
29.
Runge MS, Greganti MA. Netter’s Internal Medicine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2009. 213 p.
30.
McDermott, M M, McGrae. Lower Extremity Manifestations of Peripheral Artery Disease. Am Hear Assoc J. 2015;115:1540–50.
31.
Lozano FS, González-Porras JR, March JR, Lobos JM, Carrasco E, Ros E. Diabetes mellitus and intermittent claudication: a cross-sectional study of 920 claudicants. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2014;6:21.
32.
Hallett Jr JW. Peripheral Arterial Disease. Merck Manuals. 2008;169–73.
33.
Bordeaux LM, Reich LM, Hirsch AT. The Epidemiology and Natural. Springer J. 2003;(Ic):21–35.
34.
Baker. Smoking and Peripheral Arterial Disease ( PAD ). ASH Research Report Smoking and Peripheral Arterial Disease. 2014;
35.
Tendera M, Aboyans V, Bartelink M-L, Baumgartner I, Clement D, Collet J-P, et al. ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral artery diseases: Document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteries * The Task Force on the Diagnosis and Treat. Eur Heart J. 2011;32(22):2851–906.
36.
Olin JW, Sealove B a. Peripheral artery disease: current insight into the disease and its diagnosis and management. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010;85(7):678–92.
83
37.
Hirsch AT, Criqui MH, Treat-Jacobson D, Regensteiner JG. Peripheral arterial disease detection, awarness and treatment in primary care. JAMA. 2001;286(11):1317–24.
38.
Age AT. Peripheral Arterial Disease in the Legs. In: CdcGov. p. 4–5.
39.
Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, Bakal CW, Creager MA, Halperin JL. ACC/AHA 2005 practice guidelines for the Management of Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): a collaborative report from the American Association for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Sur. Circulation. 2006;113(11):463– 654.
40.
Suyono S. Diabetes Melitus. In: Setiati S, editor. Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. 1st ed. Jakarta: InternaPublishing; 2014. p. 2315–418.
41.
American Diabetes Association. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(Supplement_1):S8–16.
42.
Hirsch a T, Hiatt WR. PAD awareness, risk, and treatment: new resources for survival--the USA PARTNERS program. Vasc Med. 2001;6(3 Suppl):9–12.
43.
Joshua A, Beckman, MD M, Mark A. Creager M, Peter Libby M. Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Epidemiologi, Pathophysiology, and Management. JAMA. 2002;(287):2570–81.
44.
Coggins M, Lindner J, Rattigan S, Jahn L, Fasy E, Kaul S, et al. Muscle Perfusion by Capillary Recruitment. 2001;50
45.
Forstermann U, Sessa WC. Nitric oxide synthases: regulation and function. European Heart Journal. 2012;33(7):829–37.
46.
Hua L, Hongliang L, Yige B, Xiangxun Z, Yerong Y. Free Fatty Acids Induce Endothelial Dysfunction and Activate Protein Kinase C and Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway in Rat Aorta. Int J Cardiol. 152(2):218–24.
47.
Erwinanto, Santoso A, Putranto JNE, Tedjasukmana P, Suryawan R, Rifqi S, et al. Pedoman tatalaksana dislipidemia. 1st ed. Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia; 2013.1-7p.
48.
PERKENI. Konsensus Pengelolaan Dislipidemia di Indonesia. Jakarta: Pusat Penerbitan Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Fakultas Kedokteran UI; 2012.1521p.
84
49.
Fodor G. Primary prevention of CVD: Treating dyslipidemia. Am Fam Physician. 2011;83(10):1207–8.
50.
Adam JM. Dislipidemia. In: Setiati S, editor. Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. 1st ed. Jakarta: InternaPublishing; 2014. p. 2549–68.
51.
Forouzandeh F, Salazar G, Patrushev N, Xiong S, Hilenski L, Fei B, et al. Metformin beyond diabetes: Pleiotropic benefits of metformin in attenuation of atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014;3(6):1–12.
52.
Jamkhande PG, Chandak PG, Dhawale SC, Barde SR, Tidke PS, Sakhare RS. Therapeutic approaches to drug targets in atherosclerosis. Saudi Pharm J SPJ Off Publ Saudi Pharm Soc. King Saud University; 2014;22(3):179– 90.
53.
Elizabeth Klodas M. High Blood Pressure and Atherosclerosis. WebMD. 2016; [cited 2016 Jun 17]
54.
Aboyans V, Criqui MH, Abraham P, Allison M a., Creager M a., Diehm C, et al. Measurement and Interpretation of the Ankle-Brachial Index: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2012;126(24):2890–909.
55.
Mahameed A Al. Peripheral Arterial Disease. Cleve Clin J Med. 2009;
56.
Bonham P, Cappuccio M, Hulsey T, Michel Y, Kelechi T, Jenkins C. Are Ankle and Toe Brachial Indices (ABI-TBI) Obtained by a Pocket Doppler Interchangeable With Those Obtained by Standard Laboratory Equipment? J Wound, Ostomy Cont Nurs. 2007;34(1):35–44.
57.
Carmo G a L, Mandil a, Nascimento BR, Arantes BD, Bittencourt JC, Falqueto EB, et al. Can we measure the ankle-brachial index using only a stethoscope? A pilot study. Fam Pract. 2009;26(1):22–6.
58.
WOCN Wound Committee. Ankle Brachial Index. J Wound, Ostomy Cont Nurs. 2012;39(April):S21–9.
59.
Inada A, Weir GC, Bonner-Weir S. Induced ICER I?? down-regulates cyclin a expression and cell proliferation in insulin-producing ?? cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005;329(3):925–9.
60.
Yogiantoro M. Hipertensi Esensial. Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid 1. IV. Jakarta: FKUI; 2006. 610-14 p.
61.
F Brian Boudi M. Treatment of Low HDL levels and High Triglyceride levels in Patients With Diabetes. Medscape. 2016;[cited 2016 Jun 17]
85
62.
Selvin E, Erlinger TP. Prevalence of and risk factors for peripheral arterial disease in the United States: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000. Circulation. 2004;110(6):738–43.
63.
Pepine CJ, Handberg EM. The vascular biology of hypertension and atherosclerosis and intervention with calcium antagonists and angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors. Clin Cardiol. 2001;24(11 Suppl):V1–5.
86
Lampiran 1. Informed Consent (Persetujuan Pasien)
JUDUL PENELITIAN
: Hubungan antara Dislipidemia dengan Derajat
Keparahan Penyakit Arteri Perifer (PAP) pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Terkontrol Sedang. INSTANSI PELAKSANA
: Bagian Ilmu Penyakit Dalam FK Undip Mahasiswa Program Studi Strata-1 Kedokteran Umum Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro
PERSETUJUAN SETELAH PENJELASAN (INFORMED CONSENT) Yth Bapak/Ibu ………………………………….. Nama saya Eka Aryani, saya mahasiswa Program Studi S1 Ilmu Pendidikan Dokter Fakultas Kedokteran UNDIP. Saya melakukan penelitian dengan judul “Hubungan antara Dislipidemia dengan Derajat Keparahan Penyakit Arteri Perifer (PAP) pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Terkontrol Sedang”. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dislipidemia dengan derajat keparahan penyakit arteri perifer (PAP) pada pasien DM tipe 2 terkontrol sedang. Dislipidemia adalah kelainan metabolisme lipid (lemak darah) dimana terjadi peningkatan maupun penurunan komponen lipid seperti kolesterol total, kolesterol LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein), TG (trigliserida), serta menurunnya kolesterol HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) dalam darah. Penyakit arteri perifer adalah gangguan suplai darah ke ekstremitas atas atau bawah (tungkai atau lengan) karena obstruksi atau sumbatan sehingga timbul gejala seperti rasa nyeri pada ekstremitas tersebut(klaudikasio intermiten). Bapak/Ibu
87
terpilih sebagai peserta penelitian ini. Apabila Bapak/Ibu setuju untuk menjadi peserta penelitian maka ada beberapa hal yang akan Bapak/Ibu alami, yaitu: - Pengambilan informasi nama, umur, jenis kelamin, status merokok, status hipertensi dan keluhan yang dirasakan melalui wawancara - Diukur tekanan darah pada kedua kaki dan kedua lengan pada saat istirahat - Dan bila diperlukan, akan diukur tekanan darah pada kaki setelah berolah raga naik-turun bangku selama 4-5 menit atau berjalan selama 6 menit atau dorsofleksi plantarfleksi selama 6 menit. Keuntungan bagi Bapak/Ibu yang bersangkutan ikut dalam penelitian ini adalah mendapat fasilitas pendeteksian Penyakit Arteri Perifer (PAP) serta mengetahui derajat PAP yang diderita apabila terdeteksi. Dengan dilakukanya pendeteksian ini, kita dapat mengetahui apakah terdapat sumbatan pembuluh darah pada lengan atau kaki Bapak/Ibu. Bapak/Ibu juga akan diberi pemahaman mengenai PAP. Saya menjamin bahwa penelitian ini tidak akan menimbulkan efek yang merugikan pada Bapak/Ibu. Dalam penelitian ini tidak ada intervensi dalam bentuk apapun terhadap Bapak/ Ibu. Setiap data pemeriksaan dan penelitian dijamin kerahasiaannya dengan tidak mencantumkan identitas subyek. Sebagai peserta penelitian keikutsertaan ini bersifat sukarela dan tidak dikenakan biaya penelitian.
Penanggung jawab penelitian: Eka Aryani 085642702444 Sudah mendengar dan memahami penjelasan penelitian, dengan ini saya menyatakan
SETUJU / TIDAK SETUJU untuk ikut sebagai subyek/sampel penelitian ini. Tegal, …………………….2016 Saksi Nama Terang Alamat
: :
Nama Terang : Alamat :
88
Lampiran 2
DAFTAR TILIK PENELUSURAN REKAM MEDIK No
Keterangan Nama Jenis Kelamin Umur Alamat No HP Kontrol teratur/tidak Status merokok ya/ tidak DM Status glikemik (HbA1c): Kadar gula darah terakhir GDS: GDP: Lamanya DM: Obat yang diminum: Dislipidemia ya/ tidak TC: LDL: HDL: TG: Lamanya dislipidemia: Obat yang diminum: Hipertensi Tekanan darah terakhir: Obat yang diminum:
89
Lampiran 3
LEMBAR PENGUMPULAN DATA ANKLE-BRACHIAL INDEX (ABI) Tanggal Pemeriksaan: Nama Pasien:
Umur:
Catatan:
Jenis Kelamin:
Apakah ada aktivitas berat yang baru saja dilakukan/ konsumsi kafein/ alkohol terakhir
ABI saat istirahat Kanan
Pengukuran I
II
Rata-
Kiri
rata
I
Brachialis
Brachialis
Tibialis
Tibialis
Posterior
Posterior
Dorsalis
Dorsalis
Pedis
Pedis
ABI kanan =
ABI kiri =
Pengukuran II
Ratarata
rata − rata tertinggi tekanan sistolik kaki kanan DP atau TP rata − rata tertinggi tekanan sistolik lengan kanan atau kiri
rata − rata tertinggi tekanan sistolik kaki kiri DP atau TP rata − rata tertinggi tekanan sistolik lengan (kanan atau kiri)
Nilai ABI saat istirahat =
90
ABI setelah exercise (Diakukan apabila nilai ABI saat istirahat normal namun terdapat gejala klaudikasio) Lamanya exercise = Nilai tekanan sistolik kaki setelah exercise = Nilai ABI setelah exercise = Kelengkapan Data Status Merokok : Lamanya DM : Lamanya Dislipidemia Minum obat hipertensi teratur atau tidak : Minum obat diabetes teratur atau tidak : Minum obat dislipidemia teratur atau tidak :
91
Lampiran 4. Izin Penelitian
92
93
Lampiran 5. Dokumentasi Penelitian
94
95
Lampiran 6. Biodata Mahasiswa Identitas
Nama Lengkap
: Eka Aryani
Jenis Kelamin
: Perempuan
Program Studi
: Pendidikan Dokter
NIM
: 22010112110093
Tempat, tanggal lahir : Tegal, 14 Februari 1995 E-mail
:
[email protected]
Nomor telepon/HP
: 085642702444
Riwayat Pendidikan Formal SD Nama Institusi SDN Margadana 3 Kota Tegal
Tahun masuklulus
2000-2006
SMP SMPN 18 Kota Tegal
2006-2009
SMA S1 SMAN 1 Kota Pendidikan Tegal Dokter Fakultas Kedokteran UNDIP 2009-2012 2012
Organisasi yang Pernah Diikuti: Lembaga Divisi Pengembangan Mahasiswa Kelompok Studi Mahasiswa FK UNDIP Bidang Riset HIMA KU UNDIP Kelompok Ilmiah Remaja SMAN 1 Kota Tegal
Tahun 2013-2014
2012-2014 2010-2012
Pengalaman Mengikuti Lomba Karya Ilmiah Potensi Teng-teng Natto sebagai Alternatif Terapi Aterosklerosis, LKTI-GT Mini Scientific Fair 2014, Peserta Terbaik.
96
Lampiran 7. Hasil SPSS
Frequencies Frequency Table Status Dislipidemia Frequency ya Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
21
70,0
70,0
70,0
tidak
9
30,0
30,0
100,0
Total
30
100,0
100,0
Jenis kelamin Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid
Laki-laki
17
56,7
56,7
56,7
Perempuan
13
43,3
43,3
100,0
Total
30
100,0
100,0
Usia N
Valid
Missing Mean Median Std. Deviation Minimum Maximum
30 0 59,17 58,50 7,250 46 71 Usia Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
46
2
6,7
6,7
6,7
50
2
6,7
6,7
13,3
51
1
3,3
3,3
16,7
52
1
3,3
3,3
20,0
53
2
6,7
6,7
26,7
54
2
6,7
6,7
33,3
55
2
6,7
6,7
40,0
57
1
3,3
3,3
43,3
58
2
6,7
6,7
50,0
59
1
3,3
3,3
53,3
62
1
3,3
3,3
56,7
97
64
3
10,0
10,0
66,7
65
2
6,7
6,7
73,3
66
2
6,7
6,7
80,0
67
3
10,0
10,0
90,0
68
2
6,7
6,7
96,7
71
1
3,3
3,3
100,0
30
100,0
100,0
Total
Status merokok Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Ya
6
20,0
20,0
20,0
pasif
5
16,7
16,7
36,7
mantan
3
10,0
10,0
46,7
tidak
16
53,3
53,3
100,0
Total
30
100,0
100,0
Hipertensi Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Ya
13
43,3
43,3
43,3
Tidak
17
56,7
56,7
100,0
Total
30
100,0
100,0
Penyakit atherosclerosis lain Frequency Ya Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
7
23,3
23,3
23,3
Tidak
23
76,7
76,7
100,0
Total
30
100,0
100,0
Crosstabs Case Processing Summary Cases Valid N Status Dislipidemia * Status PAP
Missing
Percent 30
100,0%
N
Total
Percent 0
0,0%
N
Percent 30
100,0%
98
Status Dislipidemia * Status PAP Crosstabulation Status PAP Ya
ya
12
9
21
Expected Count
8,4
12,6
21,0
100,0%
50,0%
70,0%
40,0%
30,0%
70,0%
0
9
9
3,6
5,4
9,0
% within Status PAP
0,0%
50,0%
30,0%
% of Total Count
0,0% 12
30,0% 18
30,0% 30
12,0
18,0
30,0
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
40,0%
60,0%
100,0%
% within Status PAP
Count tidak
Expected Count
Expected Count
Total
Tidak
Count
% of Total
Status Dislipidemia
Total
% within Status PAP % of Total
Chi-Square Tests Value
b
Likelihood Ratio
Asymp. Sig. (2sided)
a
1
,003
6,356
1
,012
11,699
1
,001
8,571
Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction
df
,004
Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases
Exact Sig. (2sided)
8,286
1
,004
30
a. 1 cells (25,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3,60. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table Risk Estimate Value
95% Confidence Interval Lower
For cohort Status PAP = Tidak N of Valid Cases
,429 30
,262
Upper ,702
Exact Sig. (1sided)
,003
99
T-Test Group Statistics Status PAP
N
Ya
Kolesterol total
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
12
212,00
45,798
13,221
9
164,33
34,077
11,359
Tidak
Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for
t-test for Equality of Means
Equality of Variances F
Sig.
t
df
Sig. (2tailed)
Equal variances Kolester assumed ol total Equal variances
1,62 2
,218
not assumed
2,61 9
Mean
Std.
Differenc Error e Differenc e
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower
Upper
19
,017
47,667
18,199
9,577
85,757
2,73 18,999 5
,013
47,667
17,430
11,184
84,149
T-Test Group Statistics Status PAP LDL
N
Ya Tidak
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
12
136,83
31,007
8,951
9
104,44
30,566
10,189
Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances F
LDL
Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed
,042
Sig.
t-test for Equality of Means
t
,840 2,383
df
Sig. (2tailed)
Mean Differenc e
Std. Error Differenc e
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower
Upper
19
,028
32,389
13,591
3,942
60,836
2,388 17,52 3
,028
32,389
13,562
3,841
60,937
100
T-Test Group Statistics Status PAP HDL
N
Ya Tidak
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
12
25,58
9,549
2,756
9
33,67
5,074
1,691
Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances F
Sig.
t-test for Equality of Means t
df
Sig. (2tailed)
Mean Differenc e
Std. Error Differenc e
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower
HDL
Equal variances assumed
4,985
,038
19
,033
-8,083
3,517
-15,445
-,721
-
17,44
,023
-8,083
3,234
-14,893
-1,273
2,499
3
Equal variances not assumed
NPar Tests Mann-Whitney Test Ranks Status PAP
N
Ya Trigliserida
Mean Rank
Sum of Ranks
12
13,42
161,00
Tidak
9
7,78
70,00
Total
21
Test Statistics
a
Trigliserida Mann-Whitney U Wilcoxon W
25,000 70,000
Z Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)]
-2,061 ,039 b ,041
a. Grouping Variable: Status PAP b. Not corrected for ties.
Upper
2,298
101
Crosstabs Case Processing Summary Cases Valid N 21
jumlah dislipidemia * Status PAP
Missing
Percent
N
100,0%
Total
Percent 0
N
0,0%
Percent 21
100,0%
jumlah dislipidemia * Status PAP Crosstabulation Status PAP Ya Count 1 komponen
jumlah dislipidemia
3,4
2,6
6,0
66,7%
28,6%
% of Total
0,0%
28,6%
28,6%
9
3
12
6,9
5,1
12,0
% within Status PAP
75,0%
33,3%
57,1%
% of Total
42,9%
14,3%
57,1%
Expected Count
2
0
2
1,1
,9
2,0
16,7%
0,0%
9,5%
9,5%
0,0%
9,5%
Count
1
0
1
Expected Count
,6
,4
1,0
% within Status PAP
8,3%
0,0%
4,8%
% of Total Count
4,8% 12
0,0% 9
4,8% 21
12,0
9,0
21,0
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
57,1%
42,9%
100,0%
Expected Count % within Status PAP % of Total
4 komponen
Total
Expected Count % within Status PAP % of Total Chi-Square Tests Value
Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases
6
0,0%
Count 3 komponen
6
% within Status PAP
Count 2 komponen
Tidak 0
Expected Count
Total
df
Asymp. Sig. (2sided)
a
3
,008
15,186 8,710 21
3 1
,002 ,003
11,813
a. 6 cells (75,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is ,43.
102
Frequencies jenis komponen Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
HDL
4
19,0
19,0
19,0
TG
2
9,5
9,5
28,6
TC HDL
1
4,8
4,8
33,3
HDL TG
10
47,6
47,6
81,0
LDL HDL
1
4,8
4,8
85,7
TC LDL HDL
2
9,5
9,5
95,2
TC LDL HDL TG
1
4,8
4,8
100,0
21
100,0
100,0
Total
NPar Tests Descriptive Statistics N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Minimum Maximum
Percentiles 25th
50th (Median)
75th
jenis komponen
21
3,57
1,720
1
7
2,00
4,00
4,00
Status PAP
21
1,43
,507
1
2
1,00
1,00
2,00
103
Mann-Whitney Test Ranks Status PAP
N
Mean Rank
Ya jenis komponen
Sum of Ranks
12
14,38
172,50
Tidak
9
6,50
58,50
Total
21
a
Test Statistics
jenis komponen Mann-Whitney U Wilcoxon W Z Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)]
13,500 58,500 -3,059 ,002 b ,002
a. Grouping Variable: Status PAP b. Not corrected for ties.
Crosstabs Case Processing Summary Cases Valid N Jenis kelamin * Status PAP
Missing
Percent 30
N
Total
Percent
100,0%
0
N
0,0%
Percent 30
100,0%
Jenis kelamin * Status PAP Crosstabulation Status PAP Ya Count Laki-laki
Jenis kelamin
Total
Tidak 6
11
17
6,8
10,2
17,0
% within Status PAP
50,0%
61,1%
56,7%
% of Total
20,0%
36,7%
56,7%
6
7
13
5,2
7,8
13,0
% within Status PAP
50,0%
38,9%
43,3%
% of Total Count
20,0% 12
23,3% 18
43,3% 30
12,0
18,0
30,0
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
40,0%
60,0%
100,0%
Expected Count
Count Perempuan
Total
Expected Count
Expected Count % within Status PAP % of Total
104
Chi-Square Tests Value
b
Likelihood Ratio
Asymp. Sig. (2sided)
a
1
,547
,051
1
,821
,361
1
,548
,362
Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction
df
Exact Sig. (2sided)
Exact Sig. (1sided)
,711
Fisher's Exact Test ,350
Linear-by-Linear Association
1
,410
,554
30
N of Valid Cases
a. 0 cells (0,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 5,20. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
Risk Estimate Value
95% Confidence Interval Lower
Odds Ratio for Jenis kelamin (Laki-laki / Perempuan) For cohort Status PAP = Ya For cohort Status PAP = Tidak
Upper
,636
,145
2,784
,765 1,202
,320 ,651
1,828 2,220
30
N of Valid Cases
T-Test Group Statistics Status PAP Usia
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Ya
12
61,08
6,302
1,819
Tidak
18
57,89
7,722
1,820
Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances F
Usia
Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed
1,788
Sig.
t-test for Equality of Means
t
,192 1,191
df
Sig. (2tailed)
Mean Std. Differenc Error e Differenc e
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower
Upper
28
,244
3,194
2,683
-2,300
8,689
1,241 26,72 0
,225
3,194
2,574
-2,089
8,477
105
Crosstabs Case Processing Summary Cases Valid N Status merokok * Status PAP
Missing
Percent 30
N
Total
Percent
100,0%
0
N
Percent
0,0%
30
Status merokok * Status PAP Crosstabulation Status PAP Ya Count
4
2
6
3,6
6,0
% within Status PAP
33,3%
11,1%
20,0%
% of Total
13,3%
6,7%
20,0%
3
2
5
2,0
3,0
5,0
% within Status PAP
25,0%
11,1%
16,7%
% of Total
10,0%
6,7%
16,7%
1
2
3
1,2
1,8
3,0
% within Status PAP
8,3%
11,1%
10,0%
% of Total
3,3%
6,7%
10,0%
4
12
16
6,4
9,6
16,0
% within Status PAP
33,3%
66,7%
53,3%
% of Total Count
13,3% 12
40,0% 18
53,3% 30
12,0
18,0
30,0
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
40,0%
60,0%
100,0%
Count Expected Count
pasif
Status merokok
Count mantan
Expected Count
Count Expected Count
tidak
Expected Count
Total
Tidak
2,4
Expected Count
Ya
% within Status PAP % of Total
Chi-Square Tests Value Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases
Total
df a
4,167 4,199 3,902 30
Asymp. Sig. (2sided) 3 3 1
,244 ,241 ,048
100,0%
106
a. 6 cells (75,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1,20.
Risk Estimate Value a
Odds Ratio for Status merokok (Ya / pasif)
a. Risk Estimate statistics cannot be computed. They are only computed for a 2*2 table without empty cells.
Crosstabs Case Processing Summary Cases Valid N Hipertensi * Status PAP
Missing
Percent 30
N
100,0%
Total
Percent 0
N
0,0%
30
Hipertensi * Status PAP Crosstabulation Status PAP Ya Count Ya
Hipertensi
Total
Tidak 4
13
5,2
7,8
13,0
% within Status PAP
75,0%
22,2%
43,3%
% of Total
30,0%
13,3%
43,3%
3
14
17
6,8
10,2
17,0
% within Status PAP
25,0%
77,8%
56,7%
% of Total Count
10,0% 12
46,7% 18
56,7% 30
12,0
18,0
30,0
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
40,0%
60,0%
100,0%
Count Tidak
Total
9
Expected Count
Expected Count
Expected Count % within Status PAP % of Total
Percent 100,0%
107
Chi-Square Tests Value
b
Likelihood Ratio
Asymp. Sig. (2sided)
Exact Sig. (2sided)
a
1
,004
6,160
1
,013
8,488
1
,004
8,167
Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction
df
Exact Sig. (1sided)
,008
Fisher's Exact Test 7,895
Linear-by-Linear Association
1
,006
,005
30
N of Valid Cases
a. 0 cells (0,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 5,20. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
Risk Estimate Value
95% Confidence Interval Lower
Odds Ratio for Hipertensi (Ya / Tidak) For cohort Status PAP = Ya For cohort Status PAP = Tidak
Upper
10,500
1,889
58,359
3,923 ,374
1,320 ,161
11,656 ,869
30
N of Valid Cases
Crosstabs Case Processing Summary Cases Valid N Penyakit atherosclerosis lain * Status PAP
Missing
Percent 30
100,0%
N
Total
Percent 0
N
0,0%
Percent 30
100,0%
Penyakit atherosclerosis lain * Status PAP Crosstabulation Status PAP Ya Count Ya Penyakit atherosclerosis lain
Tidak
Expected Count
Total
Tidak 4
3
7
2,8
4,2
7,0
% within Status PAP
33,3%
16,7%
23,3%
% of Total
13,3%
10,0%
23,3%
8
15
23
9,2
13,8
23,0
Count Expected Count
108
% within Status PAP
66,7%
83,3%
76,7%
% of Total
26,7%
50,0%
76,7%
12
18
30
Count Expected Count
Total
% within Status PAP
12,0
18,0
30,0
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
40,0%
60,0%
100,0%
% of Total
Chi-Square Tests Value
b
Likelihood Ratio
Asymp. Sig. (2sided)
Exact Sig. (2sided)
a
1
,290
,380
1
,537
1,100
1
,294
1,118
Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction
df
Exact Sig. (1sided)
,392
Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association
1,081
1
,266
,299
30
N of Valid Cases
a. 2 cells (50,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 2,80. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
Risk Estimate Value
95% Confidence Interval Lower
Odds Ratio for Penyakit atherosclerosis lain (Ya / Tidak) For cohort Status PAP = Ya For cohort Status PAP =
Upper
2,500
,445
14,037
1,643 ,657
,701 ,266
3,849 1,626
Tidak 30
N of Valid Cases
Crosstabs Minum obat * Status PAP Crosstabulation Status PAP Ya Count
Minum obat
Teratur
Tidak teratur
Total
Tidak 6
16
22
8,8
13,2
22,0
% within Status PAP
50,0%
88,9%
73,3%
% of Total
20,0%
53,3%
73,3%
6
2
8
Expected Count
Count
109
Expected Count
3,2
4,8
8,0
% within Status PAP
50,0%
11,1%
26,7%
% of Total Count
20,0% 12
6,7% 18
26,7% 30
12,0
18,0
30,0
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
40,0%
60,0%
100,0%
Expected Count
Total
% within Status PAP % of Total
Chi-Square Tests Value
b
Likelihood Ratio
Asymp. Sig. (2sided)
a
1
,018
3,757
1
,053
5,601
1
,018
5,568
Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction
df
Exact Sig. (2sided)
Exact Sig. (1sided)
,034
Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association
5,383
1
,027
,020
30
N of Valid Cases
a. 2 cells (50,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3,20. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
Risk Estimate Value
95% Confidence Interval Lower
Odds Ratio for Minum obat (Teratur / Tidak teratur) For cohort Status PAP = Ya For cohort Status PAP = Tidak
Upper
,125
,020
,799
,364 2,909
,165 ,853
,802 9,925
30
N of Valid Cases
Crosstabs Case Processing Summary Cases Valid N Obat dislipidemia * Status PAP
Missing
Percent 30
100,0%
N
Total
Percent 0
0,0%
N
Percent 30
100,0%
110
Obat dislipidemia * Status PAP Crosstabulation Status PAP Ya Count
5
3
8
4,8
8,0
% within Status PAP
41,7%
16,7%
26,7%
% of Total
16,7%
10,0%
26,7%
7
8
15
6,0
9,0
15,0
% within Status PAP
58,3%
44,4%
50,0%
% of Total
23,3%
26,7%
50,0%
0
7
7
2,8
4,2
7,0
% within Status PAP
0,0%
38,9%
23,3%
% of Total Count
0,0% 12
23,3% 18
23,3% 30
12,0
18,0
30,0
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
40,0%
60,0%
100,0%
Count Obat dislipidemia
Expected Count
tidak
Count Expected Count
tidak minum obat
Expected Count
Total
% within Status PAP % of Total
Chi-Square Tests Value
df
Asymp. Sig. (2sided)
Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases
6,632 9,068
a
2 2
,036 ,011
5,695 30
1
,017
a. 4 cells (66,7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 2,80.
Risk Estimate Value Odds Ratio for Obat dislipidemia (ya / tidak)
a
a. Risk Estimate statistics cannot be computed. They are only computed for a 2*2 table without empty cells.
Tidak
3,2
Expected Count
ya
Total
111
Crosstabs Case Processing Summary Cases Valid N obat hipertensi * Status PAP
Missing
Percent 30
N
100,0%
Total
Percent 0
N
Percent
0,0%
30
100,0%
obat hipertensi * Status PAP Crosstabulation Status PAP Ya Count
2
7
2,8
4,2
7,0
% within Status PAP
41,7%
11,1%
23,3%
% of Total
16,7%
6,7%
23,3%
4
2
6
Count obat hipertensi
Expected Count
tidak teratur
2,4
3,6
6,0
% within Status PAP
33,3%
11,1%
20,0%
% of Total
13,3%
6,7%
20,0%
3
14
17
6,8
10,2
17,0
% within Status PAP
25,0%
77,8%
56,7%
% of Total Count
10,0% 12
46,7% 18
56,7% 30
12,0
18,0
30,0
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
40,0%
60,0%
100,0%
Count tidak minum obat
Expected Count
Expected Count
Total
% within Status PAP % of Total
Chi-Square Tests Value Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases
Tidak 5
Expected Count
teratur
Total
df a
8,198 8,523 7,016 30
Asymp. Sig. (2sided) 2 2 1
a. 4 cells (66,7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 2,40.
,017 ,014 ,008
112
Risk Estimate Value a
Odds Ratio for obat hipertensi (teratur / tidak teratur)
a. Risk Estimate statistics cannot be computed. They are only computed for a 2*2 table without empty cells.
Logistic Regression Case Processing Summary Unweighted Cases
a
N Included in Analysis
Selected Cases
Percent 30
100,0
0
,0
30 0 30
100,0 ,0 100,0
Missing Cases Total
Unselected Cases Total
a. If weight is in effect, see classification table for the total number of cases.
Dependent Variable Encoding Original Value
Internal Value
Ya Tidak
0 1 Categorical Variables Codings Frequency
Parameter coding (1)
Minum obat Hipertensi
Teratur
22
1,000
Tidak teratur Ya
8 13
,000 1,000
Tidak
17
,000
Block 0: Beginning Block Classification Table Observed
a,b
Predicted Status PAP Ya
Status PAP Step 0
Percentage Correct
Tidak
Ya
0
12
,0
Tidak
0
18
100,0
Overall Percentage a. Constant is included in the model.
60,0
113
b. The cut value is ,500 Variables in the Equation B Step 0
Constant
S.E. ,405
Wald
,373
df
1,184
Sig. 1
,277
Variables not in the Equation Score Variables
Step 0
df
Sig.
Hipertensi(1)
8,167
1
,004
obat_dm(1)
5,568
1
,018
10,027
2
,007
Overall Statistics
Block 1: Method = Backward Stepwise (Likelihood Ratio) Omnibus Tests of Model Coefficients Chi-square
Step 1
Step 2
a
df
Sig.
Step
10,792
2
,005
Block
10,792
2
,005
Model Step
10,792 -2,303
2 1
,005 ,129
Block
8,488
1
,004
Model
8,488
1
,004
a. A negative Chi-squares value indicates that the Chi-squares value has decreased from the previous step.
Model Summary Step 1 2
-2 Log likelihood
Cox & Snell R
Nagelkerke R
Square
Square
29,589
a
,302
,408
31,892
a
,246
,333
a. Estimation terminated at iteration number 4 because parameter estimates changed by less than ,001.
Hosmer and Lemeshow Test Step 1 2
Chi-square ,070 ,000
df
Sig. 2 0
,966 .
Exp(B) 1,500
114
Contingency Table for Hosmer and Lemeshow Test Status PAP = Ya Observed
Step 1
Step 2
Status PAP = Tidak
Expected
Observed
Total
Expected
1
5
5,124
1
,876
6
2
4
3,876
3
3,124
7
3
1
,876
1
1,124
2
4 1
2 9
2,124 9,000
13 4
12,876 4,000
15 13
2
3
3,000
14
14,000
17
Classification Table
a
Observed
Predicted Status PAP Ya
Status PAP Step 1
Percentage Correct
Tidak
Ya
9
3
75,0
Tidak
4
14
77,8 76,7
Overall Percentage Status PAP Step 2
Ya
9
3
75,0
Tidak
4
14
77,8 76,7
Overall Percentage a. The cut value is ,500
Variables in the Equation B
S.E.
Wald
df
Sig.
Exp(B)
95% C.I.for EXP(B) Lower
Hipertensi(1) Step 1
a
obat_dm(1) Constant
Step 2
a
Hipertensi(1) Constant
Upper
-2,017
,919
4,820
1
,028
,133
,022
,805
1,552
1,048
2,190
1
,139
4,719
,604
36,836
,250
1,055
,056
1
,813
1,284
-2,351
,875
7,219
1
,007
,095
,017
,529
1,540
,636
5,863
1
,015
4,667
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: Hipertensi, obat_dm.
115
Model if Term Removed Variable
Step 1 Step 2
Model Log Likelihood
Change in -2 Log Likelihood
df
Sig. of the Change
Hipertensi
-17,390
5,190
1
,023
obat_dm Hipertensi
-15,946 -20,190
2,303 8,488
1 1
,129 ,004
df
Sig.
Variables not in the Equation Score Step 2
a
Variables
obat_dm(1)
Overall Statistics
a. Variable(s) removed on step 2: obat_dm.
2,360
1
,124
2,360
1
,124