DAFTAR ISI
PERANCANGAN PENEMPATAN RADAR DENGAN STUDI KASUS WILAYAH NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA ............................................. i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PEMBIMBING ................................................. ii LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PENGUJI ............................................................. iii LEMBAR PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TUGAS AKHIR ............................. iv Halaman Persembahan ...................................................................................... v HALAMAN MOTTO ....................................................................................... vi KATA PENGANTAR ...................................................................................... vii ABSTRAKSI ..................................................................................................... ix DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... x DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................ xv DAFTAR TABEL ......................................................................................... xviii BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................... 1 1.1
Latar Belakang .................................................................................... 1
1.2
Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................... 3
1.3
Batasan Masalah .................................................................................. 3
1.4
Tujuan Penelitian................................................................................. 4
x
1.5
Metodologi Penelitian .......................................................................... 5
1.6
Sistematika Penelitian.......................................................................... 6
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ........................................................................ 8 2.1
Tinjauan Pustaka ................................................................................. 8
2.2
Negara Kedaulatan Republik Indonesia ............................................. 9
2.3
Radar ( Radio Detection And Ranging ) ............................................ 13
2.3.1
Sejarah perkembangan radar .................................................... 13
2.3.2.
Konsep Kerja Radar Pertahanan Udara ................................... 20
2.3.3.
Komponen Radar ....................................................................... 22
2.3.4
Free Space Loss .......................................................................... 31
2.3.5
Perhitungan Nilai Power Received .............................................. 31
2.4.
Perkembangan Radar........................................................................ 32
2.4.1
Secondary Surveillance Radar ..................................................... 32
2.4.2
Airbone Early Warning System ................................................... 33
2.5.
Spesifikasi radar-radar yang digunakan oleh Negara Indonesia..... 33
2.6
Kriteria Penempatan Radar Pertahanan Udara .............................. 36
2.6.1
Penempatan Radar ..................................................................... 36
2.6.2
Kondisi Permukaan Lahan dan Lingkungan ............................ 37
BAB III PERANCANGAN SISTEM .............................................................. 39 3.1.
Perancangan Sistem ........................................................................... 39
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3.2
Survei Lapangan ................................................................................ 41
3.3
Parameter-parameter yang berpengaruh pada kinerja Radar ....... 43
3.3.1
Radar Cross Section ..................................................................... 44
3.3.2
Lamda (panjang gelombang) ...................................................... 48
3.3.3
Gain ............................................................................................. 50
3.3.4
Loss .............................................................................................. 50
3.3.5
Noise ............................................................................................ 52
3.3.6
Noise Factor (Figure) .................................................................. 52
3.3.7
Signal Noise Ratio ...................................................................... 53
3.4
Penentuan rumus ............................................................................... 53
3.5
Parameter-parameter yang digunakan............................................. 54
BAB IV HASIL PERHITUNGAN DAN ANALISA ....................................... 55 4.1
Hasil Perhitungan .............................................................................. 55
4.1.1
Perhitungan Nilai Rmax.............................................................. 55
4.1.2
Perhitungan Nilai Free Space Path Loss .................................... 59
4.1.3
Nilai Power Received ................................................................... 60
4.2
Perencanaan Penempatan Posisi Radar TRS 2215 .......................... 61
4.2.1
Radar Sabang ............................................................................. 71
4.2.2
Radar Lhoksumawe .................................................................... 72
4.2.3
Radar Dumai............................................................................... 73
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4.2.4
Radar Sibolga ............................................................................. 73
4.2.5
Radar Bengkulu .......................................................................... 74
4.2.6
Radar Tanjung Pinang ............................................................... 74
4.2.7
Radar Tanjung Pandan .............................................................. 75
4.2.8
Radar Tanjung Kait ................................................................... 76
4.2.9
Radar Cikarang .......................................................................... 76
4.2.10
Radar Congot .............................................................................. 77
4.2.11
Radar Ploso ................................................................................. 78
4.2.12
Radar Malang ............................................................................. 78
4.2.13
Radar Lombok ............................................................................ 79
4.2.14
Radar Sumba .............................................................................. 79
4.2.15
Radar Alor .................................................................................. 80
4.2.16
Radar Maluku............................................................................. 81
4.2.17
Radar Aru ................................................................................... 81
4.2.18
Radar Yos Sudarso ..................................................................... 82
4.2.19
Radar Merauke .......................................................................... 83
4.2.20
Radar Jayapura .......................................................................... 83
4.2.21
Radar Timika .............................................................................. 84
4.2.22
Radar Biak .................................................................................. 84
4.2.23
Radar Sorong .............................................................................. 85
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4.2.24
Radar Ambon ............................................................................. 86
4.2.25
Radar Morotai ............................................................................ 86
4.2.26
Radar Gorontalo ........................................................................ 87
4.2.27
Radar Tarakan ........................................................................... 88
4.2.28
Radar Balikpapan....................................................................... 88
4.2.29
Radar Banjarmasin .................................................................... 89
4.2.30
Radar Pontianak ......................................................................... 89
4.2.31
Radar Ranai ................................................................................ 90
4.2.32
Radar Kalimantan Barat............................................................ 91
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................ 92 5.1
Kesimpulan ........................................................................................ 92
5.2
Saran .................................................................................................. 93
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................... 95
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2. 1 Peta Wilayah Kedaulatan Negara Indonesia [2].............................. 10 Gambar 2. 2 Penempatan Radar di Indonesia [8] ................................................ 20 Gambar 2. 3 Konsep Kerja Radar [10] ............................................................... 21 Gambar 2. 4 Blok komunikasi sistem radar [7]................................................... 25 Gambar 2. 5 Radar Nysa P-30 [20]..................................................................... 35 Gambar 2. 6 Radar Thomson TRS 2215 [14] ..................................................... 36 Gambar 2. 7 Luas Lahan Dan Lokasi Peletakan Radar [15] ................................ 37 Gambar 2. 8 Persyaratan Batas Ketinggian Bangunan dan Benda Tumbuh di sekitar radar [15] ................................................................................................ 38 Gambar 3. 1 Diagram Alir Perancangan Penempatan Radar ………...…………40 Gambar 3. 2 Frekuensi yang digunakan pada radar [7] ...................................... .49 Gambar 4. 1 Perbandingan Nilai RCS dan Nilai Rmax Frekuensi 2,9 GHz ……57 Gambar 4. 2 Perbandingan Nilai RCS dan Rmax ............................................... 59 Gambar 4. 3 Phytagoras untuk penentuan posisi radar ........................................ 62 Gambar 4. 4 Cakupan dari Radar Militer yang digunakan pihak Indonesia ........ 64 Gambar 4. 5 Cakupan wilayah udara yang bisa dipantau oleh radar militer dan radar sipil ........................................................................................................... 64 Gambar 4. 6 Mapping Penempatan Radar .......................................................... 69 Gambar 4. 7 Cakupan Daerah yang dapat dipantau bila penerapan penelitian ..... 69 Gambar 4. 10 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Sabang ............................................. 72 Gambar 4. 11 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Lhoksumawe .................................... 72 Gambar 4. 12 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Dumai .............................................. 73 xv
Gambar 4. 13 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Sibolga ............................................. 73 Gambar 4. 14 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Bengkulu .......................................... 74 Gambar 4. 15 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Tanjung Pinang ................................ 75 Gambar 4. 16 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Tanjung Pandan................................ 75 Gambar 4. 17 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Tanjung Kait .................................... 76 Gambar 4. 18 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Cikarang ........................................... 77 Gambar 4. 19 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Congot ............................................. 77 Gambar 4. 20 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Ploso ................................................ 78 Gambar 4. 21 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Malang ............................................. 79 Gambar 4. 22 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Lombok ............................................ 79 Gambar 4. 23 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Sumba .............................................. 80 Gambar 4. 24 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Alor.................................................. 80 Gambar 4. 25 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Maluku ............................................. 81 Gambar 4. 26 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Aru ................................................... 82 Gambar 4. 27 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Yos Sudarso ..................................... 82 Gambar 4. 28 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Merauke ........................................... 83 Gambar 4. 29 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Jayapura ........................................... 83 Gambar 4. 30 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Timika .............................................. 84 Gambar 4. 31 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Biak.................................................. 85 Gambar 4. 32 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Sorong .............................................. 85 Gambar 4. 33 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Ambon ............................................. 86 Gambar 4. 34 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Morotai ............................................ 87 Gambar 4. 35 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Gorontalo ......................................... 87
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Gambar 4. 36 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Tarakan ............................................ 88 Gambar 4. 37 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Balikpapan ....................................... 89 Gambar 4. 38 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Banjarmasin ..................................... 89 Gambar 4. 39 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Pontianak ......................................... 90 Gambar 4. 40 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Ranai ................................................ 90 Gambar 4. 41 Daerah Pendeteksian Radar Kalimantan Barat.............................. 91
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2. 1 Pulau-Pulau Kecil Indonesia yang berada Terluar Wilayah NKRI [2] 10 Tabel 2. 2 Penemuan yang menjadi cikal bakal ditemukannya Radar [7] ............ 14 Tabel 2. 3 Lokasi Penempatan Radar di Indonesia sumber dari TNI AU [9] ....... 18 Tabel 2. 4 Spesifikasi Radar NYSA P-30 [13].................................................... 34 Tabel 2. 5 Spesifikasi Radar Thomson TRS 2215 [13] ....................................... 35 Tabel 3. 1 Spesifikasi Keseluruhan dari Radar TRS 2215 [16]
……………42
Tabel 3. 2 Radar Cross Section Pesawat [18] ..................................................... 44 Tabel 3. 3 Frekuensi band pada Radar [10] ........................................................ 49 Tabel 3. 4 Transmit loss pada radar [19]............................................................. 50 Tabel 3. 5 Signal Processing Losses [19] ........................................................... 51 Tabel 3. 6 System Loss [19]................................................................................ 51 Tabel 3. 7 Parameter-Parameter yang digunakan ................................................ 54 Tabel 4. 1 Hasil Perhitungan R Max dengan Frekuensi 2,9 GHz
……………55
Tabel 4. 2 Rmax dengan frekuensi 3 GHz .......................................................... 58 Tabel 4. 3 Rmax dengan frekuensi 3,1 GHz ....................................................... 58 Tabel 4. 4 Rancangan Lokasi Penempatan Radar ............................................... 66 Tabel 4. 5 Posisi-posisi radar yang tidak digunakan ........................................... 68 Tabel 4. 6 Perbandingan antara penempatan posisi radar yang lama dengan penempatan posisi radar yang baru. .................................................................... 70
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